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Created page with 'File:lighterstill.jpgright|frame *Date: 1844 ==Definitions== *1 : loyalty and devotion to a nati...'
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*Date: 1844
==Definitions==
*1 : [[loyalty]] and [[devotion]] to a nation; especially : a sense of national [[consciousness]] exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its [[culture]] and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational [[groups]]
*2 : a nationalist [[movement]] or [[government]]
==Description==
'''Nationalism''' involves a strong identification of [[society]] and the [[state]]. Often, it is the [[belief]] that an ethnic group has a right to statehood, or that [[citizenship]] in a state should be limited to one [[ethnic]] [[group]]. It can also include the [[belief]] that the [[state]] is of primary importance, or the [[belief]] that one state is [[naturally]] superior to all other states. It is also used to describe a [[movement]] to establish or protect a homeland (usually an [[autonomous]] state) for an ethnic group. In some cases the identification of a national [[culture]] is combined with a [[negative]] view of other [[races]] or [[cultures]]. Nationalism is sometimes reactionary, calling for a return to a national [[past]], and sometimes for the expulsion of foreigners. Other [[forms]] of nationalism are revolutionary, calling for the [[establishment]] of an [[independent]] [[state]] as a homeland for an ethnic underclass.
Nationalism emphasizes [[collective]] [[identity]] - a 'people' must be [[autonomous]], united, and [[express]] a single national [[culture]]. However, some nationalists stress [[individualism]] as an important part of their own national [[identity]].
National flags, national anthems, and other [[symbols]] of national [[identity]] are often considered [[sacred]], as if they were [[religious]] rather than [[political]] [[symbols]]. Deep [[emotions]] are aroused. Gellner and Breuilly, in ''Nations and Nationalism'', [[contrast]] nationalism and patriotism. "If the nobler [[word]] 'patriotism' then replaced 'civic/Western nationalism', nationalism as a [[phenomenon]] had ceased to exist."
Before the [[development]] of nationalism, people were generally [[loyal]] to a city or to a particular [[leader]] rather than to their nation. Encyclopedia Britannica identifies the movement's [[genesis]] with the late-18th century [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolution American Revolution] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution French Revolution]; other historians point specifically to the ultra-nationalist party in France during the French Revolution.
The term nationalism was coined by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder Johann Gottfried Herder] (nationalismus) during the late 1770s. Precisely where and when nationalism emerged is [[difficult]] to determine, but its [[development]] is closely related to that of the modern [[state]] and the push for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_sovereignty popular sovereignty] that came to a head with the French Revolution and the American Revolution in the late 18th century. Since that time, nationalism has become one of the most significant [[political]] and [[social]] [[forces]] in [[history]], perhaps most notably as a major [[influence]] or postulate of [[World War I]] and especially [[World War II]]. [[Fascism]], is a [[form]] of [[authoritarian]] civic nationalism which stresses [[absolute]] [[loyalty]] and [[obedience]] to the [[state]], whose [[purpose]] is to serve the interests of its nation alone.
==External links==
* [http://www.nationalismproject.org The Nationalism Project]
* [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook17.html Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Nationalism]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nationalism/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Nationalism]
* [http://www.tamilnation.org/nation.htm Nations & Nationalism: What is a Nation]
* [http://nationalityinworldhistory.net Nationality in World History]
[[Category: Political Science]]
*Date: 1844
==Definitions==
*1 : [[loyalty]] and [[devotion]] to a nation; especially : a sense of national [[consciousness]] exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its [[culture]] and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational [[groups]]
*2 : a nationalist [[movement]] or [[government]]
==Description==
'''Nationalism''' involves a strong identification of [[society]] and the [[state]]. Often, it is the [[belief]] that an ethnic group has a right to statehood, or that [[citizenship]] in a state should be limited to one [[ethnic]] [[group]]. It can also include the [[belief]] that the [[state]] is of primary importance, or the [[belief]] that one state is [[naturally]] superior to all other states. It is also used to describe a [[movement]] to establish or protect a homeland (usually an [[autonomous]] state) for an ethnic group. In some cases the identification of a national [[culture]] is combined with a [[negative]] view of other [[races]] or [[cultures]]. Nationalism is sometimes reactionary, calling for a return to a national [[past]], and sometimes for the expulsion of foreigners. Other [[forms]] of nationalism are revolutionary, calling for the [[establishment]] of an [[independent]] [[state]] as a homeland for an ethnic underclass.
Nationalism emphasizes [[collective]] [[identity]] - a 'people' must be [[autonomous]], united, and [[express]] a single national [[culture]]. However, some nationalists stress [[individualism]] as an important part of their own national [[identity]].
National flags, national anthems, and other [[symbols]] of national [[identity]] are often considered [[sacred]], as if they were [[religious]] rather than [[political]] [[symbols]]. Deep [[emotions]] are aroused. Gellner and Breuilly, in ''Nations and Nationalism'', [[contrast]] nationalism and patriotism. "If the nobler [[word]] 'patriotism' then replaced 'civic/Western nationalism', nationalism as a [[phenomenon]] had ceased to exist."
Before the [[development]] of nationalism, people were generally [[loyal]] to a city or to a particular [[leader]] rather than to their nation. Encyclopedia Britannica identifies the movement's [[genesis]] with the late-18th century [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolution American Revolution] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution French Revolution]; other historians point specifically to the ultra-nationalist party in France during the French Revolution.
The term nationalism was coined by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder Johann Gottfried Herder] (nationalismus) during the late 1770s. Precisely where and when nationalism emerged is [[difficult]] to determine, but its [[development]] is closely related to that of the modern [[state]] and the push for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_sovereignty popular sovereignty] that came to a head with the French Revolution and the American Revolution in the late 18th century. Since that time, nationalism has become one of the most significant [[political]] and [[social]] [[forces]] in [[history]], perhaps most notably as a major [[influence]] or postulate of [[World War I]] and especially [[World War II]]. [[Fascism]], is a [[form]] of [[authoritarian]] civic nationalism which stresses [[absolute]] [[loyalty]] and [[obedience]] to the [[state]], whose [[purpose]] is to serve the interests of its nation alone.
==External links==
* [http://www.nationalismproject.org The Nationalism Project]
* [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook17.html Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Nationalism]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nationalism/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Nationalism]
* [http://www.tamilnation.org/nation.htm Nations & Nationalism: What is a Nation]
* [http://nationalityinworldhistory.net Nationality in World History]
[[Category: Political Science]]