Changes

==History==

==History==

The region was inhabited by about 5,000 [[Lenape]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] at the time of its European discovery in 1524<ref>[http://www.gothamcenter.org "Gotham Center for New York City History"] Timeline 1500 - 1700</ref> by [[Giovanni da Verrazzano]], an Italian explorer in the service of the French crown, who called it "Nouvelle Angoulême" ([[New Angoulême]]).<ref name="rodgers">{{cite book |title=New York: the World's Capital City, Its Development and Contributions to Progress |author=Rankin, Rebecca B., Cleveland Rodgers |publisher=Harper |year=1948}}</ref> European settlement began with the founding of a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[fur trade|fur trading]] settlement, later called "Nieuw Amsterdam" ([[New Amsterdam]]), on the southern tip of Manhattan in 1614. [[Dutch (ethnic group)|Dutch]] colonial Director-General [[Peter Minuit]] purchased the island of Manhattan from the Lenape in 1626 (legend, now disproved, says that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Miller, Christopher L., George R. Hamell |date=September 1986 |title=A New Perspective on Indian-White Contact: Cultural Symbols and Colonial Trade |journal=The Journal of American History |volume=73 |issue=2 |url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-8723%28198609%2973%3A2%3C311%3AANPOIC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A |accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref> In 1664, the English conquered the city and renamed it "New York" after the [[James II of England|English Duke of York and Albany]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Historical Atlas of New York City: A Visual Celebration of 400 Years of New York City's History |author=Homberger, Eric |year=2005 |pages=p. 34 |publisher=Owl Books |isbn=0805078428}}</ref>  At the end of the [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]] the Dutch gained control of [[Run (island)|Run]] (a much more valuable asset at the time) in exchange for the English controlling New Amsterdam (New York) in North America.  By 1700, the Lenape population was diminished to 200.<ref>[http://www.gothamcenter.org "Gotham Center for New York City History"] Timeline 1700-1800</ref>

The region was inhabited by about 5,000 [[Lenape]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] at the time of its European discovery in 1524<ref>[http://www.gothamcenter.org "Gotham Center for New York City History"] Timeline 1500 - 1700</ref> by [[Giovanni da Verrazzano]], an Italian explorer in the service of the French crown, who called it "Nouvelle Angoulême" ([[New Angoulême]]).<ref name="rodgers">{{cite book |title=New York: the World's Capital City, Its Development and Contributions to Progress |author=Rankin, Rebecca B., Cleveland Rodgers |publisher=Harper |year=1948}}</ref> European settlement began with the founding of a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[fur trade|fur trading]] settlement, later called "Nieuw Amsterdam" ([[New Amsterdam]]), on the southern tip of Manhattan in 1614. [[Dutch (ethnic group)|Dutch]] colonial Director-General [[Peter Minuit]] purchased the island of Manhattan from the Lenape in 1626 (legend, now disproved, says that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Miller, Christopher L., George R. Hamell |date=September 1986 |title=A New Perspective on Indian-White Contact: Cultural Symbols and Colonial Trade |journal=The Journal of American History |volume=73 |issue=2 |url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-8723%28198609%2973%3A2%3C311%3AANPOIC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A |accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref> In 1664, the English conquered the city and renamed it "New York" after the [[James II of England|English Duke of York and Albany]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Historical Atlas of New York City: A Visual Celebration of 400 Years of New York City's History |author=Homberger, Eric |year=2005 |pages=p. 34 |publisher=Owl Books |isbn=0805078428}}</ref>  At the end of the [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]] the Dutch gained control of [[Run (island)|Run]] (a much more valuable asset at the time) in exchange for the English controlling New Amsterdam (New York) in North America.  By 1700, the Lenape population was diminished to 200.<ref>[http://www.gothamcenter.org "Gotham Center for New York City History"] Timeline 1700-1800</ref>

Returning [[World War II]] veterans and [[Immigration|immigrants]] from Europe created a postwar economic boom and the development of huge housing tracts in eastern Queens. New York emerged from the war unscathed and the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America's ascendance as the world's dominant economic power, the United Nations headquarters (built in 1952) emphasizing New York's political influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitating New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Center of the World - New York: A Documentary  Film (Transcript) |author=Burns, Ric |publisher=PBS |url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/newyork/filmmore/pt.html| accessdate=2006-07-20 |date=2003-08-22}}</ref> In the 1960s, New York suffered from economic problems, rising crime rates and racial tension, which reached a peak in the 1970s.

Returning [[World War II]] veterans and [[Immigration|immigrants]] from Europe created a postwar economic boom and the development of huge housing tracts in eastern Queens. New York emerged from the war unscathed and the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America's ascendance as the world's dominant economic power, the United Nations headquarters (built in 1952) emphasizing New York's political influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitating New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Center of the World - New York: A Documentary  Film (Transcript) |author=Burns, Ric |publisher=PBS |url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/newyork/filmmore/pt.html| accessdate=2006-07-20 |date=2003-08-22}}</ref> In the 1960s, New York suffered from economic problems, rising crime rates and racial tension, which reached a peak in the 1970s.

In the 1980s, a resurgence in the financial industry improved the city's fiscal health. By the 1990s, racial tensions had calmed, crime rates dropped dramatically, and waves of new immigrants arrived from Asia and Latin America. Important new sectors, such as [[Silicon Alley]], emerged in the city's economy and New York's population reached an all-time high in the [[United States Census, 2000|2000 census]].

In the 1980s, a resurgence in the financial industry improved the city's fiscal health. By the 1990s, racial tensions had calmed, crime rates dropped dramatically, and waves of new immigrants arrived from Asia and Latin America. Important new sectors, such as [[Silicon Alley]], emerged in the city's economy and New York's population reached an all-time high in the [[United States Census, 2000|2000 census]].

==Geography==

==Geography==

New York City is located in the [[Northeastern United States]], in southeastern [[New York]] State, approximately halfway between [[Washington, D.C.]] and [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]].<ref>Washington, D.C. is {{convert|228|mi|km|0}} driving distance from New York City, and Boston is {{convert|217|mi|km|0}} driving distance from New York. - [http://maps.google.com/ Google Maps]</ref>  The location at the mouth of the [[Hudson River]], which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the [[Atlantic Ocean]], has helped the city grow in significance as a trading city.  Much of New York is built on the three islands of Manhattan, Staten Island, and Long Island, making land scarce and encouraging a high population density.

New York City is located in the [[Northeastern United States]], in southeastern [[New York]] State, approximately halfway between [[Washington, D.C.]] and [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]].<ref>Washington, D.C. is {{convert|228|mi|km|0}} driving distance from New York City, and Boston is {{convert|217|mi|km|0}} driving distance from New York. - [http://maps.google.com/ Google Maps]</ref>  The location at the mouth of the [[Hudson River]], which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the [[Atlantic Ocean]], has helped the city grow in significance as a trading city.  Much of New York is built on the three islands of Manhattan, Staten Island, and Long Island, making land scarce and encouraging a high population density.

* '''[[The Bronx]]''' (pop. 1,364,566)<ref name="census" /> is New York City's northernmost borough. The site of [[Yankee Stadium]], home of the [[New York Yankees]], and home to the largest [[Housing cooperative|cooperatively owned housing]] complex in the United States, [[Co-op City, Bronx|Co-op City]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Frazier, Ian |title=Utopia, the Bronx |publisher=The New Yorker |date=[[June 26]], [[2006]] |url=http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/06/26/060626fa_fact_frazier |accessdate=2007-03-26}}</ref> Except for a small piece of Manhattan known as [[Marble Hill, Manhattan|Marble Hill]], the Bronx is the only section of the city that is part of the United States mainland. It is home to the [[Bronx Zoo]], the largest metropolitan zoo in the United States, which spans 265&nbsp;acres (107.2&nbsp;hectares) and is home to over 6,000 animals.<ref>{{cite book |title=New York City Museum Guide |author=Ward, Candace |publisher=Dover Publications |year=2000 |id=ISBN 0486410005 |pages=p. 72}}</ref>  The Bronx is the birthplace of [[Rapping|rap]] and [[hip hop culture]].<ref>{{cite book|first=David|last=Toop|title=Rap Attack 2: African Rap to Global Hip Hop|publisher=Serpents Tail|year=1992|isbn=1852422432}}</ref>

* '''[[The Bronx]]''' (pop. 1,364,566)<ref name="census" /> is New York City's northernmost borough. The site of [[Yankee Stadium]], home of the [[New York Yankees]], and home to the largest [[Housing cooperative|cooperatively owned housing]] complex in the United States, [[Co-op City, Bronx|Co-op City]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Frazier, Ian |title=Utopia, the Bronx |publisher=The New Yorker |date=[[June 26]], [[2006]] |url=http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/06/26/060626fa_fact_frazier |accessdate=2007-03-26}}</ref> Except for a small piece of Manhattan known as [[Marble Hill, Manhattan|Marble Hill]], the Bronx is the only section of the city that is part of the United States mainland. It is home to the [[Bronx Zoo]], the largest metropolitan zoo in the United States, which spans 265&nbsp;acres (107.2&nbsp;hectares) and is home to over 6,000 animals.<ref>{{cite book |title=New York City Museum Guide |author=Ward, Candace |publisher=Dover Publications |year=2000 |id=ISBN 0486410005 |pages=p. 72}}</ref>  The Bronx is the birthplace of [[Rapping|rap]] and [[hip hop culture]].<ref>{{cite book|first=David|last=Toop|title=Rap Attack 2: African Rap to Global Hip Hop|publisher=Serpents Tail|year=1992|isbn=1852422432}}</ref>

 

* '''[[Brooklyn]]''' (pop. 2,511,408)<ref name="census">{{cite web |publisher=[[New York City Department of City Planning]] |title=The Current Population of NYC (2005) |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/detailed_narrative_2005.pdf| format=PDF| accessdate=2007-03-13}} These figures were adopted by the U.S. Census Bureau in September 2006.</ref> is the city's most populous borough and was an independent city until 1898. Brooklyn is known for its cultural, social and ethnic diversity, an independent art scene, [[List of Brooklyn, New York neighborhoods|distinct neighborhoods]] and a unique architectural heritage. It is also the only borough outside of Manhattan with a distinct downtown area. The borough features a long beachfront and [[Coney Island]], established in the 1870s as one of the earliest amusement grounds in the country.<ref>{{cite book |title=Coney Island: The People's Playground |author=Immerso, Michael |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=2002 |pages=p. 3 |id=ISBN 0813531381}}</ref>

* '''[[Brooklyn]]''' (pop. 2,511,408)<ref name="census">{{cite web |publisher=[[New York City Department of City Planning]] |title=The Current Population of NYC (2005) |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/detailed_narrative_2005.pdf| format=PDF| accessdate=2007-03-13}} These figures were adopted by the U.S. Census Bureau in September 2006.</ref> is the city's most populous borough and was an independent city until 1898. Brooklyn is known for its cultural, social and ethnic diversity, an independent art scene, [[List of Brooklyn, New York neighborhoods|distinct neighborhoods]] and a unique architectural heritage. It is also the only borough outside of Manhattan with a distinct downtown area. The borough features a long beachfront and [[Coney Island]], established in the 1870s as one of the earliest amusement grounds in the country.<ref>{{cite book |title=Coney Island: The People's Playground |author=Immerso, Michael |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=2002 |pages=p. 3 |id=ISBN 0813531381}}</ref>

* '''[[Manhattan]]''' (pop. 1,593,200)<ref name="census" /> is the most densely populated borough and home to most of the city's [[skyscraper]]s, as well as [[Central Park]]. The borough is the financial center of the city and contains the headquarters of many major corporations, the [[United Nations]], as well as a number of important universities, and many cultural attractions, including numerous museums, the [[Broadway theatre]] district, [[Greenwich Village]], and [[Madison Square Garden]]. Manhattan is loosely divided into [[Lower Manhattan|Lower]], [[Midtown Manhattan|Midtown]], and [[Upper Manhattan|Uptown]] regions. Uptown Manhattan is divided by Central Park into the [[Upper East Side]] and the [[Upper West Side]], and above the park is [[Harlem]].

* '''[[Manhattan]]''' (pop. 1,593,200)<ref name="census" /> is the most densely populated borough and home to most of the city's [[skyscraper]]s, as well as [[Central Park]]. The borough is the financial center of the city and contains the headquarters of many major corporations, the [[United Nations]], as well as a number of important universities, and many cultural attractions, including numerous museums, the [[Broadway theatre]] district, [[Greenwich Village]], and [[Madison Square Garden]]. Manhattan is loosely divided into [[Lower Manhattan|Lower]], [[Midtown Manhattan|Midtown]], and [[Upper Manhattan|Uptown]] regions. Uptown Manhattan is divided by Central Park into the [[Upper East Side]] and the [[Upper West Side]], and above the park is [[Harlem]].

Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' and ''[[The New York Times]]''. Major tabloid newspapers in the city include ''[[Daily News (New York)|The New York Daily News]]'' and ''[[New York Post|The New York Post]]'', founded in 1801 by [[Alexander Hamilton]]. The city also has a major ethnic press, with 270 newspapers and magazines published in more than 40 languages.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ethnic Press Booms In New York City |publisher=Editor & Publisher |date=[[July 10]], [[2002]] |url=http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1538594 |accessdate=2007-03-26}}</ref> ''[[El Diario La Prensa]]'' is New York's largest Spanish-language daily and the oldest in the nation.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=e4526a43cc213775795cc84762fce768 | title = el diario/La Prensa: The Nation's Oldest Spanish-Language Daily| date = [[July 27]] [[2005]] | publisher = New America Media | accessdate = 2007-06-09}}</ref> ''[[The New York Amsterdam News]]'', published in Harlem, is a prominent African-American newspaper. ''[[The Village Voice]]'' is the largest [[alternative newspaper]].

Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' and ''[[The New York Times]]''. Major tabloid newspapers in the city include ''[[Daily News (New York)|The New York Daily News]]'' and ''[[New York Post|The New York Post]]'', founded in 1801 by [[Alexander Hamilton]]. The city also has a major ethnic press, with 270 newspapers and magazines published in more than 40 languages.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ethnic Press Booms In New York City |publisher=Editor & Publisher |date=[[July 10]], [[2002]] |url=http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1538594 |accessdate=2007-03-26}}</ref> ''[[El Diario La Prensa]]'' is New York's largest Spanish-language daily and the oldest in the nation.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=e4526a43cc213775795cc84762fce768 | title = el diario/La Prensa: The Nation's Oldest Spanish-Language Daily| date = [[July 27]] [[2005]] | publisher = New America Media | accessdate = 2007-06-09}}</ref> ''[[The New York Amsterdam News]]'', published in Harlem, is a prominent African-American newspaper. ''[[The Village Voice]]'' is the largest [[alternative newspaper]].

The television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The four major American broadcast networks, [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], [[CBS]], [[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]] and [[NBC]], are all headquartered in New York. Many cable channels are based in the city as well, including [[MTV]], [[Fox News Channel|Fox News]], [[HBO]] and [[Comedy Central]]. In 2005, there were more than 100 television shows taped in New York City.<ref>{{cite press release |title=2005 is banner year for production in New York |publisher=The City of New York Mayor's Office of Film, Theater and Broadcasting |date=[[December 28]], [[2005]] |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/film/html/news/010106_2005_banner_year.shtml |accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref>

The television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The four major American broadcast networks, [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], [[CBS]], [[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]] and [[NBC]], are all headquartered in New York. Many cable channels are based in the city as well, including [[MTV]], [[Fox News Channel|Fox News]], [[HBO]] and [[Comedy Central]]. In 2005, there were more than 100 television shows taped in New York City.<ref>{{cite press release |title=2005 is banner year for production in New York |publisher=The City of New York Mayor's Office of Film, Theater and Broadcasting |date=[[December 28]], [[2005]] |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/film/html/news/010106_2005_banner_year.shtml |accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref>

*[http://www.nycvisit.com/ NYCvisit.com] - Official tourism website of New York City

*[http://www.nycvisit.com/ NYCvisit.com] - Official tourism website of New York City

*[http://nymag.com New York Magazine]

*[http://nymag.com New York Magazine]

*[http://www.nyc.gov/citymap NYCityMap] - Interactive Map of New York City - includes subway stations and entrances

**[http://www.nyc.gov/citymap NYCityMap] - Interactive Map of New York City - includes subway stations and entrances

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]