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|author = Bridges, William | title = Map Of The City Of New York And Island Of Manhattan With Explanatory Remarks And References |date=1811}}; Lankevich (1998), pp. 67–68.</ref> By 1835, New York City had surpassed [[Philadelphia]] as the largest city in the United States. Local politics fell under the domination of [[Tammany Hall]], a [[political machine]] supported by Irish immigrants.<ref>{{cite book |title=Fernando Wood: A Political Biography |author=Mushkat, Jerome Mushkat |publisher=Kent State University Press |year=1990 |pages=p. 36 |isbn=087338413X}}</ref> Public-minded members of the old merchant aristocracy lobbied for the establishment of [[Central Park]], which became the first landscaped park in an American city in 1857. A significant free-black population also existed in Manhattan, as well as in Brooklyn. Slaves had been held in New York through 1827, but during the 1830s New York became the center of interracial abolitionist activism in the North.  

|author = Bridges, William | title = Map Of The City Of New York And Island Of Manhattan With Explanatory Remarks And References |date=1811}}; Lankevich (1998), pp. 67–68.</ref> By 1835, New York City had surpassed [[Philadelphia]] as the largest city in the United States. Local politics fell under the domination of [[Tammany Hall]], a [[political machine]] supported by Irish immigrants.<ref>{{cite book |title=Fernando Wood: A Political Biography |author=Mushkat, Jerome Mushkat |publisher=Kent State University Press |year=1990 |pages=p. 36 |isbn=087338413X}}</ref> Public-minded members of the old merchant aristocracy lobbied for the establishment of [[Central Park]], which became the first landscaped park in an American city in 1857. A significant free-black population also existed in Manhattan, as well as in Brooklyn. Slaves had been held in New York through 1827, but during the 1830s New York became the center of interracial abolitionist activism in the North.  

Anger at military conscription during the [[American Civil War]] (1861–1865) led to the [[New York Draft Riots|Draft Riots of 1863]], one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Armies of the Streets: The New York City Draft Riots of 1863 |author=Cook, Adrian |year=1974 |pages=pp. 193-195}}</ref> In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then an independent city), Manhattan and municipalities in the other boroughs.<ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/nyc100/html/classroom/hist_info/100aniv.html The 100 Year Anniversary of the Consolidation of the 5 Boroughs into New York City], New York City. Accessed [[June 29]], [[2007]].</ref> The opening of the New York City Subway in 1904 helped bind the new city together. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication. However, this development did not come without a price.  In 1904, the steamship [[General Slocum]] caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people on board.  In 1911, the [[Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire]], the city's worst industrial disaster, took the lives of 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the [[International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union]] and major improvements in factory safety standards.<ref name="cornell1">{{cite web |url=http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/trianglefire/ |title=Cornell University Library: Triangle Factory Fire |publisher=Cornell University |accessdate=2007-03-12}}</ref>

Anger at military conscription during the [[American Civil War]] (1861–1865) led to the [[New York Draft Riots|Draft Riots of 1863]], one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Armies of the Streets: The New York City Draft Riots of 1863 |author=Cook, Adrian |year=1974 |pages=pp. 193-195}}</ref> In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then an independent city), Manhattan and municipalities in the other boroughs.<ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/nyc100/html/classroom/hist_info/100aniv.html The 100 Year Anniversary of the Consolidation of the 5 Boroughs into New York City], New York City. Accessed [[June 29]], [[2007]].</ref> The opening of the New York City Subway in 1904 helped bind the new city together. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication. However, this development did not come without a price.  In 1904, the steamship [[General Slocum]] caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people on board.  In 1911, the [[Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire]], the city's worst industrial disaster, took the lives of 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the [[International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union]] and major improvements in factory safety standards.<ref name="cornell1">{{cite web |url=http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/trianglefire/ |title=Cornell University Library: Triangle Factory Fire  

 

In the 1920s, New York City was a major destination for [[African American]]s during the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] from the American South. By 1916, New York City was home to the largest urban African diaspora in North America. The [[Harlem Renaissance]] flourished during the era of [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]], coincident with a larger economic boom that saw the skyline develop with the construction of competing [[skyscraper]]s. New York City became the most populous city in the world in 1948, overtaking [[London]], which had reigned for over a century. The difficult years of the [[Great Depression]] saw the election of reformer [[Fiorello H. LaGuardia|Fiorello LaGuardia]] as mayor and the fall of [[Tammany Hall]] after eighty years of political dominance.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Tiger – The Rise and Fall of Tammany Hall |author=Allen, Oliver E. |publisher=Addison-Wesley Publishing Company |accessdate=2007-05-25 |chapter=Chapter 9: The Decline |date=1993}}</ref>

In the 1920s, New York City was a major destination for [[African American]]s during the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] from the American South. By 1916, New York City was home to the largest urban African diaspora in North America. The [[Harlem Renaissance]] flourished during the era of [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]], coincident with a larger economic boom that saw the skyline develop with the construction of competing [[skyscraper]]s. New York City became the most populous city in the world in 1948, overtaking [[London]], which had reigned for over a century. The difficult years of the [[Great Depression]] saw the election of reformer [[Fiorello H. LaGuardia|Fiorello LaGuardia]] as mayor and the fall of [[Tammany Hall]] after eighty years of political dominance.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Tiger – The Rise and Fall of Tammany Hall |author=Allen, Oliver E. |publisher=Addison-Wesley Publishing Company |accessdate=2007-05-25 |chapter=Chapter 9: The Decline |date=1993}}</ref>