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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1643]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1643]

==Definition==

==Definition==

*1: the principles or [[practice]] of passive submission to constituted [[authority]] even when unjust or [[oppressive]]; also : the principle or practice of not resisting [[violence]] by [[force]]

*1: the principles or [[practice]] of passive submission to constituted [[authority]] even when unjust or [[oppressive]]; also : the principle or practice of not resisting [[violence]] by [[force]]

==Description==

==Description==

'''Nonresistance''' (or non-resistance) is a [[philosophy]] and [[strategy]] for [[social]] [[change]] that discourages [[physical]] [[resistance]] to an [[enemy]]. It is considered as a subdivision of [[nonviolence]]. Practitioners of nonresistance may refuse to retaliate against an [[opponent]] or offer any form of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-defense self-defense]. In the modern times, this has been used as a [[tool]] for [[social]] [[protest]]. A well known example is the nonviolent resistance movement led by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Gandhi Mohandas Gandhi] in the struggle for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence Indian Independence].

'''Nonresistance''' (or non-resistance) is a [[philosophy]] and [[strategy]] for [[social]] [[change]] that discourages [[physical]] [[resistance]] to an [[enemy]]. It is considered as a subdivision of [[nonviolence]]. Practitioners of nonresistance may refuse to retaliate against an [[opponent]] or offer any form of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-defense self-defense]. In the modern times, this has been used as a [[tool]] for [[social]] [[protest]]. A well known example is the nonviolent resistance movement led by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Gandhi Mohandas Gandhi] in the struggle for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence Indian Independence].

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Nonresistance''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Nonresistance '''''this link'''''].</center>

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Nonresistance''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Nonresistance '''''this link'''''].</center>

==History==

==History==

Perhaps the oldest recorded [[statement]] of nonresistance [[philosophy]] is that of [[Socrates]] around 399 BC. An influential ancient Greek philosopher, Socrates was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_of_Socrates sentenced to death] by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenian_democracy Athenian democracy] for teaching his [[students]] to question [[authority]] and [[think]] for themselves. [[Socrates]] accepted his fate on reasons of [[morality]] and [[justice]], rather than [[accept]] help from his supporters to flee [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Athens Athens] and escape execution. There are few if any other accounts of nonresistance which have been so [[influential]] throughout the history of the [[Western world]].

Perhaps the oldest recorded [[statement]] of nonresistance [[philosophy]] is that of [[Socrates]] around 399 BC. An influential ancient Greek philosopher, Socrates was [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_of_Socrates sentenced to death] by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenian_democracy Athenian democracy] for teaching his [[students]] to question [[authority]] and [[think]] for themselves. [[Socrates]] accepted his fate on reasons of [[morality]] and [[justice]], rather than [[accept]] help from his supporters to flee [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Athens Athens] and escape execution. There are few if any other accounts of nonresistance which have been so [[influential]] throughout the history of the [[Western world]].

The term nonresistance was later used to refer to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Established_Church Established Church] during the religious troubles in England following the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Civil_War English Civil War] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1701 Protestant Succession]. In the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabaptism Anabaptist churches], the term is defined in [[contrast]] with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacifism pacifism]. Advocates of non-resistance view pacifism as a more [[liberal]] [[theology]] since it advocates only [[physical]] nonviolence and allows its followers to actively [[oppose]] an enemy. In the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_century 20th century], there has been [[differences]] of [[opinion]] between and within [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amish Amish] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonite Mennonite] churches, as they disagreed on the ethics of nonresistance and pacifism.

The term nonresistance was later used to refer to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Established_Church Established Church] during the religious troubles in England following the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Civil_War English Civil War] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1701 Protestant Succession]. In the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabaptism Anabaptist churches], the term is defined in [[contrast]] with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacifism pacifism]. Advocates of non-resistance view pacifism as a more [[liberal]] [[theology]] since it advocates only [[physical]] nonviolence and allows its followers to actively [[oppose]] an enemy. In the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_century 20th century], there has been [[differences]] of [[opinion]] between and within [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amish Amish] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonite Mennonite] churches, as they disagreed on the ethics of nonresistance and pacifism.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy Leo Tolstoy], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adin_Ballou Adin Ballou] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Gandhi Mohandas Gandhi] were notable advocates of nonresistance. However, Gandhi's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyagraha Satyagraha] movement did not believe in using non-resistance as an [[alternative]] to [[cowardice]]. 'I do believe,' he wrote, 'that where there is only a choice between cowardice and [[violence]], I would advise violence.'"[1]

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy Leo Tolstoy], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adin_Ballou Adin Ballou] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Gandhi Mohandas Gandhi] were notable advocates of nonresistance. However, Gandhi's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyagraha Satyagraha] movement did not believe in using non-resistance as an [[alternative]] to [[cowardice]]. 'I do believe,' he wrote, 'that where there is only a choice between cowardice and [[violence]], I would advise violence.'"[1]

==Christian theology==

==Christian theology==

[[Christian]] nonresistance is based on a reading of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount Sermon on the Mount], in which [[Jesus]] says, :"But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also... [[Love]] your enemies and [[pray]] for those who persecute you ...".[2]

[[Christian]] nonresistance is based on a reading of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount Sermon on the Mount], in which [[Jesus]] says, :"But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also... [[Love]] your enemies and [[pray]] for those who persecute you ...".[2]

Members of the Anabaptist (Mennonite, Amish, Hutterite and Schwarzenau Brethren/German Baptist) denominations and other peace churches like the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaker Quakers] have [[interpreted]] this passage to mean that Christians should do nothing to [[physically]] resist an enemy. According to this [[belief]], only [[God]] has the [[right]] to [[execute]] [[punishments]]. Non-resistance Christians note that [[sacrificial]] [[love]] of [[Jesus]] resulted in his submission to [[crucifixion]] rather than [[vengeance]].

Members of the Anabaptist (Mennonite, Amish, Hutterite and Schwarzenau Brethren/German Baptist) denominations and other peace churches like the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaker Quakers] have [[interpreted]] this passage to mean that Christians should do nothing to [[physically]] resist an enemy. According to this [[belief]], only [[God]] has the [[right]] to [[execute]] [[punishments]]. Non-resistance Christians note that [[sacrificial]] [[love]] of [[Jesus]] resulted in his submission to [[crucifixion]] rather than [[vengeance]].

==Footnotes==

==Footnotes==

# R. K. Prabhu & U. R. Rao, editors; from section “Between Cowardice and Violence,” of the book The Mind of Mohandas Gandhi, Ahemadabad, India, Revised Edition, 1967.

# R. K. Prabhu & U. R. Rao, editors; from section “Between Cowardice and Violence,” of the book The Mind of Mohandas Gandhi, Ahemadabad, India, Revised Edition, 1967.

# [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Gospel_of_matthew#Chapter_5 Matthew 5]

# [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Gospel_of_matthew#Chapter_5 Matthew 5]

[[Category: Religion]]

[[Category: Religion]]

[[Category: Political Science]]

[[Category: Political Science]]