Changes

===5.  [[Conservative]] or traditionalist===

===5.  [[Conservative]] or traditionalist===

Because oral societies have no effective access to writing and print technologies, they must invest considerable energy in basic [[information management]].  Storage of information, being primarily dependent on individual or collective recall, must be handled with particular thrift.  It is possible to approximately measure oral residue “from the amount of memorization the culture’s educational procedures require.”<ref>Jack Goody, cited in his introduction to Jack Goody (ed.)  ''Literacy in traditional societies'', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1968, pp. 13-14.

Because oral societies have no effective access to writing and print technologies, they must invest considerable energy in basic [[information management]].  Storage of information, being primarily dependent on individual or collective recall, must be handled with particular thrift.  It is possible to approximately measure oral residue “from the amount of memorization the culture’s educational procedures require.” Jack Goody, cited in his introduction to Jack Goody (ed.)  ''Literacy in traditional societies'', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1968, pp. 13-14.

This creates incentives to avoid exploring new ideas and particularly to avoid the burden of having to store them.  It does not prevent oral societies from demonstrating dynamism and change, but there is a premium on ensuring that changes cleave to traditional formulas, and “are presented as fitting the traditions of the ancestors.” <ref>Walter J. Ong.  ''Orality and Literacy'', pp. 42.  

This creates incentives to avoid exploring new ideas and particularly to avoid the burden of having to store them.  It does not prevent oral societies from demonstrating dynamism and change, but there is a premium on ensuring that changes cleave to traditional formulas, and “are presented as fitting the traditions of the ancestors.” Walter J. Ong.  ''Orality and Literacy'', pp. 42.

===6.  Close to the human lifeworld===

===6.  Close to the human lifeworld===