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41:0.1 The characteristic [[space]] [[phenomenon]] which sets off each [[local creation]] from all others is the [[presence]] of the [[Creative Spirit]]. All [[Nebadon]] is certainly pervaded by the [[space]] [[presence]] of the [[Divine Minister]] of [[Salvington]], and such [[presence]] just as certainly terminates at the outer borders of our [[local universe]]. That which is pervaded by our local universe [[Mother Spirit]] is [[Nebadon]]; that which extends beyond her [[space]] [[presence]] is outside [[Nebadon]], being the extra-Nebadon space regions of the [[superuniverse]] of [[Orvonton]]—other local universes.

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41:0.2 While the [[administrative]] [[organization]] of the [[grand universe]] discloses a clear-cut division between the [[governments]] of the [[Havona|central]], [[Superuniverse|super-]], and [[local universes]], and while these divisions are [[astronomically]] [[paralleled]] in the space [[separation]] of Havona and the [[seven superuniverses]], no such clear lines of [[physical]] demarcation set off the [[local creations]]. Even the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_15#15:13._THE_SECTOR_GOVERNMENTS major and minor sectors] of [[Orvonton]] are (to us) clearly distinguishable, but it is not so easy to identify the [[physical]] boundaries of the [[local universes]]. This is because these local [[creations]] are [[administratively]] organized in accordance with certain [[creative]] principles governing the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_15#15:8._ENERGY_CONTROL_AND_REGULATION segmentation] of the [[total]] [[energy]] charge of a [[superuniverse]], whereas their [[physical]] components, the [[spheres]] of [[space]]—[[suns]], [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole dark islands], [[planets]], etc.—take [[origin]] primarily from [[nebulae]], and these make their [[astronomical]] [[appearance]] in accordance with certain precreative ([[transcendental]]) plans of the [[Architects of the Master Universe]].

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41:0.2 While the [[administrative]] [[organization]] of the [[grand universe]] discloses a clear-cut division between the [[governments]] of the [[Havona|central]], [[Superuniverse|super-]], and [[local universes]], and while these divisions are [[astronomically]] [[paralleled]] in the space [[separation]] of Havona and the [[seven superuniverses]], no such clear lines of [[physical]] demarcation set off the [[local creations]]. Even the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_15#15:13._THE_SECTOR_GOVERNMENTS major and minor sectors] of [[Orvonton]] are (to us) clearly distinguishable, but it is not so easy to identify the [[physical]] boundaries of the [[local universes]]. This is because these local [[creations]] are [[administratively]] organized in accordance with certain [[creative]] principles governing the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_15#15:8._ENERGY_CONTROL_AND_REGULATION segmentation] of the [[total]] [[energy]] charge of a [[superuniverse]], whereas their [[physical]] components, the [[spheres]] of [[space]]—[[suns]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole dark islands], [[planets]], etc.—take [[origin]] primarily from [[nebulae]], and these make their [[astronomical]] [[appearance]] in accordance with certain precreative ([[transcendental]]) plans of the [[Architects of the Master Universe]].

41:0.3 One or more—even many—such [[nebulae]] may be [[encompassed]] within the [[domain]] of a single [[local universe]] even as [[Nebadon]] was [[physically]] assembled out of the [[stellar]] and [[planetary]] [[progeny]] of [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_57#57:1._THE_ANDRONOVER_NEBULA Andronover] and other [[nebulae]]. The [[spheres]] of [[Nebadon]] are of [[diverse]] [[nebular]] [[ancestry]], but they all had a certain minimum commonness of [[space]] [[motion]] which was so adjusted by the [[intelligent]] efforts of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:1._THE_SEVEN_SUPREME_POWER_DIRECTORS power directors] as to produce our present aggregation of space bodies, which [[travel]] along [[together]] as a contiguous [[unit]] over the [[orbits]] of the [[superuniverse]].

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41:0.4 Such is the [[constitution]] of the local [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cloud star cloud] of [[Nebadon]], which today swings in an increasingly settled [[orbit]] about the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_%28constellation%29 Sagittarius] [[center]] of that [[Ensa|minor sector]] of [[Orvonton]] to which our local creation belongs.

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41:0.4 Such is the [[constitution]] of the local [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cloud star cloud] of [[Nebadon]], which today swings in an increasingly settled [[orbit]] about the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_%28constellation%29 Sagittarius] [[center]] of that [[Ensa|minor sector]] of [[Orvonton]] to which our local creation belongs.

==41:1. THE NEBADON POWER CENTERS==

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41:1.1 The [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_nebula spiral] and other [[nebulae]], the mother wheels of the [[spheres]] of [[space]], are [[initiated]] by [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:5._THE_MASTER_FORCE_ORGANIZERS Paradise force organizers]; and following [[nebular]] [[evolution]] of [[gravity]] [[response]], they are superseded in [[superuniverse]] [[function]] by the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS power centers] and [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS physical controllers], who thereupon assume full [[responsibility]] for directing the [[physical]] [[evolution]] of the ensuing [[generations]] of [[stellar]] and [[planetary]] [[offspring]]. This [[physical]] supervision of the [[Nebadon]] preuniverse was, upon the arrival of our [[Creator Son]], [[immediately]] [[co-ordinated]] with his [[plan]] for [[universe]] [[organization]]. Within the [[domain]] of this [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_20 Paradise Son of God] the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS Supreme Power Centers] and the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS Master Physical Controllers] [[collaborated]] with the later appearing [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_48#48:2._MORONTIA_POWER_SUPERVISORS Morontia Power Supervisors] and others to produce that vast [[complex]] of [[communication]] lines, [[energy]] [[circuits]], and [[power]] lanes which firmly bind the manifold [[space]] [[bodies]] of [[Nebadon]] into one [[integrated]] [[administrative]] [[unit]].

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41:1.1 The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_nebula spiral] and other [[nebulae]], the mother wheels of the [[spheres]] of [[space]], are [[initiated]] by [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:5._THE_MASTER_FORCE_ORGANIZERS Paradise force organizers]; and following [[nebular]] [[evolution]] of [[gravity]] [[response]], they are superseded in [[superuniverse]] [[function]] by the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS power centers] and [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS physical controllers], who thereupon assume full [[responsibility]] for directing the [[physical]] [[evolution]] of the ensuing [[generations]] of [[stellar]] and [[planetary]] [[offspring]]. This [[physical]] supervision of the [[Nebadon]] preuniverse was, upon the arrival of our [[Creator Son]], [[immediately]] [[co-ordinated]] with his [[plan]] for [[universe]] [[organization]]. Within the [[domain]] of this [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_20 Paradise Son of God] the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS Supreme Power Centers] and the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS Master Physical Controllers] [[collaborated]] with the later appearing [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_48#48:2._MORONTIA_POWER_SUPERVISORS Morontia Power Supervisors] and others to produce that vast [[complex]] of [[communication]] lines, [[energy]] [[circuits]], and [[power]] lanes which firmly bind the manifold [[space]] [[bodies]] of [[Nebadon]] into one [[integrated]] [[administrative]] [[unit]].

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41:1.2 One hundred [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS Supreme Power Centers] of the fourth order are [[permanently]] assigned to our [[local universe]]. These [[beings]] receive the incoming lines of [[power]] from the third-order centers of [[Uversa]] and relay the down-stepped and modified [[circuits]] to the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS power centers] of our [[constellations]] and [[systems]]. These [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS power centers], in [[association]], [[function]] to produce the living [[system]] of [[control]] and [[equalization]] which operates to [[maintain]] the [[balance]] and [[distribution]] of otherwise fluctuating and variable [[energies]]. [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS Power centers] are not, however, concerned with [[transient]] and local [[energy]] upheavals, such as [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_spots sun spots] and system [[electric]] [[Turbulence|disturbances]]; [[light]] and [[electricity]] are not the basic [[energies]] of [[space]]; they are secondary and subsidiary [[manifestations]].

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41:1.2 One hundred [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS Supreme Power Centers] of the fourth order are [[permanently]] assigned to our [[local universe]]. These [[beings]] receive the incoming lines of [[power]] from the third-order centers of [[Uversa]] and relay the down-stepped and modified [[circuits]] to the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS power centers] of our [[constellations]] and [[systems]]. These [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS power centers], in [[association]], [[function]] to produce the living [[system]] of [[control]] and [[equalization]] which operates to [[maintain]] the [[balance]] and [[distribution]] of otherwise fluctuating and variable [[energies]]. [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS Power centers] are not, however, concerned with [[transient]] and local [[energy]] upheavals, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_spots sun spots] and system [[electric]] [[Turbulence|disturbances]]; [[light]] and [[electricity]] are not the basic [[energies]] of [[space]]; they are secondary and subsidiary [[manifestations]].

41:1.3 The one hundred [[local universe]] [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS centers] are stationed on [[Salvington]], where they [[function]] at the exact [[energy]] [[center]] of that [[sphere]]. [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_15#15:7._THE_ARCHITECTURAL_SPHERES Architectural spheres], such as [[Salvington]], [[Edentia]], and [[Jerusem]], are [[light]]ed, [[heat]]ed, and [[Energy|energized]] by [[methods]] which make them quite [[independent]] of the [[suns]] of [[space]]. These [[spheres]] were constructed—made to order—by the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:3._THE_DOMAIN_OF_POWER_CENTERS power centers] and [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS physical controllers] and were [[designed]] to exert a [[powerful]] [[influence]] over [[energy]] [[distribution]]. Basing their [[activities]] on such [[focal point]]s of [[energy]] [[control]], the [[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS power centers], by their living [[presences]], directionize and [[channel]]ize the [[physical]] [[energies]] of [[space]]. And these [[energy]] [[circuits]] are basic to all [[physical]]-[[material]] and [[morontia]]-[[spiritual]] [[phenomena]].

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41:1.4 Ten [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29_-_The_Universe_Power_Directors#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS Supreme Power Centers] of the fifth order are assigned to each of [[Nebadon]]'s primary subdivisions, the one hundred [[constellations]]. In [[Norlatiadek]], your [[constellation]], they are not stationed on the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_43#43:1._THE_CONSTELLATION_HEADQUARTERS headquarters sphere] but are situated at the [[center]] of the enormous [[stellar]] [[system]] which [[constitutes]] the [[physical]] core of the [[constellation]]. On [[Edentia]] there are ten [[associated]] [[mechanical]] [[control]]lers and ten [[frandalanks]] who are in [[perfect]] and constant [[liaison]] with the near-by [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29_-_The_Universe_Power_Directors#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS power centers].

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41:1.5 One [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS Supreme Power Center] of the sixth order is stationed at the exact [[gravity]] [[focus]] of each [[local system]]. In the system of [[Satania]] the assigned [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS power center] occupies a [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole dark island of space] located at the [[astronomic]] [[center]] of the system. Many of these [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole dark islands] are vast dynamos which mobilize and directionize certain [[space]]-[[energies]], and these [[natural]] circumstances are [[effectively]] utilized by the [[Satania]] Power Center, whose living [[mass]] [[functions]] as a [[liaison]] with the higher centers, directing the streams of more [[materialized]] [[power]] to the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS Master Physical Controllers] on the [[evolutionary]] [[planets]] of [[space]].

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41:1.5 One [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS Supreme Power Center] of the sixth order is stationed at the exact [[gravity]] [[focus]] of each [[local system]]. In the system of [[Satania]] the assigned [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS power center] occupies a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole dark island of space] located at the [[astronomic]] [[center]] of the system. Many of these [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole dark islands] are vast dynamos which mobilize and directionize certain [[space]]-[[energies]], and these [[natural]] circumstances are [[effectively]] utilized by the [[Satania]] Power Center, whose living [[mass]] [[functions]] as a [[liaison]] with the higher centers, directing the streams of more [[materialized]] [[power]] to the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS Master Physical Controllers] on the [[evolutionary]] [[planets]] of [[space]].

==41:2. THE SATANIA PHYSICAL CONTROLLERS==

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41:2.1 While the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS Master Physical Controllers] serve with the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS power centers] throughout the [[grand universe]], their [[functions]] in a [[local system]], such as [[Satania]], are more easy of [[comprehension]]. [[Satania]] is one of one hundred [[local system]]s which make up the [[administrative]] [[organization]] of the [[constellation]] of [[Norlatiadek]], having as [[immediate]] neighbors the systems of Sandmatia, Assuntia, Porogia, Sortoria, Rantulia, and Glantonia. The [[Norlatiadek]] systems differ in many respects, but all are [[evolutionary]] and [[progressive]], very much like [[Satania]].

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41:2.2 [[Satania]] itself is [[composed]] of over seven thousand [[astronomical]] [[groups]], or [[physical]] [[systems]], few of which had an [[origin]] similar to that of your [[solar system]]. The [[astronomic]] [[center]] of [[Satania]] is an enormous [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole dark island of space] which, with its attendant [[spheres]], is situated not far from the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_46 headquarters] of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_45 system government].

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41:2.2 [[Satania]] itself is [[composed]] of over seven thousand [[astronomical]] [[groups]], or [[physical]] [[systems]], few of which had an [[origin]] similar to that of your [[solar system]]. The [[astronomic]] [[center]] of [[Satania]] is an enormous [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole dark island of space] which, with its attendant [[spheres]], is situated not far from the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_46 headquarters] of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_45 system government].

41:2.3 Except for the [[presence]] of the assigned power center, the supervision of the entire [[physical]]-[[energy]] system of [[Satania]] is [[centered]] on [[Jerusem]]. A [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS Master Physical Controller], stationed on this [[headquarters]] [[sphere]], [[works]] in [[co-ordination]] with the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS system power center], serving as [[liaison]] chief of the power inspectors headquartered on [[Jerusem]] and functioning throughout the [[local system]].

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41:2.4 The circuitizing and [[Channel|channelizing]] of [[energy]] is supervised by the five hundred thousand living and [[intelligent]] [[energy]] [[manipulators]] scattered throughout [[Satania]]. Through the [[action]] of such [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS physical controllers] the supervising power centers are in complete and [[perfect]] [[control]] of a [[majority]] of the basic [[energies]] of [[space]], including the emanations of highly [[heated]] [[orbs]] and the dark energy-charged spheres. This group of living [[entities]] can mobilize, [[transform]], transmute, [[manipulate]], and transmit nearly all of the [[physical]] [[energies]] of [[organized]] [[space]].

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41:2.5 Life has [[inherent]] capacity for the mobilization and [[transmutation]] of [[universal]] [[energy]]. You are familiar with the [[action]] of vegetable life in [[transforming]] the [[material]] [[energy]] of [[light]] [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis into the varied manifestations of the vegetable kingdom]. You also know something of the [[method]] whereby this vegetative [[energy]] can be converted into the [[phenomena]] of [[animal]] [[activities]], but you know [[practically]] nothing of the [[technique]] of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:1._THE_SEVEN_SUPREME_POWER_DIRECTORS power directors] and the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS physical controllers], who are [[endowed]] with [[ability]] to mobilize, [[transform]], directionize, and [[concentrate]] the manifold [[energies]] of [[space]].

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41:2.5 Life has [[inherent]] capacity for the mobilization and [[transmutation]] of [[universal]] [[energy]]. You are familiar with the [[action]] of vegetable life in [[transforming]] the [[material]] [[energy]] of [[light]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis into the varied manifestations of the vegetable kingdom]. You also know something of the [[method]] whereby this vegetative [[energy]] can be converted into the [[phenomena]] of [[animal]] [[activities]], but you know [[practically]] nothing of the [[technique]] of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:1._THE_SEVEN_SUPREME_POWER_DIRECTORS power directors] and the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS physical controllers], who are [[endowed]] with [[ability]] to mobilize, [[transform]], directionize, and [[concentrate]] the manifold [[energies]] of [[space]].

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41:2.6 These [[beings]] of the [[energy]] realms do not directly concern themselves with energy as a component [[factor]] of living [[creatures]], not even with the [[domain]] of [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology physiological] [[chemistry]]. They are sometimes concerned with the [[physical]] preliminaries of life, with the elaboration of those [[energy]] [[systems]] which may serve as the [[physical]] vehicles for the living energies of elementary [[material]] [[organisms]]. In a way the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS physical controllers] are related to the preliving [[manifestations]] of [[material]] [[energy]] as the [[adjutant mind-spirits]] are concerned with the prespiritual [[functions]] of [[material]] [[mind]].

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41:2.6 These [[beings]] of the [[energy]] realms do not directly concern themselves with energy as a component [[factor]] of living [[creatures]], not even with the [[domain]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology physiological] [[chemistry]]. They are sometimes concerned with the [[physical]] preliminaries of life, with the elaboration of those [[energy]] [[systems]] which may serve as the [[physical]] vehicles for the living energies of elementary [[material]] [[organisms]]. In a way the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS physical controllers] are related to the preliving [[manifestations]] of [[material]] [[energy]] as the [[adjutant mind-spirits]] are concerned with the prespiritual [[functions]] of [[material]] [[mind]].

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41:2.7 These [[intelligent]] [[creatures]] of [[power]] [[control]] and energy direction must adjust their [[technique]] on each [[sphere]] in accordance with the [[physical]] [[constitution]] and [[architecture]] of that [[planet]]. They unfailingly utilize the [[calculation]]s and [[deductions]] of their respective staffs of [[physicists]] and other technical advisers regarding the local [[influence]] of highly heated [[suns]] and other [[types]] of [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-energy_astronomy supercharged] [[stars]]. Even the enormous cold and [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_nebula dark giants] of [[space]] and the swarming clouds of star dust must be reckoned with; all of these [[material]] [[things]] are concerned in the [[practical]] [[problems]] of [[energy]] [[manipulation]].

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41:2.7 These [[intelligent]] [[creatures]] of [[power]] [[control]] and energy direction must adjust their [[technique]] on each [[sphere]] in accordance with the [[physical]] [[constitution]] and [[architecture]] of that [[planet]]. They unfailingly utilize the [[calculation]]s and [[deductions]] of their respective staffs of [[physicists]] and other technical advisers regarding the local [[influence]] of highly heated [[suns]] and other [[types]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-energy_astronomy supercharged] [[stars]]. Even the enormous cold and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_nebula dark giants] of [[space]] and the swarming clouds of star dust must be reckoned with; all of these [[material]] [[things]] are concerned in the [[practical]] [[problems]] of [[energy]] [[manipulation]].

41:2.8 The [[power]]-[[energy]] supervision of the [[evolutionary]] [[inhabited worlds]] is the [[responsibility]] of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS Master Physical Controllers], but these [[beings]] are not [[responsible]] for all [[energy]] misbehavior on [[Urantia]]. There are a [[number]] of reasons for such disturbances, some of which are beyond the [[domain]] and [[control]] of the physical custodians. [[Urantia]] is in the lines of tremendous [[energies]], a small [[planet]] in the [[circuit]] of enormous [[masses]], and the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS local controllers]] sometimes employ enormous [[numbers]] of their order in an [[effort]] to [[equalize]] these lines of [[energy]]. They do fairly well with regard to the [[physical]] [[circuits]] of [[Satania]] but have trouble [[insulating]] against the powerful [[Norlatiadek]] currents.

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==41:3. OUR STARRY ASSOCIATES==

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41:3.1 There are upward of two thousand brilliant [[suns]] pouring forth [[light]] and [[energy]] in [[Satania]], and your own sun is an average blazing orb. Of the thirty [[suns]] nearest yours, only three are brighter. The [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#PAPER_29:_THE_UNIVERSE_POWER_DIRECTORS Universe Power Directors] [[initiate]] the specialized currents of [[energy]] which [[play]] between the [[individual]] [[stars]] and their respective [[Solar System|systems]]. These solar furnaces, together with the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_holes dark giants] of space, serve the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS power centers] and [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS physical controllers] as way stations for the [[effective]] [[concentrating]] and directionizing of the [[energy]] [[circuits]] of the [[material]] [[creations]].

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41:3.1 There are upward of two thousand brilliant [[suns]] pouring forth [[light]] and [[energy]] in [[Satania]], and your own sun is an average blazing orb. Of the thirty [[suns]] nearest yours, only three are brighter. The [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#PAPER_29:_THE_UNIVERSE_POWER_DIRECTORS Universe Power Directors] [[initiate]] the specialized currents of [[energy]] which [[play]] between the [[individual]] [[stars]] and their respective [[Solar System|systems]]. These solar furnaces, together with the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_holes dark giants] of space, serve the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS power centers] and [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS physical controllers] as way stations for the [[effective]] [[concentrating]] and directionizing of the [[energy]] [[circuits]] of the [[material]] [[creations]].

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41:3.2 The [[suns]] of [[Nebadon]] are not unlike those of other [[universes]]. The [[material]] [[composition]] of all [[suns]], [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_holes dark islands][~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_star_%28Newtonian_mechanics%29], [[planets]], and [[satellites]], even [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteors meteors], is quite identical. These [[suns]] have an [[average]] [[diameter]] of about one million miles, that of your own solar [[orb]] being slightly less. The largest [[star]] in the [[universe]], the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud stellar cloud] [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antares Antares], is four hundred and fifty times the diameter of your sun and is sixty million times its volume. But there is [[abundant]] [[space]] to accommodate all of these enormous [[suns]]. They have just as much [[comparative]] [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium elbow room] in [[space]] as one dozen oranges would have if they were [[circulating]] about throughout the interior of [[Urantia]], and were the [[planet]] a hollow globe.

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41:3.2 The [[suns]] of [[Nebadon]] are not unlike those of other [[universes]]. The [[material]] [[composition]] of all [[suns]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_holes dark islands][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_star_%28Newtonian_mechanics%29], [[planets]], and [[satellites]], even [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteors meteors], is quite identical. These [[suns]] have an [[average]] [[diameter]] of about one million miles, that of your own solar [[orb]] being slightly less. The largest [[star]] in the [[universe]], the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud stellar cloud] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antares Antares], is four hundred and fifty times the diameter of your sun and is sixty million times its volume. But there is [[abundant]] [[space]] to accommodate all of these enormous [[suns]]. They have just as much [[comparative]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium elbow room] in [[space]] as one dozen oranges would have if they were [[circulating]] about throughout the interior of [[Urantia]], and were the [[planet]] a hollow globe.

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41:3.3 When [[suns]] that are too large are thrown off a [[nebular]] mother wheel, they soon break up or form [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double stars]. All suns are [[originally]] truly [[gaseous]], though they may later [[transiently]] exist in a semiliquid state. When your [[sun]] [[attained]] this quasi-liquid state of supergas pressure, it was not sufficiently large to split [[equator]]ially, this being one [[type]] of [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double star] formation.

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41:3.3 When [[suns]] that are too large are thrown off a [[nebular]] mother wheel, they soon break up or form [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double stars]. All suns are [[originally]] truly [[gaseous]], though they may later [[transiently]] exist in a semiliquid state. When your [[sun]] [[attained]] this quasi-liquid state of supergas pressure, it was not sufficiently large to split [[equator]]ially, this being one [[type]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double star] formation.

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41:3.4 When less than one tenth the size of your [[sun]], these fiery [[spheres]] rapidly contract, [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics condense], and cool. When upwards of thirty times its size—rather thirty times the gross [[content]] of [[actual]] [[material]]—[[suns]] readily split into two separate [[bodies]], either becoming the [[centers]] of new [[Solar System|systems]] or else remaining in each other's [[gravity]] grasp and revolving about a common center as one type of [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double star].

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41:3.4 When less than one tenth the size of your [[sun]], these fiery [[spheres]] rapidly contract, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics condense], and cool. When upwards of thirty times its size—rather thirty times the gross [[content]] of [[actual]] [[material]]—[[suns]] readily split into two separate [[bodies]], either becoming the [[centers]] of new [[Solar System|systems]] or else remaining in each other's [[gravity]] grasp and revolving about a common center as one type of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double star].

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41:3.5 The most recent of the major [[cosmic]] eruptions in [[Orvonton]] was the extraordinary [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double star] explosion, the [[light]] of which reached [[Urantia]] in [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1572 A.D. 1572]. This [[conflagration]] was so [[intense]] that the explosion was clearly [[visible]] in broad daylight.

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41:3.5 The most recent of the major [[cosmic]] eruptions in [[Orvonton]] was the extraordinary [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double star] explosion, the [[light]] of which reached [[Urantia]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1572 A.D. 1572]. This [[conflagration]] was so [[intense]] that the explosion was clearly [[visible]] in broad daylight.

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41:3.6 Not all [[stars]] are [[solid]], but many of the older ones are. Some of the reddish, faintly glimmering [[stars]] have acquired a [[density]] at the [[center]] of their enormous [[mass]]es which would be [[expressed]] by saying that one cubic inch of such a [[star]], if on [[Urantia]], would weigh six thousand pounds[~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion#Gravitational_confinement]. The enormous [[pressure]], accompanied by loss of [[heat]] and [[circulating]] [[energy]], has resulted in bringing the [[orbits]] of the basic [[material]] [[units]] closer and closer [[together]] until they now closely approach the [[status]] of electronic [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics condensation]. This [[process]] of cooling and contraction may continue to the limiting and critical explosion point of [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_42#6._ULTIMATONS.2C_ELECTRONS.2C_AND_ATOMS ultimatonic] [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics condensation].

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41:3.6 Not all [[stars]] are [[solid]], but many of the older ones are. Some of the reddish, faintly glimmering [[stars]] have acquired a [[density]] at the [[center]] of their enormous [[mass]]es which would be [[expressed]] by saying that one cubic inch of such a [[star]], if on [[Urantia]], would weigh six thousand pounds[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion#Gravitational_confinement]. The enormous [[pressure]], accompanied by loss of [[heat]] and [[circulating]] [[energy]], has resulted in bringing the [[orbits]] of the basic [[material]] [[units]] closer and closer [[together]] until they now closely approach the [[status]] of electronic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics condensation]. This [[process]] of cooling and contraction may continue to the limiting and critical explosion point of [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_42#6._ULTIMATONS.2C_ELECTRONS.2C_AND_ATOMS ultimatonic] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics condensation].

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41:3.7 Most of the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergiants giant suns] are [[relatively]] young; most of the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf dwarf stars] are old, but not all. The [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_star collisional dwarfs] may be very young and may [[glow]] with an [[intense]] [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf white light], never having known an initial red stage of youthful shining. Both very young and very old [[suns]] usually shine with a reddish [[glow]]. The yellow tinge indicates moderate youth or approaching old age, but the brilliant white light signifies robust and extended adult life.

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41:3.7 Most of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergiants giant suns] are [[relatively]] young; most of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf dwarf stars] are old, but not all. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_star collisional dwarfs] may be very young and may [[glow]] with an [[intense]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf white light], never having known an initial red stage of youthful shining. Both very young and very old [[suns]] usually shine with a reddish [[glow]]. The yellow tinge indicates moderate youth or approaching old age, but the brilliant white light signifies robust and extended adult life.

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41:3.8 While all adolescent suns do not pass through a pulsating stage, at least not visibly, when looking out into [[space]] you may [[observe]] many of these younger stars whose gigantic [[respiratory]] heaves require from two to seven days to complete a [[cycle]]. Your own [[sun]] still carries a diminishing [[legacy]] of the mighty upswellings of its younger days, but the period has lengthened from the former three and one-half day pulsations to the present eleven and one-half year [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspot_cycle sunspot cycles].

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41:3.8 While all adolescent suns do not pass through a pulsating stage, at least not visibly, when looking out into [[space]] you may [[observe]] many of these younger stars whose gigantic [[respiratory]] heaves require from two to seven days to complete a [[cycle]]. Your own [[sun]] still carries a diminishing [[legacy]] of the mighty upswellings of its younger days, but the period has lengthened from the former three and one-half day pulsations to the present eleven and one-half year [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspot_cycle sunspot cycles].

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41:3.9 [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_star Stellar variables] have numerous [[origins]]. In some [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double stars] the [[tides]] caused by rapidly changing distances as the two [[bodies]] swing around their orbits also occasion periodic fluctuations of [[light]]. These [[gravity]] variations produce regular and recurrent flares, just as the capture of [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteors meteors] by the [[accretion]] of [[energy]]-[[material]] at the [[surface]] would result in a comparatively sudden flash of [[light]] which would speedily recede to [[normal]] brightness for that [[sun]]. Sometimes a sun will capture a stream of [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteors meteors] in a line of lessened [[gravity]] [[opposition]], and occasionally collisions [[cause]] stellar flare-ups, but the [[majority]] of such [[phenomena]] are wholly due to internal fluctuations.

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41:3.9 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_star Stellar variables] have numerous [[origins]]. In some [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double stars] the [[tides]] caused by rapidly changing distances as the two [[bodies]] swing around their orbits also occasion periodic fluctuations of [[light]]. These [[gravity]] variations produce regular and recurrent flares, just as the capture of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteors meteors] by the [[accretion]] of [[energy]]-[[material]] at the [[surface]] would result in a comparatively sudden flash of [[light]] which would speedily recede to [[normal]] brightness for that [[sun]]. Sometimes a sun will capture a stream of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteors meteors] in a line of lessened [[gravity]] [[opposition]], and occasionally collisions [[cause]] stellar flare-ups, but the [[majority]] of such [[phenomena]] are wholly due to internal fluctuations.

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41:3.10 In one group of [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_star variable stars] the period of [[light]] fluctuation is directly dependent on [[luminosity]], and [[knowledge]] of this [[fact]] enables [[astronomers]] to utilize such [[suns]] as [[universe]] lighthouses or [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cepheid_variable accurate measuring points] for the further [[exploration]] of distant [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cluster star clusters]. By this [[technique]] it is possible to [[measure]] stellar distances most precisely up to more than one million [[light-years]]. Better [[methods]] of [[space]] [[measurement]] and improved [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope telescopic] [[technique]] will sometime more fully disclose the ten grand divisions of the [[superuniverse]] of [[Orvonton]]; you will at least recognize eight of these immense sectors as enormous and fairly [[symmetrical]] [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cluster star clusters].

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41:3.10 In one group of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_star variable stars] the period of [[light]] fluctuation is directly dependent on [[luminosity]], and [[knowledge]] of this [[fact]] enables [[astronomers]] to utilize such [[suns]] as [[universe]] lighthouses or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cepheid_variable accurate measuring points] for the further [[exploration]] of distant [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cluster star clusters]. By this [[technique]] it is possible to [[measure]] stellar distances most precisely up to more than one million [[light-years]]. Better [[methods]] of [[space]] [[measurement]] and improved [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope telescopic] [[technique]] will sometime more fully disclose the ten grand divisions of the [[superuniverse]] of [[Orvonton]]; you will at least recognize eight of these immense sectors as enormous and fairly [[symmetrical]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cluster star clusters].

==41:4. SUN DENSITY==

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41:4.1 The [[mass]] of your [[sun]] is slightly greater than the estimate of your [[physicists]], who have reckoned it as about two octillion (2 x 10 27[~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun] ) tons. It now exists about halfway between the most [[dense]] and the most [[diffuse]] [[stars]], having about one and one-half times the [[density]] of [[water]]. But your sun is neither a [[liquid]] nor a [[solid]]—it is [[gaseous]]—and this is true notwithstanding the [[difficulty]] of explaining how gaseous [[matter]] can [[attain]] this and even much greater [[densities]].

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41:4.1 The [[mass]] of your [[sun]] is slightly greater than the estimate of your [[physicists]], who have reckoned it as about two octillion (2 x 10 27[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun] ) tons. It now exists about halfway between the most [[dense]] and the most [[diffuse]] [[stars]], having about one and one-half times the [[density]] of [[water]]. But your sun is neither a [[liquid]] nor a [[solid]]—it is [[gaseous]]—and this is true notwithstanding the [[difficulty]] of explaining how gaseous [[matter]] can [[attain]] this and even much greater [[densities]].

41:4.2 [[Gaseous]], [[liquid]], and [[solid]] [[states]] are [[matter]]s of [[atom]]ic-[[molecular]] [[relationships]], but [[density]] is a [[relationship]] of [[space]] and [[mass]]. Density varies directly with the [[quantity]] of [[mass]] in [[space]] and [[inversely]] with the amount of [[space]] in [[mass]], the space between the [[central]] cores of [[matter]] and the [[particles]] which whirl around these centers as well as the [[space]] within such [[material]] [[particles]].

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41:4.3 Cooling stars[~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars#Designations] can be [[physically]] [[gaseous]] and tremendously [[dense]] at the same time. You are not familiar with the [[solar]] supergases[?], but these and other [[unusual]] [[forms]] of [[matter]] explain how even nonsolid [[suns]] can [[attain]] a [[density]] [[equal]] to iron—about the same as [[Urantia]]—and yet be in a highly [[heated]] [[gaseous]] [[state]] and continue to [[function]] as [[suns]]. The [[atoms]] in these dense supergases are exceptionally small; they contain few [[electrons]]. Such suns have also largely lost their free [[ultimatonic]] stores of [[energy]].

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41:4.3 Cooling stars[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars#Designations] can be [[physically]] [[gaseous]] and tremendously [[dense]] at the same time. You are not familiar with the [[solar]] supergases[?], but these and other [[unusual]] [[forms]] of [[matter]] explain how even nonsolid [[suns]] can [[attain]] a [[density]] [[equal]] to iron—about the same as [[Urantia]]—and yet be in a highly [[heated]] [[gaseous]] [[state]] and continue to [[function]] as [[suns]]. The [[atoms]] in these dense supergases are exceptionally small; they contain few [[electrons]]. Such suns have also largely lost their free [[ultimatonic]] stores of [[energy]].

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41:4.4 One of your near-by suns[~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri ?], which started life with about the same [[mass]] as yours, has now contracted almost to the size of [[Urantia]], having become sixty thousand times as dense as your sun. The [[weight]] of this hot-cold [[gaseous]]-[[solid]] is about one ton per cubic inch. And still this [[sun]] shines with a faint reddish [[glow]], the senile glimmer of a dying monarch of [[light]].

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41:4.4 One of your near-by suns[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri ?], which started life with about the same [[mass]] as yours, has now contracted almost to the size of [[Urantia]], having become sixty thousand times as dense as your sun. The [[weight]] of this hot-cold [[gaseous]]-[[solid]] is about one ton per cubic inch. And still this [[sun]] shines with a faint reddish [[glow]], the senile glimmer of a dying monarch of [[light]].

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41:4.5 Most of the [[suns]], however, are not so dense. One of your nearer neighbors[~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Centauri ?] has a [[density]] exactly [[equal]] to that of your [[atmosphere]] at sea level. If you were in the interior of this [[sun]], you would be unable to [[discern]] anything. And [[temperature]] permitting, you could penetrate the [[majority]] of the [[suns]] which twinkle in the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_sky night sky] and notice no more [[matter]] than you [[perceive]] in the air of your [[earthly]] living rooms.

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41:4.5 Most of the [[suns]], however, are not so dense. One of your nearer neighbors[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Centauri ?] has a [[density]] exactly [[equal]] to that of your [[atmosphere]] at sea level. If you were in the interior of this [[sun]], you would be unable to [[discern]] anything. And [[temperature]] permitting, you could penetrate the [[majority]] of the [[suns]] which twinkle in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_sky night sky] and notice no more [[matter]] than you [[perceive]] in the air of your [[earthly]] living rooms.

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41:4.6 The massive sun of ''Veluntia'', one of the largest in [[Orvonton]], has a [[density]] only one one-thousandth that of [[Urantia]]'s [[atmosphere]]. Were it in composition similar to your [[atmosphere]] and not [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheated superheated], it would be such a [[vacuum]] that [[human beings]] would speedily suffocate if they were in or on it.

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41:4.6 The massive sun of ''Veluntia'', one of the largest in [[Orvonton]], has a [[density]] only one one-thousandth that of [[Urantia]]'s [[atmosphere]]. Were it in composition similar to your [[atmosphere]] and not [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheated superheated], it would be such a [[vacuum]] that [[human beings]] would speedily suffocate if they were in or on it.

41:4.7 Another of the [[Orvonton]] giants now has a [[surface]] [[temperature]] a trifle under three thousand degrees. Its [[diameter]] is over three hundred million miles—ample room to [[accommodate]] your [[sun]] and the present [[orbit]] of the [[earth]]. And yet, for all this enormous size, over forty million times that of your sun, its [[mass]] is only about thirty times greater. These enormous suns have an extending fringe that reaches almost from one to the other.

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==41:5. SOLAR RADIATION==

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41:5.1 That the [[suns]] of [[space]] are not very [[dense]] is [[proved]] by the steady streams of escaping [[light]]-[[energies]]. Too great a [[density]] would retain light by [[opacity]] until the light-energy [[pressure]] reached the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosion_point explosion point]. There is a tremendous [[light]] or [[gas]] [[pressure]] within a [[sun]] to cause it to shoot forth such a stream of [[energy]] as to penetrate [[space]] for millions upon millions of miles to energize, [[light]], and [[heat]] the distant [[planets]]. Fifteen feet of [[surface]] of the [[density]] of [[Urantia]] would effectually prevent the escape of all [[X rays]] and light-energies from a [[sun]] until the rising internal [[pressure]] of accumulating [[energies]] resulting from [[atomic]] dismemberment overcame [[gravity]] with a tremendous outward [[explosion]].

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41:5.1 That the [[suns]] of [[space]] are not very [[dense]] is [[proved]] by the steady streams of escaping [[light]]-[[energies]]. Too great a [[density]] would retain light by [[opacity]] until the light-energy [[pressure]] reached the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosion_point explosion point]. There is a tremendous [[light]] or [[gas]] [[pressure]] within a [[sun]] to cause it to shoot forth such a stream of [[energy]] as to penetrate [[space]] for millions upon millions of miles to energize, [[light]], and [[heat]] the distant [[planets]]. Fifteen feet of [[surface]] of the [[density]] of [[Urantia]] would effectually prevent the escape of all [[X rays]] and light-energies from a [[sun]] until the rising internal [[pressure]] of accumulating [[energies]] resulting from [[atomic]] dismemberment overcame [[gravity]] with a tremendous outward [[explosion]].

41:5.2 [[Light]], in the [[presence]] of the [[propulsive]] [[gases]], is highly explosive when confined at high [[temperatures]] by [[opaque]] retaining walls. [[Light]] is [[real]]. As you [[value]] [[energy]] and [[power]] on your world, sunlight would be [[economical]] at a million dollars a pound.

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41:5.5 The [[X rays]] of a [[sun]]'s interior charge the highly [[heated]] and agitated [[electrons]] with sufficient [[energy]] to carry them out through [[space]], past the hosts of detaining [[influences]] of intervening [[matter]] and, in spite of [[divergent]] [[gravity]] [[attractions]], on to the distant [[spheres]] of the remote [[the System|systems]]. The great [[energy]] of [[velocity]] required to escape the [[gravity]] clutch of a sun is sufficient to insure that the sunbeam will [[travel]] on with unabated [[velocity]] until it encounters considerable [[masses]] of [[matter]]; whereupon it is quickly [[transformed]] into [[heat]] with the [[liberation]] of other [[energies]].

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41:5.6 [[Energy]], whether as [[light]] or in other [[forms]], in its flight through [[space]] moves straight forward. The [[actual]] [[particles]] of [[material]] [[existence]] traverse [[space]] like a [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusillade fusillade]. They go in a straight and unbroken line or [[procession]] except as they are [[acted]] on by superior [[forces]], and except as they ever [[obey]] the [[linear]]-[[gravity]] pull [[inherent]] in [[material]] [[mass]] and the circular-gravity [[presence]] of the [[Isle of Paradise]].

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41:5.6 [[Energy]], whether as [[light]] or in other [[forms]], in its flight through [[space]] moves straight forward. The [[actual]] [[particles]] of [[material]] [[existence]] traverse [[space]] like a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusillade fusillade]. They go in a straight and unbroken line or [[procession]] except as they are [[acted]] on by superior [[forces]], and except as they ever [[obey]] the [[linear]]-[[gravity]] pull [[inherent]] in [[material]] [[mass]] and the circular-gravity [[presence]] of the [[Isle of Paradise]].

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41:5.7 [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy Solar energy] may seem to be propelled in [[waves]], but that is due to the [[action]] of coexistent and [[diverse]] [[influences]]. A given [[form]] of [[organized]] [[energy]] does not [[proceed]] in [[waves]] but in direct [~~http~~://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line line]s. The [[presence]] of a second or a third [[form]] of [[force]]-[[energy]] may cause the stream under [[observation]] to [[appear]] to travel in wavy formation, just as, in a blinding rainstorm accompanied by a heavy [[wind]], the [[water]] sometimes appears to fall in sheets or to [[descend]] in [[waves]]. The raindrops are coming down in a direct [[line]] of unbroken [[procession]], but the [[action]] of the wind is such as to give the visible [[appearance]] of sheets of [[water]] and [[waves]] of raindrops.

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41:5.7 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy Solar energy] may seem to be propelled in [[waves]], but that is due to the [[action]] of coexistent and [[diverse]] [[influences]]. A given [[form]] of [[organized]] [[energy]] does not [[proceed]] in [[waves]] but in direct [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line line]s. The [[presence]] of a second or a third [[form]] of [[force]]-[[energy]] may cause the stream under [[observation]] to [[appear]] to travel in wavy formation, just as, in a blinding rainstorm accompanied by a heavy [[wind]], the [[water]] sometimes appears to fall in sheets or to [[descend]] in [[waves]]. The raindrops are coming down in a direct [[line]] of unbroken [[procession]], but the [[action]] of the wind is such as to give the visible [[appearance]] of sheets of [[water]] and [[waves]] of raindrops.

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41:5.8 The [[action]] of certain secondary and other [[Unknown|undiscovered]] [[energies]] present in the [[space]] regions of your [[local universe]] is such that [[solar]]-[[light]] [[emanations]] [[appear]] to [[execute]] certain [[Wave|wavy]] [[phenomena]] as well as to be chopped up into infinitesimal [[portions]] of definite [~~http~~://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length length] and [[weight]]. And, [[practically]] considered, that is exactly what happens. You can hardly [[hope]] to arrive at a better [[understanding]] of the [[behavior]] of [[light]] until such a [[time]] as you acquire a [[clearer]] [[concept]] of the [[interaction]] and interrelationship of the various [[space]]-[[forces]] and [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy solar energies] operating in the [[space]] regions of [[Nebadon]]. Your present [[confusion]] is also due to your incomplete grasp of this [[problem]] as it involves the interassociated [[activities]] of the [[personal]] and [[nonpersonal]] [[control]] of the [[master universe]]—the [[presences]], the [[performances]], and the [[co-ordination]] of the [[Conjoint Actor]] and the [[Unqualified Absolute]].

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41:5.8 The [[action]] of certain secondary and other [[Unknown|undiscovered]] [[energies]] present in the [[space]] regions of your [[local universe]] is such that [[solar]]-[[light]] [[emanations]] [[appear]] to [[execute]] certain [[Wave|wavy]] [[phenomena]] as well as to be chopped up into infinitesimal [[portions]] of definite [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length length] and [[weight]]. And, [[practically]] considered, that is exactly what happens. You can hardly [[hope]] to arrive at a better [[understanding]] of the [[behavior]] of [[light]] until such a [[time]] as you acquire a [[clearer]] [[concept]] of the [[interaction]] and interrelationship of the various [[space]]-[[forces]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy solar energies] operating in the [[space]] regions of [[Nebadon]]. Your present [[confusion]] is also due to your incomplete grasp of this [[problem]] as it involves the interassociated [[activities]] of the [[personal]] and [[nonpersonal]] [[control]] of the [[master universe]]—the [[presences]], the [[performances]], and the [[co-ordination]] of the [[Conjoint Actor]] and the [[Unqualified Absolute]].

==41:6. CALCIUM—THE WANDERER OF SPACE==

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41:6.1 In deciphering [[spectral]] [[phenomena]], it should be remembered that [[space]] is not empty; that [[light]], in traversing space, is sometimes slightly modified by the various [[forms]] of [[energy]] and [[matter]] which [[circulate]] in all [[Grand Universe|organized space]]. Some of the lines indicating [[unknown]] [[matter]] which appear in the spectra of your [[sun]] are due to modifications of well-known [[elements]] which are floating throughout [[space]] in shattered form, the atomic casualties of the fierce encounters of the [[solar]] elemental battles. Space is pervaded by these wandering derelicts, especially [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium sodium] and [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IDPmajorelements.png calcium].

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41:6.1 In deciphering [[spectral]] [[phenomena]], it should be remembered that [[space]] is not empty; that [[light]], in traversing space, is sometimes slightly modified by the various [[forms]] of [[energy]] and [[matter]] which [[circulate]] in all [[Grand Universe|organized space]]. Some of the lines indicating [[unknown]] [[matter]] which appear in the spectra of your [[sun]] are due to modifications of well-known [[elements]] which are floating throughout [[space]] in shattered form, the atomic casualties of the fierce encounters of the [[solar]] elemental battles. Space is pervaded by these wandering derelicts, especially [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium sodium] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IDPmajorelements.png calcium].

−

41:6.2 [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium Calcium] is, in [[fact]], the chief [[element]] of the [[matter]]-permeation of [[space]] throughout [[Orvonton]]. Our whole [[superuniverse]] is sprinkled with minutely pulverized stone. Stone is [[literally]] the basic building [[matter]] for the [[planets]] and [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_15#15:6._THE_SPHERES_OF_SPACE spheres of space]. The [[cosmic]] cloud, the great [[space]] blanket, consists for the most part of the modified [[atoms]] of [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium calcium]. The stone atom is one of the most prevalent and persistent of the [[elements]]. It not only endures solar ionization—splitting—but [[persists]] in an associative [[identity]] even after it has been battered by the destructive [[X rays]] and shattered by the high [[solar]] [[temperatures]]. Calcium [[possesses]] an [[individuality]] and a longevity excelling all of the more common [[forms]] of [[matter]].

+

41:6.2 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium Calcium] is, in [[fact]], the chief [[element]] of the [[matter]]-permeation of [[space]] throughout [[Orvonton]]. Our whole [[superuniverse]] is sprinkled with minutely pulverized stone. Stone is [[literally]] the basic building [[matter]] for the [[planets]] and [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_15#15:6._THE_SPHERES_OF_SPACE spheres of space]. The [[cosmic]] cloud, the great [[space]] blanket, consists for the most part of the modified [[atoms]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium calcium]. The stone atom is one of the most prevalent and persistent of the [[elements]]. It not only endures solar ionization—splitting—but [[persists]] in an associative [[identity]] even after it has been battered by the destructive [[X rays]] and shattered by the high [[solar]] [[temperatures]]. Calcium [[possesses]] an [[individuality]] and a longevity excelling all of the more common [[forms]] of [[matter]].

−

41:6.3 As your [[physicists]] have suspected, these mutilated remnants of [[solar]] [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium calcium] [[literally]] ride the [[light]] beams for varied distances, and thus their widespread [[dissemination]] throughout [[space]] is tremendously [[facilitated]]. The sodium atom, under certain modifications, is also capable of [[light]] and [[energy]] locomotion. The calcium feat is all the more remarkable since this element has almost twice the [[mass]] of sodium. Local space-permeation by [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium calcium] is due to the [[fact]] that it escapes from the solar [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosphere photosphere], in modified [[form]], by [[literally]] riding the outgoing sunbeams. Of all the solar elements, calcium, notwithstanding its comparative bulk—containing as it does [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Electron_shell_020_Calcium.svg twenty revolving electrons]—is the most successful in escaping from the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Core solar interior] to the realms of [[space]]. This explains why there is a [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium calcium] layer, a [[gaseous]] stone [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Photosphere surface, on the sun] six thousand miles thick; and this despite the [[fact]] that nineteen lighter elements, and numerous heavier ones, are underneath.

+

41:6.3 As your [[physicists]] have suspected, these mutilated remnants of [[solar]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium calcium] [[literally]] ride the [[light]] beams for varied distances, and thus their widespread [[dissemination]] throughout [[space]] is tremendously [[facilitated]]. The sodium atom, under certain modifications, is also capable of [[light]] and [[energy]] locomotion. The calcium feat is all the more remarkable since this element has almost twice the [[mass]] of sodium. Local space-permeation by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium calcium] is due to the [[fact]] that it escapes from the solar [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosphere photosphere], in modified [[form]], by [[literally]] riding the outgoing sunbeams. Of all the solar elements, calcium, notwithstanding its comparative bulk—containing as it does [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Electron_shell_020_Calcium.svg twenty revolving electrons]—is the most successful in escaping from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Core solar interior] to the realms of [[space]]. This explains why there is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium calcium] layer, a [[gaseous]] stone [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Photosphere surface, on the sun] six thousand miles thick; and this despite the [[fact]] that nineteen lighter elements, and numerous heavier ones, are underneath.

−

41:6.4 [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium Calcium] is an [[active]] and [[versatile]] [[element]] at solar [[temperatures]]. The stone [[atom]] has two agile and loosely attached [[electrons]] in the two outer electronic [[circuits]], which are very close together. Early in the [[atomic]] struggle it loses its outer [[electron]]; whereupon it engages in a masterful [[act]] of [[juggling]] the nineteenth electron back and forth between the nineteenth and twentieth circuits of electronic [[revolution]]. By tossing this nineteenth electron back and forth between its own [[orbit]] and that of its lost companion more than twenty-five thousand times a second, a mutilated stone atom is able partially to defy [[gravity]] and thus successfully to ride the emerging streams of [[light]] and [[energy]], the sunbeams, to [[liberty]] and [[adventure]]. This [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium calcium] [[atom]] moves outward by alternate jerks of forward [[propulsion]], grasping and letting go the sunbeam about twenty-five thousand times each second. And this is why stone is the chief component of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_15#15:6._THE_SPHERES_OF_SPACE worlds of space]. Calcium is the most expert solar-prison escaper.

+

41:6.4 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium Calcium] is an [[active]] and [[versatile]] [[element]] at solar [[temperatures]]. The stone [[atom]] has two agile and loosely attached [[electrons]] in the two outer electronic [[circuits]], which are very close together. Early in the [[atomic]] struggle it loses its outer [[electron]]; whereupon it engages in a masterful [[act]] of [[juggling]] the nineteenth electron back and forth between the nineteenth and twentieth circuits of electronic [[revolution]]. By tossing this nineteenth electron back and forth between its own [[orbit]] and that of its lost companion more than twenty-five thousand times a second, a mutilated stone atom is able partially to defy [[gravity]] and thus successfully to ride the emerging streams of [[light]] and [[energy]], the sunbeams, to [[liberty]] and [[adventure]]. This [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium calcium] [[atom]] moves outward by alternate jerks of forward [[propulsion]], grasping and letting go the sunbeam about twenty-five thousand times each second. And this is why stone is the chief component of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_15#15:6._THE_SPHERES_OF_SPACE worlds of space]. Calcium is the most expert solar-prison escaper.

41:6.5 The [[agility]] of this acrobatic calcium [[electron]] is indicated by the [[fact]] that, when tossed by the [[temperature]]-[[X-ray]] solar forces to the [[circle]] of the higher [[orbit]], it only remains in that orbit for about one one-millionth of a second; but before the [[electric]]-[[gravity]] [[power]] of the [[atomic]] [[nucleus]] pulls it back into its old orbit, it is able to complete one million [[revolutions]] about the atomic [[center]].

−

41:6.6 Your [[sun]] has parted with an enormous [[quantity]] of its [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium calcium], having lost tremendous amounts during the times of its convulsive [[eruptions]] in [[connection]] with the formation of the [[solar system]]. Much of the solar calcium is now in the outer crust of the [[sun]].

+

41:6.6 Your [[sun]] has parted with an enormous [[quantity]] of its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium calcium], having lost tremendous amounts during the times of its convulsive [[eruptions]] in [[connection]] with the formation of the [[solar system]]. Much of the solar calcium is now in the outer crust of the [[sun]].

−

41:6.7 It should be remembered that [[spectral]] [[analyses]] show only [[sun]]-[[surface]] [[composition]]s. For example: [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Chemical_composition Solar spectra exhibit many iron lines], but iron is not the chief element in the sun. This [[phenomenon]] is almost wholly due to the present [[temperature]] of the sun's [[surface]], a [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Photosphere little less than 6,000 degrees], this [[temperature]] being very favorable to the registry of the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron iron] [[spectrum]].

+

41:6.7 It should be remembered that [[spectral]] [[analyses]] show only [[sun]]-[[surface]] [[composition]]s. For example: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Chemical_composition Solar spectra exhibit many iron lines], but iron is not the chief element in the sun. This [[phenomenon]] is almost wholly due to the present [[temperature]] of the sun's [[surface]], a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Photosphere little less than 6,000 degrees], this [[temperature]] being very favorable to the registry of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron iron] [[spectrum]].

==41:7. SOURCES OF SOLAR ENERGY==

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41:7.1 The internal [[temperature]] of many of the [[suns]], even your own, is much higher than is commonly believed. In the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Core interior] of a [[sun]] [[practically]] no whole [[atoms]] exist; they are all more or less shattered by the [[intensive]] [[X-ray]] bombardment which is [[indigenous]] to such high [[temperatures]]. Regardless of what [[material]] [[elements]] may appear in the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Radiative_zone outer layers] of a [[sun]], those in the interior are rendered very similar by the dissociative [[action]] of the disruptive [[X rays]]. X ray is the great leveler of [[atomic]] [[existence]].

+

41:7.1 The internal [[temperature]] of many of the [[suns]], even your own, is much higher than is commonly believed. In the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Core interior] of a [[sun]] [[practically]] no whole [[atoms]] exist; they are all more or less shattered by the [[intensive]] [[X-ray]] bombardment which is [[indigenous]] to such high [[temperatures]]. Regardless of what [[material]] [[elements]] may appear in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Radiative_zone outer layers] of a [[sun]], those in the interior are rendered very similar by the dissociative [[action]] of the disruptive [[X rays]]. X ray is the great leveler of [[atomic]] [[existence]].

−

41:7.2 The [[surface]] [[temperature]] of [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Photosphere your sun is almost 6,000 degrees], but it rapidly increases as the interior is penetrated until it [[attains]] the unbelievable height of about [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Core 35,000,000 degrees in the central regions]. (All of these [[temperatures]] refer to your [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit Fahrenheit scale].)

+

41:7.2 The [[surface]] [[temperature]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Photosphere your sun is almost 6,000 degrees], but it rapidly increases as the interior is penetrated until it [[attains]] the unbelievable height of about [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Core 35,000,000 degrees in the central regions]. (All of these [[temperatures]] refer to your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit Fahrenheit scale].)

−

41:7.3 All of these [[phenomena]] are indicative of enormous [[energy]] expenditure, and the [[sources]] of [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Energy solar energy], named in the order of their importance, are:

+

41:7.3 All of these [[phenomena]] are indicative of enormous [[energy]] expenditure, and the [[sources]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Energy solar energy], named in the order of their importance, are:

*1. [[Annihilation]] of [[atoms]] and, eventually, of [[electrons]].

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41:7.4 There exists a regulating blanket of hot [[gases]] (sometimes millions of degrees in [[temperature]]) which envelops the suns, and which [[acts]] to [[stabilize]] [[heat]] loss and otherwise prevent hazardous fluctuations of heat dissipation. During the active life of a [[sun]] the internal [[temperature]] of 35,000,000 degrees remains about the same quite regardless of the [[progressive]] fall of the external temperature.

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41:7.5 You might try to [[visualize]] 35,000,000 degrees of [[heat]], in [[association]] with certain [[gravity]] [[pressures]], as the [[electronic]] [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_Point boiling point]. Under such [[pressure]] and at such [[temperature]] all [[atoms]] are degraded and broken up into their electronic and other [[ancestral]] components; even the [[electrons]] and other [[associations]] of [[ultimatons]] may be broken up, but the suns are not able to degrade the [[ultimatons]].

+

41:7.5 You might try to [[visualize]] 35,000,000 degrees of [[heat]], in [[association]] with certain [[gravity]] [[pressures]], as the [[electronic]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_Point boiling point]. Under such [[pressure]] and at such [[temperature]] all [[atoms]] are degraded and broken up into their electronic and other [[ancestral]] components; even the [[electrons]] and other [[associations]] of [[ultimatons]] may be broken up, but the suns are not able to degrade the [[ultimatons]].

−

41:7.6 These solar [[temperatures]] operate to enormously [[speed]] up the [[ultimatons]] and the [[electrons]], at least such of the latter as [[continue]] to [[maintain]] their [[existence]] under these conditions. You will [[realize]] what high temperature means by way of the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleration acceleration] of [[ultimaton]]ic and [[electronic]] [[activities]] when you pause to [[consider]] that one drop of ordinary [[water]] contains over one billion trillions of [[atoms]]. This is the [[energy]] of more than one hundred horsepower exerted continuously for two years. The [[total]] [[heat]] now given out by the [[solar system]] [[sun]] each second is sufficient to boil all the [[water]] in all the [[oceans]] on [[Urantia]] in just one second of time.

+

41:7.6 These solar [[temperatures]] operate to enormously [[speed]] up the [[ultimatons]] and the [[electrons]], at least such of the latter as [[continue]] to [[maintain]] their [[existence]] under these conditions. You will [[realize]] what high temperature means by way of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleration acceleration] of [[ultimaton]]ic and [[electronic]] [[activities]] when you pause to [[consider]] that one drop of ordinary [[water]] contains over one billion trillions of [[atoms]]. This is the [[energy]] of more than one hundred horsepower exerted continuously for two years. The [[total]] [[heat]] now given out by the [[solar system]] [[sun]] each second is sufficient to boil all the [[water]] in all the [[oceans]] on [[Urantia]] in just one second of time.

−

41:7.7 Only those [[suns]] which [[function]] in the direct [[channels]] of the main [[streams]] of [[universe]] [[energy]] can shine on forever. Such solar furnaces blaze on indefinitely, being able to replenish their [[material]] losses by the intake of [[space]]-[[force]] and [[analogous]] [[circulating]] [[energy]]. But [[stars]] far removed from these chief [[channels]] of recharging are [[destined]] to undergo energy depletion—[[gradually]] cool off and [[eventually]] [~~http~~://space.newscientist.com/article/dn13369-hope-dims-that-earth-will-survive-suns-death.html?feedId=online-news_rss20 burn out].

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41:7.7 Only those [[suns]] which [[function]] in the direct [[channels]] of the main [[streams]] of [[universe]] [[energy]] can shine on forever. Such solar furnaces blaze on indefinitely, being able to replenish their [[material]] losses by the intake of [[space]]-[[force]] and [[analogous]] [[circulating]] [[energy]]. But [[stars]] far removed from these chief [[channels]] of recharging are [[destined]] to undergo energy depletion—[[gradually]] cool off and [[eventually]] [https://space.newscientist.com/article/dn13369-hope-dims-that-earth-will-survive-suns-death.html?feedId=online-news_rss20 burn out].

−

41:7.8 Such dead or dying [[suns]] can be rejuvenated by collisional [[impact]] or can be recharged by certain nonluminous [[energy]] islands of [[space]] or through [[gravity]]-robbery of near-by smaller suns or [[Solar System|systems]]. The [[majority]] of dead suns will [[experience]] revivification by these or other [[evolutionary]] [[techniques]]. Those which are not thus [[eventually]] recharged are [[destined]] to undergo disruption by [[mass]] [[explosion]] when the [[gravity]] [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed Matter condensation] [[attains]] the critical level of [[ultimaton]]ic condensation of [[energy]] [[pressure]]. Such disappearing suns thus become [[energy]] of the rarest [[form]], admirably adapted to energize other more favorably situated [[suns]].

+

41:7.8 Such dead or dying [[suns]] can be rejuvenated by collisional [[impact]] or can be recharged by certain nonluminous [[energy]] islands of [[space]] or through [[gravity]]-robbery of near-by smaller suns or [[Solar System|systems]]. The [[majority]] of dead suns will [[experience]] revivification by these or other [[evolutionary]] [[techniques]]. Those which are not thus [[eventually]] recharged are [[destined]] to undergo disruption by [[mass]] [[explosion]] when the [[gravity]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed Matter condensation] [[attains]] the critical level of [[ultimaton]]ic condensation of [[energy]] [[pressure]]. Such disappearing suns thus become [[energy]] of the rarest [[form]], admirably adapted to energize other more favorably situated [[suns]].

==41:8. SOLAR-ENERGY REACTIONS==

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41:8.1 In those [[suns]] which are encircuited in the [[space]]-[[energy]] [[channels]], [[solar energy]] is liberated by various [[complex]] [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Reaction nuclear-reaction] chains, the most common of which is the hydrogen-carbon-helium reaction. In this [[metamorphosis]], carbon [[acts]] as an [[energy]] [[catalyst]] since it is in no way actually changed by this [[process]] of converting hydrogen into helium. Under certain conditions of high [[temperature]] the hydrogen penetrates the carbon [[nuclei]]. Since the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon carbon] cannot hold more than four such protons, when this saturation state is [[attained]], it begins to emit protons as fast as new ones arrive. In this [[reaction]] the ingoing hydrogen [[particles]] come forth as a [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium helium] [[atom]].

+

41:8.1 In those [[suns]] which are encircuited in the [[space]]-[[energy]] [[channels]], [[solar energy]] is liberated by various [[complex]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Reaction nuclear-reaction] chains, the most common of which is the hydrogen-carbon-helium reaction. In this [[metamorphosis]], carbon [[acts]] as an [[energy]] [[catalyst]] since it is in no way actually changed by this [[process]] of converting hydrogen into helium. Under certain conditions of high [[temperature]] the hydrogen penetrates the carbon [[nuclei]]. Since the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon carbon] cannot hold more than four such protons, when this saturation state is [[attained]], it begins to emit protons as fast as new ones arrive. In this [[reaction]] the ingoing hydrogen [[particles]] come forth as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium helium] [[atom]].

−

41:8.2 Reduction of hydrogen content increases the [[luminosity]] of a [[sun]]. In the suns [[destined]] to burn out, the height of [[luminosity]] is [[attained]] at the point of hydrogen exhaustion. Subsequent to this point, [[brilliance]] is [[maintained]] by the resultant [[process]] of [[gravity]] contraction. Eventually, such a [[star]] will become a so-called [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf white dwarf], a highly condensed [[sphere]].

+

41:8.2 Reduction of hydrogen content increases the [[luminosity]] of a [[sun]]. In the suns [[destined]] to burn out, the height of [[luminosity]] is [[attained]] at the point of hydrogen exhaustion. Subsequent to this point, [[brilliance]] is [[maintained]] by the resultant [[process]] of [[gravity]] contraction. Eventually, such a [[star]] will become a so-called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf white dwarf], a highly condensed [[sphere]].

−

41:8.3 In large [[suns]]—small circular [[nebulae]]—when hydrogen is exhausted and [[gravity]] contraction ensues, if such a [[body]] is not sufficiently [[opaque]] to retain the internal [[pressure]] of [[support]] for the outer [[gas]] regions, then a sudden collapse occurs. The [[gravity]]-[[electric]] [[changes]] give origin to vast [[quantities]] of tiny [[particles]] devoid of [[electric]] [[potential]], and such [[particles]] readily escape from the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Core solar interior], thus bringing about the collapse of a gigantic sun within a few days. It was such an emigration of these "runaway [[particles]]" that occasioned the collapse of the giant [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova nova] of the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_%28constellation%29 Andromeda] [[nebula]] about fifty years ago. This vast [[stellar]] body collapsed in forty minutes of [[Urantia]] time.

+

41:8.3 In large [[suns]]—small circular [[nebulae]]—when hydrogen is exhausted and [[gravity]] contraction ensues, if such a [[body]] is not sufficiently [[opaque]] to retain the internal [[pressure]] of [[support]] for the outer [[gas]] regions, then a sudden collapse occurs. The [[gravity]]-[[electric]] [[changes]] give origin to vast [[quantities]] of tiny [[particles]] devoid of [[electric]] [[potential]], and such [[particles]] readily escape from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Core solar interior], thus bringing about the collapse of a gigantic sun within a few days. It was such an emigration of these "runaway [[particles]]" that occasioned the collapse of the giant [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova nova] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_%28constellation%29 Andromeda] [[nebula]] about fifty years ago. This vast [[stellar]] body collapsed in forty minutes of [[Urantia]] time.

−

41:8.4 As a rule, the vast extrusion of [[matter]] [[continues]] to exist about the residual cooling [[sun]] as extensive clouds of [[nebula]]r [[gases]]. And all this explains the [[origin]] of many types of irregular [[nebulae]], such as the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab_nebula Crab nebula], which had its [[origin]] about nine hundred years ago, and which still exhibits the [[mother]] [[sphere]] as a lone star near the [[center]] of this irregular nebular [[mass]].

+

41:8.4 As a rule, the vast extrusion of [[matter]] [[continues]] to exist about the residual cooling [[sun]] as extensive clouds of [[nebula]]r [[gases]]. And all this explains the [[origin]] of many types of irregular [[nebulae]], such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab_nebula Crab nebula], which had its [[origin]] about nine hundred years ago, and which still exhibits the [[mother]] [[sphere]] as a lone star near the [[center]] of this irregular nebular [[mass]].

==41:9. SUN STABILITY==

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41:9.2 [[Atoms]] and [[electrons]] are subject to [[gravity]]. The [[ultimatons]] are not subject to local [[gravity]], the interplay of [[material]] [[attraction]], but they are fully [[obedient]] to [[absolute]] or [[Paradise]] [[gravity]], to the [[trend]], the swing, of the [[universal]] and [[eternal]] [[circle]] of the [[universe of universes]]. [[Ultimatonic]] [[energy]] does not obey the [[linear]] or direct [[gravity]] [[attraction]] of near-by or remote [[material]] [[mass]]es, but it does ever swing true to the [[circuit]] of the great [[ellipse]] of the [[Master Universe|far-flung creation]].

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41:9.3 Your own [[Sun|solar center]] [[radiates]] almost one hundred billion tons of [[actual]] [[matter]] annually, while the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_giant giant suns] lose [[matter]] at a prodigious rate during their earlier [[growth]], the first billion years. A sun's life becomes [[stable]] after the maximum of internal [[temperature]] is reached, and the subatomic energies begin to be released. And it is just at this critical point that the larger suns are given to convulsive pulsations.

+

41:9.3 Your own [[Sun|solar center]] [[radiates]] almost one hundred billion tons of [[actual]] [[matter]] annually, while the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_giant giant suns] lose [[matter]] at a prodigious rate during their earlier [[growth]], the first billion years. A sun's life becomes [[stable]] after the maximum of internal [[temperature]] is reached, and the subatomic energies begin to be released. And it is just at this critical point that the larger suns are given to convulsive pulsations.

−

41:9.4 [[Sun]] [[stability]] is wholly dependent on the [[equilibrium]] between [[gravity]]-[[heat]] contention—tremendous [[pressures]] counterbalanced by unimagined [[temperatures]]. The interior [[gas]] elasticity of the suns upholds the overlying layers of varied [[materials]], and when [[gravity]] and [[heat]] are in [[equilibrium]], the [[weight]] of the outer [[materials]] exactly [[equals]] the [[temperature]] [[pressure]] of the underlying and interior [[gases]]. In many of the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Faint_young_Sun_problem younger stars] continued [[gravity]] condensation produces ever-heightening internal [[temperatures]], and as internal heat increases, the interior [[X-ray]] [[pressure]] of supergas winds becomes so great that, in [[connection]] with the centrifugal [[motion]], a [[sun]] begins to throw its exterior layers off into [[space]], thus redressing the imbalance between [[gravity]] and [[heat]].

+

41:9.4 [[Sun]] [[stability]] is wholly dependent on the [[equilibrium]] between [[gravity]]-[[heat]] contention—tremendous [[pressures]] counterbalanced by unimagined [[temperatures]]. The interior [[gas]] elasticity of the suns upholds the overlying layers of varied [[materials]], and when [[gravity]] and [[heat]] are in [[equilibrium]], the [[weight]] of the outer [[materials]] exactly [[equals]] the [[temperature]] [[pressure]] of the underlying and interior [[gases]]. In many of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Faint_young_Sun_problem younger stars] continued [[gravity]] condensation produces ever-heightening internal [[temperatures]], and as internal heat increases, the interior [[X-ray]] [[pressure]] of supergas winds becomes so great that, in [[connection]] with the centrifugal [[motion]], a [[sun]] begins to throw its exterior layers off into [[space]], thus redressing the imbalance between [[gravity]] and [[heat]].

−

41:9.5 Your own [[sun]] has long since [[attained]] [[relative]] [[equilibrium]] between its [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Solar_cycles expansion and contraction cycles], those disturbances which produce the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Life_cycle gigantic pulsations] of many of the younger [[stars]]. Your [[sun]] is now passing out of its six billionth year[~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Life_cycle]. At the present time it is [[functioning]] through the period of greatest [[economy]]. It will shine on as of present [[efficiency]] for more than twenty-five billion years. It will probably [[experience]] a partially efficient period of decline as long as the combined periods of its youth and [[stabilized]] [[function]].

+

41:9.5 Your own [[sun]] has long since [[attained]] [[relative]] [[equilibrium]] between its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Solar_cycles expansion and contraction cycles], those disturbances which produce the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Life_cycle gigantic pulsations] of many of the younger [[stars]]. Your [[sun]] is now passing out of its six billionth year[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Life_cycle]. At the present time it is [[functioning]] through the period of greatest [[economy]]. It will shine on as of present [[efficiency]] for more than twenty-five billion years. It will probably [[experience]] a partially efficient period of decline as long as the combined periods of its youth and [[stabilized]] [[function]].

==41:10. ORIGIN OF INHABITED WORLDS==

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41:10.1 Some of the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_stars variable stars], in or near the [[state]] of maximum pulsation, are in [[process]] of giving [[origin]] to subsidiary [[Solar System|systems]], many of which will [[eventually]] be much like your own [[sun]] and its revolving [[planets]]. Your sun was in just such a state of mighty [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/160-minute_solar_cycle pulsation] when the massive [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_57#57:5._ORIGIN_OF_MONMATIA.E2.80.94THE_URANTIA_SOLAR_SYSTEM Angona system] swung into near approach, and the outer [[surface]] of the [[sun]] began to erupt veritable [[streams]]—continuous sheets—of [[matter]]. This kept up with ever-increasing [[violence]] until nearest apposition, when the [[limits]] of solar [[Integrity|cohesion]] were reached and a vast pinnacle of [[matter]], the [[ancestor]] of the [[solar system]], was disgorged. In similar circumstances the closest approach of the attracting [[body]] sometimes draws off whole [[planets]], even a quarter or third of a [[sun]]. These major extrusions form certain peculiar cloud-bound types of worlds, spheres much like [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter Jupiter] and [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn Saturn].

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41:10.1 Some of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_stars variable stars], in or near the [[state]] of maximum pulsation, are in [[process]] of giving [[origin]] to subsidiary [[Solar System|systems]], many of which will [[eventually]] be much like your own [[sun]] and its revolving [[planets]]. Your sun was in just such a state of mighty [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/160-minute_solar_cycle pulsation] when the massive [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_57#57:5._ORIGIN_OF_MONMATIA.E2.80.94THE_URANTIA_SOLAR_SYSTEM Angona system] swung into near approach, and the outer [[surface]] of the [[sun]] began to erupt veritable [[streams]]—continuous sheets—of [[matter]]. This kept up with ever-increasing [[violence]] until nearest apposition, when the [[limits]] of solar [[Integrity|cohesion]] were reached and a vast pinnacle of [[matter]], the [[ancestor]] of the [[solar system]], was disgorged. In similar circumstances the closest approach of the attracting [[body]] sometimes draws off whole [[planets]], even a quarter or third of a [[sun]]. These major extrusions form certain peculiar cloud-bound types of worlds, spheres much like [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter Jupiter] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn Saturn].

41:10.2 The [[majority]] of [[solar systems]], however, had an [[origin]] entirely [[different]] from yours, and this is true even of those which were produced by [[gravity]]-[[tidal]] [[technique]]. But no matter what [[technique]] of world building obtains, [[gravity]] always produces the [[solar system]] [[type]] of [[creation]]; that is, a central sun or dark island with [[planets]], [[satellites]], subsatellites, and [[meteors]].

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41:10.3 The [[physical]] aspects of the [[individual]] worlds are largely [[determined]] by mode of [[origin]], astronomical situation, and [[physical]] [[environment]]. Age, size, rate of [[revolution]], and [[velocity]] through [[space]] are also determining [[factors]]. Both the [[gas]]-contraction and the [[solid]]-[[accretion]] worlds are characterized by mountains and, during their earlier life, when not too small, by [[water]] and air. The molten-split and collisional worlds are sometimes without extensive mountain ranges.

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41:10.4 During the earlier ages of all these new worlds, [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakes earthquakes] are frequent, and they are all characterized by great [[physical]] [[Turbulence|disturbances]]; especially is this true of the [[gas]]-contraction [[spheres]], the worlds born of the immense [[nebular]] rings which are left behind in the wake of the early condensation and contraction of certain [[individual]] [[suns]]. [[Planets]] having a [[dual]] [[origin]] like [[Urantia]] pass through a less [[violent]] and stormy youthful [[career]]. Even so, your world [[experienced]] an early [[phase]] of mighty upheavals, characterized by [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanoes volcanoes], [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakes earthquakes], [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floods floods], and terrific storms.

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41:10.4 During the earlier ages of all these new worlds, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakes earthquakes] are frequent, and they are all characterized by great [[physical]] [[Turbulence|disturbances]]; especially is this true of the [[gas]]-contraction [[spheres]], the worlds born of the immense [[nebular]] rings which are left behind in the wake of the early condensation and contraction of certain [[individual]] [[suns]]. [[Planets]] having a [[dual]] [[origin]] like [[Urantia]] pass through a less [[violent]] and stormy youthful [[career]]. Even so, your world [[experienced]] an early [[phase]] of mighty upheavals, characterized by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanoes volcanoes], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakes earthquakes], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floods floods], and terrific storms.

41:10.5 [[Urantia]] is comparatively [[isolated]] on the outskirts of [[Satania]], your [[solar system]], with one exception, being the farthest removed from [[Jerusem]], while [[Satania]] itself is next to the outermost [[the System|system]] of [[Norlatiadek]], and this [[constellation]] is now traversing the outer fringe of [[Nebadon]]. You were truly among the least of all [[creation]] until [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_120 Michael's bestowal] elevated your [[planet]] to a position of [[honor]] and great universe interest. Sometimes the last is first, while truly the least becomes greatest.

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Paper 41 - Physical Aspects of the Local Universe (view source)

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