Changes

==70:8. SOCIAL CLASSES==

==70:8. SOCIAL CLASSES==

70:8.1 The mental and physical inequality of human beings insures that social classes will appear. The only worlds without social strata are the most primitive and the most advanced. A dawning civilization has not yet begun the differentiation of social levels, while a world settled in light and life has largely effaced these divisions of mankind, which are so characteristic of all intermediate evolutionary stages.

70:8.1 The [[mental]] and [[physical]] inequality of [[human beings]] insures that [[social classes]] will appear. The only worlds without [[social]] [[strata]] are the most [[primitive]] and the most advanced. A dawning [[civilization]] has not yet begun the [[differentiation]] of social levels, while a world settled in [[light and life]] has largely effaced these divisions of [[mankind]], which are so characteristic of all intermediate [[evolutionary]] [[stages]].

70:8.2 As society emerged from savagery to barbarism, its human components tended to become grouped in classes for the following general reasons:

70:8.2 As [[society]] emerged from savagery to [[barbarism]], its [[human]] components tended to become grouped in classes for the following general reasons:

*1. 70:8.3 Natural —contact, kinship, and marriage; the first social distinctions were based on sex, age, and blood—kinship to the chief.

*1. 70:8.3 ''[[Natural]]'' —contact, kinship, and [[marriage]]; the first [[social]] distinctions were based on [[sex]], age, and blood—[[kinship]] to the chief.

*2. 70:8.4 Personal —the recognition of ability, endurance, skill, and fortitude; soon followed by the recognition of language mastery, knowledge, and general intelligence.

*2. 70:8.4 ''[[Personal]]'' —the [[recognition]] of [[ability]], [[endurance]], [[skill]], and [[fortitude]]; soon followed by the [[recognition]] of [[language]] mastery, [[knowledge]], and general [[intelligence]].

*3. 70:8.5 Chance —war and emigration resulted in the separating of human groups. Class evolution was powerfully influenced by conquest, the relation of the victor to the vanquished, while slavery brought about the first general division of society into free and bond.

*3. 70:8.5 ''[[Chance]]'' —[[war]] and [[emigration]] resulted in the separating of [[human]] [[groups]]. Class [[evolution]] was powerfully [[influenced]] by [[conquest]], the relation of the victor to the vanquished, while [[slavery]] brought about the first general division of [[society]] into [[free]] and [[Slavery|bond]].

*4. 70:8.6 Economic —rich and poor. Wealth and the possession of slaves was a genetic basis for one class of society.

*4. 70:8.6 ''[[Economic]]'' —rich and [[poor]]. [[Wealth]] and the [[possession]] of [[slaves]] was a [[genetic]] basis for one class of [[society]].

*5. 70:8.7 Geographic —classes arose consequent upon urban or rural settlement. City and country have respectively contributed to the differentiation of the herder-agriculturist and the trader-industrialist, with their divergent viewpoints and reactions.

*5. 70:8.7 ''[[Geographic]]'' —classes arose consequent upon [[urban]] or [[rural]] settlement. [[City]] and country have respectively [[contributed]] to the [[differentiation]] of the herder-[[agriculturist]] and the trader-[[industrialist]], with their divergent [[viewpoints]] and [[reactions]].

*6. 70:8.8 Social —classes have gradually formed according to popular estimate of the social worth of different groups. Among the earliest divisions of this sort were the demarcations between priest-teachers, ruler-warriors, capitalist-traders, common laborers, and slaves. The slave could never become a capitalist, though sometimes the wage earner could elect to join the capitalistic ranks.

*6. 70:8.8 ''[[Social]]'' —classes have [[gradually]] formed according to popular estimate of the [[social]] [[worth]] of [[different]] [[groups]]. Among the earliest divisions of this sort were the demarcations between [[priest]]-[[teachers]], ruler-[[warriors]], [[capitalist]]-traders, common laborers, and [[slaves]]. The slave could never become a capitalist, though sometimes the wage earner could elect to join the [[capitalistic]] ranks.

*7. 70:8.9 Vocational —as vocations multiplied, they tended to establish castes and guilds. Workers divided into three groups: the professional classes, including the medicine men, then the skilled workers, followed by the unskilled laborers.

*7. 70:8.9 ''[[Vocational]]'' —as vocations multiplied, they tended to [[establish]] [[castes]] and [[guilds]]. Workers divided into [[three]] [[groups]]: the [[professional]] classes, including the [[medicine men]], then the [[skill]]ed workers, followed by the [[Manual|unskilled]] laborers.

*8. 70:8.10 Religious —the early cult clubs produced their own classes within the clans and tribes, and the piety and mysticism of the priests have long perpetuated them as a separate social group.

*8. 70:8.10 ''[[Religious]]'' —the early [[cult]] clubs produced their own classes within the [[clans]] and [[tribes]], and the [[piety]] and [[mysticism]] of the [[priests]] have long perpetuated them as a separate [[social]] [[group]].

*9. 70:8.11 Racial —the presence of two or more races within a given nation or territorial unit usually produces color castes. The original caste system of India was based on color, as was that of early Egypt.

*9. 70:8.11 ''[[Racial]]'' —the [[presence]] of two or more [[races]] within a given [[nation]] or territorial unit usually produces [[color]] [[castes]]. The [[original]] [[caste]] system of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India#Culture India] was based on [[color]], as was that of early [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt Egypt].

*10. 70:8.12 Age —youth and maturity. Among the tribes the boy remained under the watchcare of his father as long as the father lived, while the girl was left in the care of her mother until married.

*10. 70:8.12 ''[[Age]]'' —[[youth]] and [[maturity]]. Among the [[tribes]] the boy remained under the watchcare of his [[father]] as long as the father lived, while the girl was left in the care of her [[mother]] until [[married]].

70:8.13 Flexible and shifting social classes are indispensable to an evolving civilization, but when class becomes caste, when social levels petrify, the enhancement of social stability is purchased by diminishment of personal initiative. Social caste solves the problem of finding one's place in industry, but it also sharply curtails individual development and virtually prevents social co-operation.

70:8.13 [[Flexible]] and shifting [[social]] classes are indispensable to an [[evolving]] [[civilization]], but when class becomes [[caste]], when social levels petrify, the enhancement of [[social]] [[stability]] is purchased by diminishment of [[personal]] [[initiative]]. Social [[caste]] solves the [[problem]] of finding one's place in [[industry]], but it also sharply curtails [[individual]] [[development]] and [[virtually]] prevents [[social]] [[co-operation]].

70:8.14 Classes in society, having naturally formed, will persist until man gradually achieves their evolutionary obliteration through intelligent manipulation of the biologic, intellectual, and spiritual resources of a progressing civilization, such as:

70:8.14 Classes in [[society]], having [[naturally]] formed, will [[persist]] until man [[gradually]] [[achieves]] their [[evolutionary]] [[obliteration]] through [[intelligent]] [[manipulation]] of the [[biologic]], [[intellectual]], and [[spiritual]] [[resources]] of a progressing [[civilization]], such as:

*1. 70:8.15 Biologic renovation of the racial stocks—the selective elimination of inferior human strains. This will tend to eradicate many mortal inequalities.

*1. 70:8.15 [[Biologic]] renovation of the racial stocks—the selective elimination of inferior human strains. This will tend to eradicate many mortal inequalities.

*2. 70:8.16 Educational training of the increased brain power which will arise out of such biologic improvement.

*2. 70:8.16 [[Educational]] [[training]] of the increased [[brain]] [[power]] which will arise out of such biologic improvement.

*3. 70:8.17 Religious quickening of the feelings of mortal kinship and brotherhood.

*3. 70:8.17 [[Religious]] quickening of the [[feelings]] of [[mortal]] [[kinship]] and [[brotherhood]].

70:8.18 But these measures can bear their true fruits only in the distant millenniums of the future, although much social improvement will immediately result from the intelligent, wise, and patient manipulation of these acceleration factors of cultural progress. Religion is the mighty lever that lifts civilization from chaos, but it is powerless apart from the fulcrum of sound and normal mind resting securely on sound and normal heredity.

70:8.18 But these [[measures]] can bear their true fruits only in the distant [[millenniums]] of the [[future]], although much social improvement will [[immediately]] result from the [[intelligent]], [[wise]], and patient [[manipulation]] of these [[acceleration]] [[factors]] of cultural [[progress]]. [[Religion]] is the mighty [[lever]] that lifts [[civilization]] from [[chaos]], but it is powerless apart from the [[fulcrum]] of sound and [[normal]] [[mind]] resting securely on sound and normal [[heredity]].

==70:9. HUMAN RIGHTS==

==70:9. HUMAN RIGHTS==