Changes

==71:2. THE EVOLUTION OF REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT==  

==71:2. THE EVOLUTION OF REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT==  

71:2.1 Democracy, while an ideal, is a product of civilization, not of evolution. Go slowly! select carefully! for the dangers of democracy are:

71:2.1 [[Democracy]], while an [[ideal]], is a product of [[civilization]], not of [[evolution]]. Go slowly! select carefully! for the [[dangers]] of [[democracy]] are:

*1. Glorification of mediocrity.

*1. [[Glorification]] of mediocrity.

*2. Choice of base and ignorant rulers.

*2. [[Choice]] of base and ignorant rulers.

*3. Failure to recognize the basic facts of social evolution.

*3. Failure to [[recognize]] the basic [[facts]] of [[social]] [[evolution]].

*4. Danger of universal suffrage in the hands of uneducated and indolent majorities.

*4. [[Danger]] of [[universal]] suffrage in the hands of uneducated and indolent [[majorities]].

*5. Slavery to public opinion; the majority is not always right.

*5. [[Slavery]] to [[public]] [[opinion]]; the [[majority]] is not always right.

71:2.2 Public opinion, common opinion, has always delayed society; nevertheless, it is valuable, for, while retarding social evolution, it does preserve civilization. Education of public opinion is the only safe and true method of accelerating civilization; force is only a temporary expedient, and cultural growth will increasingly accelerate as bullets give way to ballots. Public opinion, the mores, is the basic and elemental energy in social evolution and state development, but to be of state value it must be nonviolent in expression.

71:2.2 [[Public]] [[opinion]], common opinion, has always delayed [[society]]; nevertheless, it is valuable, for, while retarding [[social]] [[evolution]], it does preserve [[civilization]]. [[Education]] of public [[opinion]] is the only safe and true [[method]] of [[accelerating]] [[civilization]]; [[force]] is only a temporary expedient, and [[cultural]] [[growth]] will increasingly [[accelerate]] as bullets give way to ballots. [[Public]] [[opinion]], the [[mores]], is the basic and elemental [[energy]] in [[social]] [[evolution]] and [[state]] [[development]], but to be of state [[value]] it must be nonviolent in [[expression]].

71:2.3 The measure of the advance of society is directly determined by the degree to which public opinion can control personal behavior and state regulation through nonviolent expression. The really civilized government had arrived when public opinion was clothed with the powers of personal franchise. Popular elections may not always decide things rightly, but they represent the right way even to do a wrong thing. Evolution does not at once produce superlative perfection but rather comparative and advancing practical adjustment.

71:2.3 The [[measure]] of the advance of [[society]] is directly determined by the [[degree]] to which [[public]] [[opinion]] can control [[personal]] [[behavior]] and [[state]] [[regulation]] through nonviolent [[expression]]. The really civilized [[government]] had arrived when [[public]] [[opinion]] was clothed with the [[powers]] of [[personal]] franchise. Popular [[elections]] may not always decide [[things]] rightly, but they [[represent]] the right way even to do a wrong thing. [[Evolution]] does not at once produce superlative [[perfection]] but rather [[comparative]] and advancing [[practical]] [[adjustment]].

71:2.4 There are ten steps, or stages, to the evolution of a practical and efficient form of representative government, and these are:

71:2.4 There are ten steps, or [[stages]], to the [[evolution]] of a [[practical]] and [[efficient]] [[form]] of [[representative]] [[government]], and these are:

*1. 71:2.5 Freedom of the person. Slavery, serfdom, and all forms of human bondage must disappear.

*1. 71:2.5 ''[[Freedom]] of the [[person]]''. [[Slavery]], serfdom, and all forms of [[human]] [[bondage]] must disappear.

*2. 71:2.6 Freedom of the mind. Unless a free people are educated—taught to think intelligently and plan wisely—freedom usually does more harm than good.

*2. 71:2.6 ''[[Freedom]] of the [[mind]]''. Unless a free [[people]] are [[educated]]—taught to [[think]] [[intelligently]] and plan [[wisely]]—freedom usually does more [[harm]] than [[good]].

*3. 71:2.7 The reign of law. Liberty can be enjoyed only when the will and whims of human rulers are replaced by legislative enactments in accordance with accepted fundamental law.

*3. 71:2.7 ''The reign of [[law]]''. [[Liberty]] can be [[enjoyed]] only when the will and whims of human rulers are replaced by [[legislative]] enactments in [[accordance]] with accepted fundamental [[law]].

*4. 71:2.8 Freedom of speech. Representative government is unthinkable without freedom of all forms of expression for human aspirations and opinions.

*4. 71:2.8 ''[[Freedom]] of [[speech]]''. [[Representative]] [[government]] is unthinkable without freedom of all [[forms]] of [[expression]] for human [[aspirations]] and [[opinions]].

*5. 71:2.9 Security of property. No government can long endure if it fails to provide for the right to enjoy personal property in some form. Man craves the right to use, control, bestow, sell, lease, and bequeath his personal property.

*5. 71:2.9 ''[[Security]] of [[property]]''. No [[government]] can long [[endure]] if it fails to provide for the right to [[enjoy]] [[personal]] [[property]] in some form. Man craves the right to use, [[control]], [[bestow]], sell, lease, and bequeath his [[personal]] [[property]].

*6. 71:2.10 The right of petition. Representative government assumes the right of citizens to be heard. The privilege of petition is inherent in free citizenship.

*6. 71:2.10 ''The [[right]] of [[petition]]''. [[Representative]] [[government]] [[assumes]] the right of [[citizens]] to be heard. The [[privilege]] of [[petition]] is [[inherent]] in free [[citizenship]].

*7. 71:2.11 The right to rule. It is not enough to be heard; the power of petition must progress to the actual management of the government.

*7. 71:2.11 ''The [[right]] to rule''. It is not enough to be heard; the [[power]] of [[petition]] must [[progress]] to the [[actual]] [[management]] of the [[government]].

*8. 71:2.12 Universal suffrage. Representative government presupposes an intelligent, efficient, and universal electorate. The character of such a government will ever be determined by the character and caliber of those who compose it. As civilization progresses, suffrage, while remaining universal for both sexes, will be effectively modified, regrouped, and otherwise differentiated.

*8. 71:2.12 ''[[Universal]] [[suffrage]]''. [[Representative]] [[government]] presupposes an [[intelligent]], [[efficient]], and universal electorate. The [[character]] of such a [[government]] will ever be determined by the character and caliber of those who [[compose]] it. As [[civilization]] progresses, [[suffrage]], while remaining [[universal]] for both [[Gender|sexes]], will be effectively modified, regrouped, and otherwise differentiated.

*9. 71:2.13 Control of public servants. No civil government will be serviceable and effective unless the citizenry possess and use wise techniques of guiding and controlling officeholders and public servants.

*9. 71:2.13 ''[[Control]] of [[public]] servants''. No civil [[government]] will be serviceable and [[effective]] unless the citizenry [[possess]] and use wise [[techniques]] of [[guiding]] and controlling officeholders and public servants.

*10. 71:2.14 Intelligent and trained representation. The survival of democracy is dependent on successful representative government; and that is conditioned upon the practice of electing to public offices only those individuals who are technically trained, intellectually competent, socially loyal, and morally fit. Only by such provisions can government of the people, by the people, and for the people be preserved.

*10. 71:2.14 ''[[Intelligent]] and [[trained]] [[representation]]''. The [[survival]] of [[democracy]] is dependent on successful [[representative]] [[government]]; and that is conditioned upon the [[practice]] of electing to public offices only those [[individuals]] who are technically [[trained]], [[intellectually]] competent, [[socially]] [[loyal]], and [[morally]] fit. Only by such provisions can [[government]] of the people, by the people, and for the people be preserved.

==71:3. THE IDEALS OF STATEHOOD==

==71:3. THE IDEALS OF STATEHOOD==