Changes

==72:1. THE CONTINENTAL NATION==

==72:1. THE CONTINENTAL NATION==

72:1.1 Notwithstanding all these [[planetary]] [[handicaps]] a very superior [[civilization]] is [[evolving]] on an isolated [[continent]] about the size of [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia Australia]. This nation numbers about 140 million. Its people are a mixed race, predominantly [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64 blue and yellow], having a slightly greater [[proportion]] of [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78 violet] than the so-called [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#PAPER_80:_ANDITE_EXPANSION_IN_THE_OCCIDENT white race] of [[Urantia]]. These [[different]] [[races]] are not yet fully blended, but they fraternize and socialize very acceptably. The [[average]] length of life on this continent is now ninety years, fifteen per cent higher than that of any other people on the [[planet]].

72:1.1 Notwithstanding all these [[planetary]] [[handicaps]] a very superior [[civilization]] is [[evolving]] on an isolated [[continent]] about the size of [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia Australia]. This nation numbers about 140 million. Its people are a mixed race, predominantly [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64 blue and yellow], having a slightly greater [[proportion]] of [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78 violet] than the so-called [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#PAPER_80:_ANDITE_EXPANSION_IN_THE_OCCIDENT white race] of [[Urantia]]. These [[different]] [[races]] are not yet fully blended, but they fraternize and socialize very acceptably. The [[average]] length of life on this continent is now ninety years, fifteen per cent higher than that of any other people on the [[planet]].

72:1.2 The [[industrial]] [[mechanism]] of this [[nation]] enjoys a certain great advantage derived from the [[unique]] [[topography]] of the [[continent]]. The high [[mountains]], on which heavy rains fall eight months in the year, are situated at the very [[center]] of the country. This [[natural]] arrangement [[favors]] the utilization of [[water]] [[power]] and greatly [[facilitates]] the irrigation of the more arid western quarter of the continent.

72:1.2 The [[industrial]] [[mechanism]] of this [[nation]] enjoys a certain great advantage derived from the [[unique]] [[topography]] of the [[continent]]. The high [[mountains]], on which heavy rains fall eight months in the year, are situated at the very [[center]] of the country. This [[natural]] arrangement [[favors]] the utilization of [[water]] [[power]] and greatly [[facilitates]] the irrigation of the more arid western quarter of the continent.

72:1.3 These people are [[self]]-[[sustaining]], that is, they can live indefinitely without importing anything from the [[surrounding]] [[nations]]. Their [[natural]] [[resources]] are replete, and by [[scientific]] [[techniques]] they have learned how to [[compensate]] for their deficiencies in the [[essentials]] of life. They enjoy a brisk domestic [[commerce]] but have little foreign trade owing to the [[universal]] hostility of their less [[progressive]] [[neighbors]].

72:1.3 These people are [[self]]-[[sustaining]], that is, they can live indefinitely without importing anything from the [[surrounding]] [[nations]]. Their [[natural]] [[resources]] are replete, and by [[scientific]] [[techniques]] they have learned how to [[compensate]] for their deficiencies in the [[essentials]] of life. They enjoy a brisk domestic [[commerce]] but have little foreign trade owing to the [[universal]] hostility of their less [[progressive]] [[neighbors]].

72:1.4 This [[continental]] [[nation]], in general, followed the [[evolutionary]] [[trend]] of the [[planet]]: The [[development]] from the [[tribal]] [[stage]] to the [[appearance]] of strong rulers and [[kings]] occupied thousands of years. The unconditional monarchs were succeeded by many [[different]] [[orders]] of [[government]]—abortive republics, communal states, and dictators came and went in endless profusion. This [[growth]] continued until about five hundred years ago when, during a [[politically]] fermenting period, one of the nation's powerful dictator-triumvirs had a [[change]] of [[heart]]. He [[volunteered]] to [[abdicate]] upon condition that one of the other rulers, the baser of the remaining two, also vacate his dictatorship. Thus was the [[sovereignty]] of the [[continent]] placed in the hands of one ruler. The unified [[state]] progressed under strong [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy monarchial] rule for over one hundred years, during which there evolved a masterful charter of [[liberty]].

72:1.4 This [[continental]] [[nation]], in general, followed the [[evolutionary]] [[trend]] of the [[planet]]: The [[development]] from the [[tribal]] [[stage]] to the [[appearance]] of strong rulers and [[kings]] occupied thousands of years. The unconditional monarchs were succeeded by many [[different]] [[orders]] of [[government]]—abortive republics, communal states, and dictators came and went in endless profusion. This [[growth]] continued until about five hundred years ago when, during a [[politically]] fermenting period, one of the nation's powerful dictator-triumvirs had a [[change]] of [[heart]]. He [[volunteered]] to [[abdicate]] upon condition that one of the other rulers, the baser of the remaining two, also vacate his dictatorship. Thus was the [[sovereignty]] of the [[continent]] placed in the hands of one ruler. The unified [[state]] progressed under strong [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy monarchial] rule for over one hundred years, during which there evolved a masterful charter of [[liberty]].

72:1.5 The subsequent [[transition]] from [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy monarchy] to a [[representative]] [[form]] of [[government]] was [[gradual]], the [[kings]] remaining as mere [[social]] or sentimental figureheads, finally disappearing when the [[male]] line of descent ran out. The present republic has now been in [[existence]] just two hundred years, during which time there has been a continuous [[progression]] toward the [[governmental]] [[techniques]] about to be narrated, the last [[developments]] in [[industrial]] and [[political]] realms having been made within the past decade.

72:1.5 The subsequent [[transition]] from [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy monarchy] to a [[representative]] [[form]] of [[government]] was [[gradual]], the [[kings]] remaining as mere [[social]] or sentimental figureheads, finally disappearing when the [[male]] line of descent ran out. The present republic has now been in [[existence]] just two hundred years, during which time there has been a continuous [[progression]] toward the [[governmental]] [[techniques]] about to be narrated, the last [[developments]] in [[industrial]] and [[political]] realms having been made within the past decade.

==72:2. POLITICAL ORGANIZATION==

==72:2. POLITICAL ORGANIZATION==

72:3.4 These people regard the [[home]] as the basic [[institution]] of their [[civilization]]. It is expected that the most valuable part of a child's [[education]] and [[character]] [[training]] will be secured from his [[parents]] and at [[home]], and [[fathers]] [[devote]] almost as much [[attention]] to [[child]] [[culture]] as do [[mothers]].

72:3.4 These people regard the [[home]] as the basic [[institution]] of their [[civilization]]. It is expected that the most valuable part of a child's [[education]] and [[character]] [[training]] will be secured from his [[parents]] and at [[home]], and [[fathers]] [[devote]] almost as much [[attention]] to [[child]] [[culture]] as do [[mothers]].

72:3.5 All [[sex]] instruction is [[administered]] in the [[home]] by [[parents]] or by legal guardians. [[Moral]] instruction is offered by [[teachers]] during the rest periods in the school shops, but not so with [[religious]] [[training]], which is deemed to be the exclusive [[privilege]] of [[parents]], [[religion]] being looked upon as an integral part of [[home]] life. [[Purely]] [[religious]] instruction is given [[publicly]] only in the [[temples]] of [[philosophy]], no such exclusively religious [[institutions]] as the [[Urantia]] churches having developed among this people. In their [[philosophy]], [[religion]] is the striving to know [[God]] and to [[manifest]] [[love]] for one's fellows through [[service]] for them, but this is not typical of the [[religious]] [[status]] of the other nations on this [[planet]]. [[Religion]] is so entirely a [[family]] matter among these people that there are no [[public]] places devoted exclusively to religious assembly. [[Politically]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state church and state], as Urantians are wont to say, are entirely separate, but there is a strange overlapping of [[religion]] and [[philosophy]].

72:3.5 All [[sex]] instruction is [[administered]] in the [[home]] by [[parents]] or by legal guardians. [[Moral]] instruction is offered by [[teachers]] during the rest periods in the school shops, but not so with [[religious]] [[training]], which is deemed to be the exclusive [[privilege]] of [[parents]], [[religion]] being looked upon as an integral part of [[home]] life. [[Purely]] [[religious]] instruction is given [[publicly]] only in the [[temples]] of [[philosophy]], no such exclusively religious [[institutions]] as the [[Urantia]] churches having developed among this people. In their [[philosophy]], [[religion]] is the striving to know [[God]] and to [[manifest]] [[love]] for one's fellows through [[service]] for them, but this is not typical of the [[religious]] [[status]] of the other nations on this [[planet]]. [[Religion]] is so entirely a [[family]] matter among these people that there are no [[public]] places devoted exclusively to religious assembly. [[Politically]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state church and state], as Urantians are wont to say, are entirely separate, but there is a strange overlapping of [[religion]] and [[philosophy]].

72:3.6 Until twenty years ago the [[spiritual]] [[teachers]] (comparable to [[Urantia]] [[Priests|pastors]]), who visit each [[family]] periodically to [[examine]] the [[children]] to ascertain if they have been properly instructed by their [[parents]], were under governmental supervision. These spiritual advisers and examiners are now under the direction of the newly created ''Foundation of Spiritual Progress'', an [[institution]] supported by [[voluntary]] contributions. Possibly this [[institution]] may not further evolve until after the arrival of a [[Paradise]] [[Magisterial Son]].

72:3.6 Until twenty years ago the [[spiritual]] [[teachers]] (comparable to [[Urantia]] [[Priests|pastors]]), who visit each [[family]] periodically to [[examine]] the [[children]] to ascertain if they have been properly instructed by their [[parents]], were under governmental supervision. These spiritual advisers and examiners are now under the direction of the newly created ''Foundation of Spiritual Progress'', an [[institution]] supported by [[voluntary]] contributions. Possibly this [[institution]] may not further evolve until after the arrival of a [[Paradise]] [[Magisterial Son]].

==72:4. THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM==

==72:4. THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM==

72:4.1 The [[educational]] [[system]] of this [[nation]] is [[compulsory]] and coeducational in the precollege schools that the student attends from the ages of five to eighteen. These schools are vastly [[different]] from those of [[Urantia]]. There are no classrooms, only one [[study]] is pursued at a time, and after the first three years all [[pupils]] become assistant [[teachers]], instructing those below them. [[Books]] are used only to secure [[information]] that will assist in solving the [[problems]] arising in the school shops and on the school farms. Much of the furniture used on the [[continent]] and the many [[mechanical]] contrivances—this is a great age of [[invention]] and mechanization—are produced in these shops. Adjacent to each shop is a working [[library]] where the [[student]] may consult the [[necessary]] [[reference]] [[books]]. [[Agriculture]] and [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horticulture horticulture] are also taught throughout the entire [[educational]] period on the extensive farms adjoining every local school.

72:4.1 The [[educational]] [[system]] of this [[nation]] is [[compulsory]] and coeducational in the precollege schools that the student attends from the ages of five to eighteen. These schools are vastly [[different]] from those of [[Urantia]]. There are no classrooms, only one [[study]] is pursued at a time, and after the first three years all [[pupils]] become assistant [[teachers]], instructing those below them. [[Books]] are used only to secure [[information]] that will assist in solving the [[problems]] arising in the school shops and on the school farms. Much of the furniture used on the [[continent]] and the many [[mechanical]] contrivances—this is a great age of [[invention]] and mechanization—are produced in these shops. Adjacent to each shop is a working [[library]] where the [[student]] may consult the [[necessary]] [[reference]] [[books]]. [[Agriculture]] and [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horticulture horticulture] are also taught throughout the entire [[educational]] period on the extensive farms adjoining every local school.

72:4.2 The feeble-minded are [[trained]] only in [[agriculture]] and [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_husbandry animal husbandry], and are committed for life to special custodial colonies where they are [[segregated]] by [[sex]] to prevent [[parenthood]], which is denied all subnormals. These restrictive [[measures]] have been in operation for seventy-five years; the commitment [[decrees]] are handed down by the [[parental]] [[courts]].

72:4.2 The feeble-minded are [[trained]] only in [[agriculture]] and [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_husbandry animal husbandry], and are committed for life to special custodial colonies where they are [[segregated]] by [[sex]] to prevent [[parenthood]], which is denied all subnormals. These restrictive [[measures]] have been in operation for seventy-five years; the commitment [[decrees]] are handed down by the [[parental]] [[courts]].

72:4.3 Everyone takes one month's [[vacation]] each year. The precollege schools are conducted for nine months out of the year of ten, the [[vacation]] being spent with [[parents]] or [[friends]] in [[travel]]. This [[travel]] is a part of the adult-[[education]] program and is continued throughout a lifetime, the funds for meeting such expenses being accumulated by the same [[methods]] as those employed in old-age insurance.

72:4.3 Everyone takes one month's [[vacation]] each year. The precollege schools are conducted for nine months out of the year of ten, the [[vacation]] being spent with [[parents]] or [[friends]] in [[travel]]. This [[travel]] is a part of the adult-[[education]] program and is continued throughout a lifetime, the funds for meeting such expenses being accumulated by the same [[methods]] as those employed in old-age insurance.

72:5.7 Two hundred years ago the [[profit]] [[motive]] was wholly [[dominant]] in [[industry]], but today it is being rapidly displaced by other and higher driving [[forces]]. [[Competition]] is keen on this [[continent]], but much of it has been [[transferred]] from [[industry]] to [[play]], [[skill]], [[scientific]] achievement, and [[intellectual]] [[attainment]]. It is most [[active]] in [[social]] [[service]] and [[governmental]] [[loyalty]]. Among this [[people]] [[public]] [[service]] is rapidly becoming the chief goal of [[ambition]]. The richest man on the [[continent]] works six hours a day in the office of his machine shop and then hastens over to the local branch of the school of [[statesmanship]], where he seeks to [[qualify]] for [[public]] [[service]].

72:5.7 Two hundred years ago the [[profit]] [[motive]] was wholly [[dominant]] in [[industry]], but today it is being rapidly displaced by other and higher driving [[forces]]. [[Competition]] is keen on this [[continent]], but much of it has been [[transferred]] from [[industry]] to [[play]], [[skill]], [[scientific]] achievement, and [[intellectual]] [[attainment]]. It is most [[active]] in [[social]] [[service]] and [[governmental]] [[loyalty]]. Among this [[people]] [[public]] [[service]] is rapidly becoming the chief goal of [[ambition]]. The richest man on the [[continent]] works six hours a day in the office of his machine shop and then hastens over to the local branch of the school of [[statesmanship]], where he seeks to [[qualify]] for [[public]] [[service]].

72:5.8 [[Labor]] is becoming more [[honorable]] on this [[continent]], and all able-bodied [[citizens]] over eighteen work either at [[home]] and on farms, at some recognized [[industry]], on the [[public]] works where the temporarily unemployed are [[absorbed]], or else in the corps of [[compulsory]] laborers in the mines.

72:5.8 [[Labor]] is becoming more [[honorable]] on this [[continent]], and all able-bodied [[citizens]] over eighteen work either at [[home]] and on farms, at some recognized [[industry]], on the [[public]] works where the temporarily unemployed are [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/absorb absorbed], or else in the corps of [[compulsory]] laborers in the mines.

72:5.9 These [[people]] are also beginning to foster a new [[form]] of [[social]] [[disgust]]—disgust for both idleness and unearned [[wealth]]. Slowly but certainly they are conquering their [[machines]]. Once they, too, struggled for [[political]] [[liberty]] and subsequently for [[economic]] [[freedom]]. Now are they entering upon the [[enjoyment]] of both while in addition they are beginning to [[appreciate]] their well-earned [[leisure]], which can be [[devoted]] to increased [[self-realization]].

72:5.9 These [[people]] are also beginning to foster a new [[form]] of [[social]] [[disgust]]—disgust for both idleness and unearned [[wealth]]. Slowly but certainly they are conquering their [[machines]]. Once they, too, struggled for [[political]] [[liberty]] and subsequently for [[economic]] [[freedom]]. Now are they entering upon the [[enjoyment]] of both while in addition they are beginning to [[appreciate]] their well-earned [[leisure]], which can be [[devoted]] to increased [[self-realization]].

72:6.2 Among this people all [[persons]] must retire from gainful pursuit at sixty-five unless they secure a permit from the [[state]] labor commissioner which will entitle them to remain at [[work]] until the age of seventy. This age [[limit]] does not apply to [[government]] servants or [[philosophers]]. The [[physically]] disabled or permanently crippled can be placed on the retired list at any age by [[court]] order countersigned by the pension commissioner of the regional [[government]].

72:6.2 Among this people all [[persons]] must retire from gainful pursuit at sixty-five unless they secure a permit from the [[state]] labor commissioner which will entitle them to remain at [[work]] until the age of seventy. This age [[limit]] does not apply to [[government]] servants or [[philosophers]]. The [[physically]] disabled or permanently crippled can be placed on the retired list at any age by [[court]] order countersigned by the pension commissioner of the regional [[government]].

72:6.3 The funds for old-age [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pension pensions] are derived from four sources:

72:6.3 The funds for old-age [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pension pensions] are derived from four sources:

72:6.4 1. One day's earnings each month are requisitioned by the federal [[government]] for this [[purpose]], and in this country everybody works.

72:6.4 1. One day's earnings each month are requisitioned by the federal [[government]] for this [[purpose]], and in this country everybody works.

72:6.5 2. Bequests—many [[wealth]]y [[citizens]] leave funds for this [[purpose]].

72:6.5 2. Bequests—many [[wealth]]y [[citizens]] leave funds for this [[purpose]].

72:6.6 3. The earnings of compulsory labor in the [[state]] [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/MInes mines]. After the conscript workers [[support]] themselves and set aside their own retirement contributions, all excess [[profits]] on their labor are turned over to this pension fund.

72:6.6 3. The earnings of compulsory labor in the [[state]] [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/MInes mines]. After the conscript workers [[support]] themselves and set aside their own retirement contributions, all excess [[profits]] on their labor are turned over to this pension fund.

72:6.7 4. The income from [[natural]] [[resources]]. All natural [[wealth]] on the continent is held as a [[social]] [[trust]] by the [[federal]] [[government]], and the income therefrom is utilized for [[social]] [[purposes]], such as [[disease]] prevention, [[education]] of [[genius]]es, and expenses of especially promising [[individuals]] in the [[statesmanship]] schools. One half of the income from [[natural]] [[resources]] goes to the old-age pension fund.

72:6.7 4. The income from [[natural]] [[resources]]. All natural [[wealth]] on the continent is held as a [[social]] [[trust]] by the [[federal]] [[government]], and the income therefrom is utilized for [[social]] [[purposes]], such as [[disease]] prevention, [[education]] of [[genius]]es, and expenses of especially promising [[individuals]] in the [[statesmanship]] schools. One half of the income from [[natural]] [[resources]] goes to the old-age pension fund.

==72:7. TAXATION==

==72:7. TAXATION==

72:7.1 The [[federal]] [[government]] is paternalistic only in the [[administration]] of old-age [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pension pensions] and in the fostering of [[genius]] and [[creative]] [[originality]]; the state [[governments]] are slightly more concerned with the [[individual]] [[citizen]], while the local governments are much more paternalistic or [[socialistic]]. The [[city]] (or some subdivision thereof) concerns itself with such matters as [[health]], [[sanitation]], building regulations, beautification, [[water]] supply, lighting, [[heating]], [[recreation]], [[music]], and [[communication]].

72:7.1 The [[federal]] [[government]] is paternalistic only in the [[administration]] of old-age [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pension pensions] and in the fostering of [[genius]] and [[creative]] [[originality]]; the state [[governments]] are slightly more concerned with the [[individual]] [[citizen]], while the local governments are much more paternalistic or [[socialistic]]. The [[city]] (or some subdivision thereof) concerns itself with such matters as [[health]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation sanitation], building regulations, beautification, [[water]] supply, lighting, [[heating]], [[recreation]], [[music]], and [[communication]].

72:7.2 In all [[industry]] first [[attention]] is paid to [[health]]; certain phases of [[physical]] well-being are regarded as [[industrial]] and [[community]] [[prerogatives]], but [[individual]] and [[family]] [[health]] [[problems]] are matters of [[personal]] concern only. In [[medicine]], as in all other [[purely]] [[personal]] matters, it is increasingly the [[plan]] of [[government]] to refrain from interfering.

72:7.2 In all [[industry]] first [[attention]] is paid to [[health]]; certain phases of [[physical]] well-being are regarded as [[industrial]] and [[community]] [[prerogatives]], but [[individual]] and [[family]] [[health]] [[problems]] are matters of [[personal]] concern only. In [[medicine]], as in all other [[purely]] [[personal]] matters, it is increasingly the [[plan]] of [[government]] to refrain from interfering.

72:7.6 There is little or no [[uniformity]] among the [[taxation]] [[schemes]] of the one hundred comparatively [[free]] and [[sovereign]] states as [[economic]] and other conditions vary greatly in [[different]] sections of the [[continent]]. Every state has ten basic [[constitutional]] provisions which cannot be [[modified]] except by consent of the [[federal]] supreme [[court]], and one of these articles prevents levying a [[tax]] of more than one per cent on the [[value]] of any property in any one year, homesites, whether in [[city]] or country, being exempted.

72:7.6 There is little or no [[uniformity]] among the [[taxation]] [[schemes]] of the one hundred comparatively [[free]] and [[sovereign]] states as [[economic]] and other conditions vary greatly in [[different]] sections of the [[continent]]. Every state has ten basic [[constitutional]] provisions which cannot be [[modified]] except by consent of the [[federal]] supreme [[court]], and one of these articles prevents levying a [[tax]] of more than one per cent on the [[value]] of any property in any one year, homesites, whether in [[city]] or country, being exempted.

72:7.7 The [[federal]] [[government]] cannot go in [[debt]], and a three-fourths [[referendum]] is required before any state can borrow except for [[purposes]] of [[war]]. Since the [[federal]] [[government]] cannot incur [[debt]], in the event of war the ''National Council of Defense'' is empowered to [[Tax|assess]] the states for [[money]], as well as for [[men]] and [[materials]], as it may be required. But no [[debt]] may run for more than twenty-five years.

72:7.7 The [[federal]] [[government]] cannot go in [[debt]], and a three-fourths [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum referendum] is required before any state can borrow except for [[purposes]] of [[war]]. Since the [[federal]] [[government]] cannot incur [[debt]], in the event of war the ''National Council of Defense'' is empowered to [[Tax|assess]] the states for [[money]], as well as for [[men]] and [[materials]], as it may be required. But no [[debt]] may run for more than twenty-five years.

72:7.8 Income to [[support]] the [[federal]] [[government]] is derived from the following five sources:

72:7.8 Income to [[support]] the [[federal]] [[government]] is derived from the following five sources:

72:7.9 1. ''Import duties''. All imports are subject to a tariff designed to protect the [[standard]] of living on this [[continent]], which is far above that of any other nation on the [[planet]]. These tariffs are set by the highest industrial [[court]] after both houses of the industrial congress have ratified the recommendations of the chief executive of [[economic]] affairs, who is the joint appointee of these two [[legislative]] bodies. The upper industrial house is elected by labor, the lower by [[capital]].

72:7.9 1. ''Import duties''. All imports are subject to a tariff designed to protect the [[standard]] of living on this [[continent]], which is far above that of any other nation on the [[planet]]. These tariffs are set by the highest industrial [[court]] after both houses of the industrial congress have ratified the recommendations of the chief executive of [[economic]] affairs, who is the joint appointee of these two [[legislative]] bodies. The upper industrial house is elected by labor, the lower by [[capital]].

72:7.10 2. ''Royalties''. The [[federal]] [[government]] [[encourages]] [[invention]] and [[original]] [[creations]] in the ten regional [[laboratories]], assisting all types of ''geniuses''—artists, [[authors]], and [[scientists]]—and protecting their [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patents patents]. In return the [[government]] takes one half the [[profits]] realized from all such [[inventions]] and [[creations]], whether pertaining to [[machines]], [[books]], artistry, [[plants]], or [[animals]].

72:7.10 2. ''Royalties''. The [[federal]] [[government]] [[encourages]] [[invention]] and [[original]] [[creations]] in the ten regional [[laboratories]], assisting all types of ''geniuses''—artists, [[authors]], and [[scientists]]—and protecting their [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patents patents]. In return the [[government]] takes one half the [[profits]] realized from all such [[inventions]] and [[creations]], whether pertaining to [[machines]], [[books]], artistry, [[plants]], or [[animals]].

72:7.11 3. ''Inheritance tax''. The [[federal]] [[government]] levies a graduated inheritance [[tax]] ranging from one to fifty per cent, depending on the size of an estate as well as on other conditions.

72:7.11 3. ''Inheritance tax''. The [[federal]] [[government]] levies a graduated inheritance [[tax]] ranging from one to fifty per cent, depending on the size of an estate as well as on other conditions.

==72:8. THE SPECIAL COLLEGES==

==72:8. THE SPECIAL COLLEGES==

72:8.1 In addition to the basic compulsory education program extending from the ages of five to eighteen, special schools are maintained as follows:

72:8.1 In addition to the basic [[compulsory]] [[education]] program extending from the ages of five to eighteen, special schools are maintained as follows:

72:8.2 1. Statesmanship schools. These schools are of three classes: national, regional, and state. The public offices of the nation are grouped in four divisions. The first division of public trust pertains principally to the national administration, and all officeholders of this group must be graduates of both regional and national schools of statesmanship. Individuals may accept political, elective, or appointive office in the second division upon graduating from any one of the ten regional schools of statesmanship; their trusts concern responsibilities in the regional administration and the state governments. Division three includes state responsibilities, and such officials are only required to have state degrees of statesmanship. The fourth and last division of officeholders are not required to hold statesmanship degrees, such offices being wholly appointive. They represent minor positions of assistantship, secretaryships, and technical trusts which are discharged by the various learned professions functioning in governmental administrative capacities.

72:8.2 1. ''Statesmanship schools''. These schools are of three classes: national, regional, and state. The [[public]] offices of the [[nation]] are grouped in four divisions. The first division of [[public]] [[trust]] pertains principally to the national [[administration]], and all officeholders of this group must be [[graduates]] of both regional and national schools of [[statesmanship]]. [[Individuals]] may accept [[political]], elective, or appointive office in the second division upon [[graduating]] from any one of the ten regional schools of statesmanship; their [[trusts]] concern [[responsibilities]] in the regional [[administration]] and the state [[governments]]. Division three includes state [[responsibilities]], and such officials are only required to have state [[degrees]] of [[statesmanship]]. The fourth and last division of officeholders are not required to hold statesmanship degrees, such offices being wholly appointive. They represent minor positions of assistantship, secretaryships, and [[technical]] [[trusts]] which are discharged by the various learned [[professions]] functioning in governmental [[administrative]] capacities.

72:8.3 Judges of the minor and state courts hold degrees from the state schools of statesmanship. Judges of the jurisdictional tribunals of social, educational, and industrial matters hold degrees from the regional schools. Judges of the federal supreme court must hold degrees from all these schools of statesmanship.

72:8.3 [[Judges]] of the minor and state [[courts]] hold [[degrees]] from the state schools of [[statesmanship]]. Judges of the [[jurisdictional]] [[tribunals]] of [[social]], [[educational]], and [[industrial]] matters hold degrees from the regional schools. [[Judges]] of the federal supreme court must hold degrees from all these schools of [[statesmanship]].

72:8.4 2. Schools of philosophy. These schools are affiliated with the temples of philosophy and are more or less associated with religion as a public function.

72:8.4 2. ''Schools of philosophy''. These schools are affiliated with the [[temples]] of [[philosophy]] and are more or less [[associated]] with [[religion]] as a [[public]] [[function]].

72:8.5 3. Institutions of science. These technical schools are co-ordinated with industry rather than with the educational system and are administered under fifteen divisions.

72:8.5 3. ''Institutions of science''. These [[technical]] schools are [[co-ordinated]] with [[industry]] rather than with the [[educational]] [[system]] and are [[administered]] under fifteen divisions.

72:8.6 4. Professional training schools. These special institutions provide the technical training for the various learned professions, twelve in number.

72:8.6 4. ''Professional training schools''. These special [[institutions]] provide the [[technical]] [[training]] for the various learned [[professions]], twelve in number.

72:8.7 5. Military and naval schools. Near the national headquarters and at the twenty-five coastal military centers are maintained those institutions devoted to the military training of volunteer citizens from eighteen to thirty years of age. Parental consent is required before twenty-five in order to gain entrance to these schools.

72:8.7 5. ''Military and naval schools''. Near the [[national]] [[headquarters]] and at the twenty-five coastal [[military]] [[centers]] are [[maintained]] those [[institutions]] [[devoted]] to the [[military]] [[training]] of [[volunteer]] [[citizens]] from eighteen to thirty years of age. [[Parental]] consent is required before twenty-five in order to gain entrance to these schools.

==72:9. THE PLAN OF UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE==

==72:9. THE PLAN OF UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE==

72:9.1 Although candidates for all public offices are restricted to graduates of the state, regional, or federal schools of statesmanship, the progressive leaders of this nation discovered a serious weakness in their plan of universal suffrage and about fifty years ago made constitutional provision for a modified scheme of voting which embraces the following features:

72:9.1 Although [[candidates]] for all [[public]] offices are restricted to [[graduates]] of the state, regional, or federal schools of [[statesmanship]], the [[progressive]] [[leaders]] of this [[nation]] discovered a serious weakness in their [[plan]] of [[universal]] [[suffrage]] and about fifty years ago made [[constitutional]] provision for a [[modified]] scheme of voting which [[embraces]] the following features:

72:9.2 1. Every man and woman of twenty years and over has one vote. Upon attaining this age, all citizens must accept membership in two voting groups: They will join the first in accordance with their economic function—industrial, professional, agricultural, or trade; they will enter the second group according to their political, philosophic, and social inclinations. All workers thus belong to some economic franchise group, and these guilds, like the noneconomic associations, are regulated much as is the national government with its threefold division of powers. Registration in these groups cannot be changed for twelve years.

72:9.2 1. Every [[man]] and [[woman]] of twenty years and over has one [[vote]]. Upon [[attaining]] this age, all [[citizens]] must accept membership in two voting [[groups]]: They will join the first in [[accordance]] with their [[economic]] [[function]]—[[industrial]], [[professional]], [[agricultural]], or trade; they will enter the second group according to their [[political]], [[philosophic]], and [[social]] inclinations. All workers thus belong to some [[economic]] franchise [[group]], and these guilds, like the noneconomic [[associations]], are [[regulated]] much as is the [[national]] [[government]] with its threefold division of [[powers]]. Registration in these groups cannot be changed for twelve years.

72:9.3 2. Upon nomination by the state governors or by the regional executives and by the mandate of the regional supreme councils, individuals who have rendered great service to society, or who have demonstrated extraordinary wisdom in government service, may have additional votes conferred upon them not oftener than every five years and not to exceed nine such superfranchises. The maximum suffrage of any multiple voter is ten. Scientists, inventors, teachers, philosophers, and spiritual leaders are also thus recognized and honored with augmented political power. These advanced civic privileges are conferred by the state and regional supreme councils much as degrees are bestowed by the special colleges, and the recipients are proud to attach the symbols of such civic recognition, along with their other degrees, to their lists of personal achievements.

72:9.3 2. Upon nomination by the [[state]] governors or by the regional [[executives]] and by the [[mandate]] of the regional supreme [[councils]], [[individuals]] who have rendered great [[service]] to [[society]], or who have [[demonstrated]] extraordinary [[wisdom]] in [[government]] [[service]], may have additional votes conferred upon them not oftener than every five years and not to exceed nine such superfranchises. The maximum [[suffrage]] of any multiple voter is [[ten]]. [[Scientists]], [[inventors]], [[teachers]], [[philosophers]], and [[spiritual]] [[leaders]] are also thus [[recognized]] and [[honored]] with augmented [[political]] [[power]]. These advanced [[civic]] [[privileges]] are conferred by the state and regional supreme [[councils]] much as [[degrees]] are [[bestowed]] by the special colleges, and the recipients are proud to attach the [[symbols]] of such civic [[recognition]], along with their other [[degrees]], to their lists of [[personal]] achievements.

72:9.4 3. All individuals sentenced to compulsory labor in the mines and all governmental servants supported by tax funds are, for the periods of such services, disenfranchised. This does not apply to aged persons who may be retired on pensions at sixty-five.

72:9.4 3. All [[individuals]] sentenced to [[compulsory]] [[labor]] in the mines and all [[governmental]] servants [[supported]] by [[tax]] funds are, for the periods of such [[services]], disenfranchised. This does not apply to aged [[persons]] who may be retired on pensions at sixty-five.

72:9.5 4. There are five brackets of suffrage reflecting the average yearly taxes paid for each half-decade period. Heavy taxpayers are permitted extra votes up to five. This grant is independent of all other recognition, but in no case can any person cast over ten ballots.

72:9.5 4. There are five brackets of [[suffrage]] reflecting the [[average]] yearly [[taxes]] paid for each half-decade period. Heavy taxpayers are permitted extra votes up to five. This grant is [[independent]] of all other [[recognition]], but in no case can any [[person]] cast over ten ballots.

72:9.6 5. At the time this franchise plan was adopted, the territorial method of voting was abandoned in favor of the economic or functional system. All citizens now vote as members of industrial, social, or professional groups, regardless of their residence. Thus the electorate consists of solidified, unified, and intelligent groups who elect only their best members to positions of governmental trust and responsibility. There is one exception to this scheme of functional or group suffrage: The election of a federal chief executive every six years is by nation-wide ballot, and no citizen casts over one vote.

72:9.6 5. At the [[time]] this franchise plan was [[adopted]], the territorial [[method]] of voting was abandoned in [[favor]] of the [[economic]] or [[functional]] [[system]]. All [[citizens]] now vote as members of [[industrial]], [[social]], or [[professional]] [[groups]], regardless of their residence. Thus the electorate consists of solidified, unified, and [[intelligent]] [[groups]] who elect only their best members to positions of [[governmental]] [[trust]] and [[responsibility]]. There is one exception to this [[scheme]] of [[functional]] or [[group]] [[suffrage]]: The election of a federal chief executive every six years is by nation-wide ballot, and no citizen casts over one vote.

72:9.7 Thus, except in the election of the chief executive, suffrage is exercised by economic, professional, intellectual, and social groupings of the citizenry. The ideal state is organic, and every free and intelligent group of citizens represents a vital and functioning organ within the larger governmental organism.

72:9.7 Thus, except in the [[election]] of the chief executive, [[suffrage]] is exercised by [[economic]], [[professional]], [[intellectual]], and [[social]] groupings of the [[citizenry]]. The [[ideal]] [[state]] is [[organic]], and every free and [[intelligent]] [[group]] of [[citizens]] [[represents]] a vital and [[functioning]] organ within the larger [[governmental]] [[organism]].

72:9.8 The schools of statesmanship have power to start proceedings in the state courts looking toward the disenfranchisement of any defective, idle, indifferent, or criminal individual. These people recognize that, when fifty per cent of a nation is inferior or defective and possesses the ballot, such a nation is doomed. They believe the dominance of mediocrity spells the downfall of any nation. Voting is compulsory, heavy fines being assessed against all who fail to cast their ballots.

72:9.8 The schools of [[statesmanship]] have [[power]] to start [[proceedings]] in the state [[courts]] looking toward the disenfranchisement of any [[Degenerate|defective]], idle, indifferent, or [[criminal]] [[individual]]. These people [[recognize]] that, when fifty per cent of a nation is inferior or defective and [[possesses]] the ballot, such a nation is [[doomed]]. They believe the [[dominance]] of [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mediocre mediocrity] spells the downfall of any [[nation]]. Voting is [[compulsory]], heavy fines being assessed against all who fail to cast their ballots.

==72:10. DEALING WITH CRIME==

==72:10. DEALING WITH CRIME==

72:10.1 The methods of this people in dealing with crime, insanity, and degeneracy, while in some ways pleasing, will, no doubt, in others prove shocking to most Urantians. Ordinary criminals and the defectives are placed, by sexes, in different agricultural colonies and are more than self-supporting. The more serious habitual criminals and the incurably insane are sentenced to death in the lethal gas chambers by the courts. Numerous crimes aside from murder, including betrayal of governmental trust, also carry the death penalty, and the visitation of justice is sure and swift.

72:10.1 The [[methods]] of this [[people]] in dealing with [[crime]], insanity, and [[degeneracy]], while in some ways pleasing, will, no doubt, in others prove shocking to most [[Urantia]]ns. Ordinary criminals and the defectives are placed, by [[Gender|sexes]], in [[different]] [[agricultural]] colonies and are more than [[self]]-[[supporting]]. The more serious habitual [[criminals]] and the incurably insane are sentenced to [[death]] in the lethal gas chambers by the [[courts]]. Numerous [[crimes]] aside from [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder murder], including [[betrayal]] of [[governmental]] [[trust]], also carry the death penalty, and the visitation of [[justice]] is sure and swift.

72:10.2 These people are passing out of the negative into the positive era of law. Recently they have gone so far as to attempt the prevention of crime by sentencing those who are believed to be potential murderers and major criminals to life service in the detention colonies. If such convicts subsequently demonstrate that they have become more normal, they may be either paroled or pardoned. The homicide rate on this continent is only one per cent of that among the other nations.

72:10.2 These people are passing out of the [[negative]] into the positive era of [[law]]. Recently they have gone so far as to attempt the prevention of [[crime]] by sentencing those who are believed to be [[potential]] murderers and major [[criminals]] to life service in the [[detention]] colonies. If such convicts subsequently [[demonstrate]] that they have become more [[normal]], they may be either paroled or pardoned. The homicide rate on this [[continent]] is only one per cent of that among the other nations.

72:10.3 Efforts to prevent the breeding of criminals and defectives were begun over one hundred years ago and have already yielded gratifying results. There are no prisons or hospitals for the insane. For one reason, there are only about ten per cent as many of these groups as are found on Urantia.

72:10.3 [[Efforts]] to prevent the [[Reproduction|breeding]] of [[criminals]] and defectives were begun over one hundred years ago and have already yielded gratifying results. There are no prisons or hospitals for the insane. For one reason, there are only about ten per cent as many of these groups as are found on [[Urantia]].

==72:11. MILITARY PREPAREDNESS==

==72:11. MILITARY PREPAREDNESS==

72:11.1 Graduates of the federal military schools may be commissioned as " guardians of civilization " in seven ranks, in accordance with ability and experience, by the president of the National Council of Defense. This council consists of twenty-five members, nominated by the highest parental, educational, and industrial tribunals, confirmed by the federal supreme court, and presided over ex officio by the chief of staff of co-ordinated military affairs. Such members serve until they are seventy years of age.

72:11.1 [[Graduates]] of the [[federal]] [[military]] schools may be commissioned as "guardians of [[civilization]]" in seven ranks, in [[accordance]] with [[ability]] and [[experience]], by the president of the ''National Council of Defense''. This [[council]] consists of twenty-five members, nominated by the highest [[parental]], [[educational]], and [[industrial]] [[tribunals]], [[confirmed]] by the [[federal]] supreme [[court]], and presided over ex officio by the chief of staff of [[co-ordinated]] [[military]] affairs. Such members serve until they are seventy years of age.

72:11.2 The courses pursued by such commissioned officers are four years in length and are invariably correlated with the mastery of some trade or profession. Military training is never given without this associated industrial, scientific, or professional schooling. When military training is finished, the individual has, during his four years' course, received one half of the education imparted in any of the special schools where the courses are likewise four years in length. In this way the creation of a professional military class is avoided by providing this opportunity for a large number of men to support themselves while securing the first half of a technical or professional training.

72:11.2 The [[courses]] pursued by such commissioned officers are four years in length and are invariably correlated with the mastery of some trade or [[profession]]. [[Military]] [[training]] is never given without this [[associated]] [[industrial]], [[scientific]], or [[professional]] schooling. When [[military]] [[training]] is finished, the [[individual]] has, during his four years' course, received one half of the [[education]] imparted in any of the special schools where the [[courses]] are likewise four years in length. In this way the [[creation]] of a [[professional]] military class is avoided by providing this [[opportunity]] for a large number of men to support themselves while securing the first half of a [[technical]] or [[professional]] [[training]].

72:11.3 Military service during peacetime is purely voluntary, and the enlistments in all branches of the service are for four years, during which every man pursues some special line of study in addition to the mastery of military tactics. Training in music is one of the chief pursuits of the central military schools and of the twenty-five training camps distributed about the periphery of the continent. During periods of industrial slackness many thousands of unemployed are automatically utilized in upbuilding the military defenses of the continent on land and sea and in the air.

72:11.3 [[Military]] [[service]] during peacetime is [[purely]] [[voluntary]], and the enlistments in all branches of the service are for four years, during which every man pursues some special line of [[study]] in addition to the mastery of [[military]] [[Technique|tactics]]. [[Training]] in [[music]] is one of the chief pursuits of the central military schools and of the twenty-five [[training]] camps [[distributed]] about the [[periphery]] of the [[continent]]. During periods of [[industrial]] slackness many thousands of unemployed are [[automatically]] utilized in upbuilding the military defenses of the [[continent]] on [[land]] and [[sea]] and in the [[air]].

72:11.4 Although these people maintain a powerful war establishment as a defense against invasion by the surrounding hostile peoples, it may be recorded to their credit that they have not in over one hundred years employed these military resources in an offensive war. They have become civilized to that point where they can vigorously defend civilization without yielding to the temptation to utilize their war powers in aggression. There have been no civil wars since the establishment of the united continental state, but during the last two centuries these people have been called upon to wage nine fierce defensive conflicts, three of which were against mighty confederations of world powers. Although this nation maintains adequate defense against attack by hostile neighbors, it pays far more attention to the training of statesmen, scientists, and philosophers.

72:11.4 Although these people [[maintain]] a [[powerful]] war [[establishment]] as a [[defense]] against [[invasion]] by the surrounding hostile peoples, it may be recorded to their credit that they have not in over one hundred years employed these [[military]] [[resources]] in an offensive war. They have become civilized to that point where they can vigorously defend [[civilization]] without yielding to the [[temptation]] to utilize their war [[powers]] in [[aggression]]. There have been no civil wars since the [[establishment]] of the united [[continental]] [[state]], but during the last two centuries these people have been called upon to wage nine fierce defensive [[conflicts]], three of which were against mighty [[confederations]] of world powers. Although this [[nation]] maintains adequate [[defense]] against attack by hostile [[neighbors]], it pays far more [[attention]] to the [[training]] of [[statesmen]], [[scientists]], and [[philosophers]].

72:11.5 When at peace with the world, all mobile defense mechanisms are quite fully employed in trade, commerce, and recreation. When war is declared, the entire nation is mobilized. Throughout the period of hostilities military pay obtains in all industries, and the chiefs of all military departments become members of the chief executive's cabinet.

72:11.5 When at [[peace]] with the world, all mobile [[defense]] [[mechanisms]] are quite fully employed in trade, [[commerce]], and [[recreation]]. When war is declared, the entire nation is mobilized. Throughout the period of hostilities [[military]] pay obtains in all [[industries]], and the chiefs of all military departments become members of the chief executive's cabinet.

==72:12. THE OTHER NATIONS==

==72:12. THE OTHER NATIONS==

72:12.1 Although the society and government of this unique people are in many respects superior to those of the Urantia nations, it should be stated that on the other continents (there are eleven on this planet) the governments are decidedly inferior to the more advanced nations of Urantia.

72:12.1 Although the [[society]] and [[government]] of this [[unique]] [[people]] are in many respects superior to those of the [[Urantia]] nations, it should be stated that on the other [[continents]] (there are eleven on this [[planet]]) the [[governments]] are decidedly inferior to the more advanced nations of [[Urantia]].

72:12.2 Just now this superior government is planning to establish ambassadorial relations with the inferior peoples, and for the first time a great religious leader has arisen who advocates the sending of missionaries to these surrounding nations. We fear they are about to make the mistake that so many others have made when they have endeavored to force a superior culture and religion upon other races. What a wonderful thing could be done on this world if this continental nation of advanced culture would only go out and bring to itself the best of the neighboring peoples and then, after educating them, send them back as emissaries of culture to their benighted brethren! Of course, if a Magisterial Son should soon come to this advanced nation, great things could quickly happen on this world.

72:12.2 Just now this superior [[government]] is planning to [[establish]] [[ambassadorial]] [[relations]] with the inferior peoples, and for the first time a great [[religious]] [[leader]] has arisen who [[advocates]] the sending of missionaries to these [[surrounding]] nations. We [[fear]] they are about to make the mistake that so many others have made when they have endeavored to force a superior [[culture]] and [[religion]] upon other [[races]]. What a [[wonderful]] thing could be done on this world if this [[continental]] [[nation]] of advanced [[culture]] would only go out and bring to itself the best of the neighboring peoples and then, after [[educating]] them, send them back as [[emissaries]] of [[culture]] to their benighted brethren! Of course, if a [[Magisterial Son]] should soon come to this advanced [[nation]], great things could quickly happen on this world.

72:12.3 This recital of the affairs of a neighboring planet is made by special permission with the intent of advancing civilization and augmenting governmental evolution on Urantia. Much more could be narrated that would no doubt interest and intrigue Urantians, but this disclosure covers the limits of our permissive mandate.

72:12.3 This recital of the affairs of a [[neighboring]] [[planet]] is made by special permission with the [[intent]] of advancing [[civilization]] and augmenting [[governmental]] [[evolution]] on [[Urantia]]. Much more could be [[narrated]] that would no doubt interest and intrigue Urantians, but this disclosure covers the limits of our permissive [[mandate]].

72:12.4 Urantians should, however, take note that their sister sphere in the Satania family has benefited by neither magisterial nor bestowal missions of the Paradise Sons. Neither are the various peoples of Urantia set off from each other by such disparity of culture as separates the continental nation from its planetary fellows.

72:12.4 Urantians should, however, take note that their sister [[sphere]] in the [[Satania]] [[family]] has benefited by neither [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_20#20:4._MAGISTERIAL_MISSIONS magisterial] nor [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_20#20:5._BESTOWAL_OF_THE_PARADISE_SONS_OF_GOD bestowal missions] of the [[Paradise Sons]]. Neither are the various peoples of [[Urantia]] set off from each other by such disparity of [[culture]] as separates the [[continental]] nation from its [[planetary]] fellows.

72:12.5 The pouring out of the Spirit of Truth provides the spiritual foundation for the realization of great achievements in the interests of the human race of the bestowal world. Urantia is therefore far better prepared for the more immediate realization of a planetary government with its laws, mechanisms, symbols, conventions, and language—all of which could contribute so mightily to the establishment of world-wide peace under law and could lead to the sometime dawning of a real age of spiritual striving; and such an age is the planetary threshold to the utopian ages of light and life.

72:12.5 The pouring out of the [[Spirit of Truth]] provides the [[spiritual]] [[foundation]] for the [[realization]] of great achievements in the interests of the [[human]] [[race]] of the bestowal world. [[Urantia]] is therefore far better [[prepared]] for the more [[immediate]] [[realization]] of a [[planetary]] [[government]] with its [[laws]], [[mechanisms]], [[symbols]], [[conventions]], and [[language]]—all of which could [[contribute]] so mightily to the [[establishment]] of world-wide [[peace]] under [[law]] and could lead to the sometime [[dawning]] of a real age of [[spiritual]] striving; and such an age is the [[planetary]] [[threshold]] to the [[utopian]] ages of [[light and life]].

72:12.6 Presented by a [[Melchizedek]] of [[Nebadon]].

72:12.6 Presented by a [[Melchizedek]] of [[Nebadon]].

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[[Category: PART III: The History of Urantia]]

[[Category: PART III: The History of Urantia]]