Changes

81:0.1 Regardless of the ups and downs of the [[miscarriage]] of the [[plans]] for world betterment [[projected]] in the missions of [[Caligastia]] and [[Adam]], the basic [[organic]] [[evolution]] of the [[human]] [[species]] continued to carry the races forward in the [[scale]] of human [[progress]] and racial [[development]]. [[Evolution]] can be delayed but it cannot be stopped.

81:0.1 Regardless of the ups and downs of the [[miscarriage]] of the [[plans]] for world betterment [[projected]] in the missions of [[Caligastia]] and [[Adam]], the basic [[organic]] [[evolution]] of the [[human]] [[species]] continued to carry the races forward in the [[scale]] of human [[progress]] and racial [[development]]. [[Evolution]] can be delayed but it cannot be stopped.

81:0.2 The [[influence]] of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE violet race], though in numbers smaller than had been planned, produced an advance in [[civilization]] which, since the days of [[Adam]], has far exceeded the [[progress]] of [[mankind]] throughout its entire previous [[existence]] of almost a million years.

81:0.2 The [[influence]] of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE violet race], though in numbers smaller than had been planned, produced an advance in [[civilization]] which, since the days of [[Adam]], has far exceeded the [[progress]] of [[mankind]] throughout its entire previous [[existence]] of almost a million years.

==81:1. THE CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION==

==81:1. THE CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION==

81:1.1 For about thirty-five thousand years after the days of [[Adam]], the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization cradle of civilization] was in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Asia southwestern Asia], extending from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile Nile valley] eastward and slightly to the north across northern [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia Arabia], through [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia Mesopotamia], and on into [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan]. And [[climate]] was the decisive [[factor]] in the [[establishment]] of [[civilization]] in that area.

81:1.1 For about thirty-five thousand years after the days of [[Adam]], the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization cradle of civilization] was in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Asia southwestern Asia], extending from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile Nile valley] eastward and slightly to the north across northern [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia Arabia], through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia Mesopotamia], and on into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan]. And [[climate]] was the decisive [[factor]] in the [[establishment]] of [[civilization]] in that area.

81:1.2 It was the great [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change climatic] and [[geologic]] [[changes]] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Africa northern Africa] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Asia western Asia] that terminated the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:3._EARLY_EXPANSIONS_OF_THE_ADAMITES early migrations of the Adamites], barring them from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe  Europe] by the expanded [[Mediterranean]] and diverting the [[stream]] of [[migration]] north and east into [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan]. By the time of the completion of these [[land]] elevations and associated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change climatic changes], about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15,000_BC 15,000 B.C.], [[civilization]] had settled down to a world-wide [[stalemate]] except for the [[cultural]] ferments and biologic reserves of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites] still confined by [[mountains]] to the east in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia Asia] and by the expanding [[forests]] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe Europe] to the west.

81:1.2 It was the great [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change climatic] and [[geologic]] [[changes]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Africa northern Africa] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Asia western Asia] that terminated the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:3._EARLY_EXPANSIONS_OF_THE_ADAMITES early migrations of the Adamites], barring them from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe  Europe] by the expanded [[Mediterranean]] and diverting the [[stream]] of [[migration]] north and east into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan]. By the time of the completion of these [[land]] elevations and associated [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change climatic changes], about [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15,000_BC 15,000 B.C.], [[civilization]] had settled down to a world-wide [[stalemate]] except for the [[cultural]] ferments and biologic reserves of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites] still confined by [[mountains]] to the east in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia Asia] and by the expanding [[forests]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe Europe] to the west.

81:1.3 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change Climatic evolution] is now about to accomplish what all other [[efforts]] had failed to do, that is, to [[compel]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasia Eurasian] man to abandon [[hunting]] for the more advanced callings of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herding herding] and [[farming]]. [[Evolution]] may be slow, but it is terribly [[effective]].

81:1.3 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change Climatic evolution] is now about to accomplish what all other [[efforts]] had failed to do, that is, to [[compel]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasia Eurasian] man to abandon [[hunting]] for the more advanced callings of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herding herding] and [[farming]]. [[Evolution]] may be slow, but it is terribly [[effective]].

81:1.4 Since [[slaves]] were so generally employed by the earlier [[agriculturists]], the farmer was formerly looked down on by both the [[hunter]] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herder herder]. For ages it was considered menial to till the [[soil]]; wherefore the [[idea]] that [[soil]] toil is a [[curse]], whereas it is the greatest of all [[blessings]]. Even in the days of [[Cain and Abel]] the [[sacrifices]] of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastoralism pastoral life] were held in greater [[esteem]] than the offerings of [[agriculture]].

81:1.4 Since [[slaves]] were so generally employed by the earlier [[agriculturists]], the farmer was formerly looked down on by both the [[hunter]] and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herder herder]. For ages it was considered menial to till the [[soil]]; wherefore the [[idea]] that [[soil]] toil is a [[curse]], whereas it is the greatest of all [[blessings]]. Even in the days of [[Cain and Abel]] the [[sacrifices]] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastoralism pastoral life] were held in greater [[esteem]] than the offerings of [[agriculture]].

81:1.5 [[Man]] ordinarily evolved into a [[farmer]] from a [[hunter]] by [[transition]] through the era of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastoralism herder], and this was also true among the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites], but more often the [[evolutionary]] [[coercion]] of [[Climate|climatic]] [[necessity]] would cause whole [[tribes]] to pass directly from [[hunters]] to successful [[farmers]]. But this [[phenomenon]] of passing [[immediately]] from [[hunting]] to [[agriculture]] only occurred in those regions where there was a high [[degree]] of race mixture with the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE violet stock].

81:1.5 [[Man]] ordinarily evolved into a [[farmer]] from a [[hunter]] by [[transition]] through the era of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastoralism herder], and this was also true among the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites], but more often the [[evolutionary]] [[coercion]] of [[Climate|climatic]] [[necessity]] would cause whole [[tribes]] to pass directly from [[hunters]] to successful [[farmers]]. But this [[phenomenon]] of passing [[immediately]] from [[hunting]] to [[agriculture]] only occurred in those regions where there was a high [[degree]] of race mixture with the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE violet stock].

81:1.6 The [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#PAPER_64:_THE_EVOLUTIONARY_RACES_OF_COLOR evolutionary peoples] (notably the [[Chinese]]) early [[learned]] to plant [[seeds]] and to cultivate crops through [[observation]] of the sprouting of seeds [[accidentally]] moistened or which had been put in [[graves]] as [[food]] for the departed. But throughout [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Asia southwest Asia], along the fertile [[river]] bottoms and adjacent [[plains]], the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites] were carrying out the improved [[agricultural]] [[techniques]] inherited from their [[ancestors]], who had made farming and gardening the chief pursuits within the boundaries of the [[second garden]].

81:1.6 The [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#PAPER_64:_THE_EVOLUTIONARY_RACES_OF_COLOR evolutionary peoples] (notably the [[Chinese]]) early [[learned]] to plant [[seeds]] and to cultivate crops through [[observation]] of the sprouting of seeds [[accidentally]] moistened or which had been put in [[graves]] as [[food]] for the departed. But throughout [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Asia southwest Asia], along the fertile [[river]] bottoms and adjacent [[plains]], the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites] were carrying out the improved [[agricultural]] [[techniques]] inherited from their [[ancestors]], who had made farming and gardening the chief pursuits within the boundaries of the [[second garden]].

81:1.7 For thousands of years the descendants of [[Adam]] had grown [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat wheat] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barley barley], as improved in [[the Garden]], throughout the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan highlands] of the upper border of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia Mesopotamia]. The descendants of [[Adam]] and [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_77#77:5._ADAMSON_AND_RATTA Adamson] here met, traded, and socially mingled.

81:1.7 For thousands of years the descendants of [[Adam]] had grown [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat wheat] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barley barley], as improved in [[the Garden]], throughout the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan highlands] of the upper border of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia Mesopotamia]. The descendants of [[Adam]] and [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_77#77:5._ADAMSON_AND_RATTA Adamson] here met, traded, and socially mingled.

81:1.8 It was these enforced [[changes]] in living conditions which caused such a large [[proportion]] of the human race to become [[omnivorous]] in [[Nutrition|dietetic]] [[practice]]. And the combination of the wheat, rice, and vegetable diet with the flesh of the herds marked a great forward step in the [[health]] and [[vigor]] of these [[ancient]] peoples.

81:1.8 It was these enforced [[changes]] in living conditions which caused such a large [[proportion]] of the human race to become [[omnivorous]] in [[Nutrition|dietetic]] [[practice]]. And the combination of the wheat, rice, and vegetable diet with the flesh of the herds marked a great forward step in the [[health]] and [[vigor]] of these [[ancient]] peoples.

81:2.4 While [[fire]], the first great [[discovery]], [[eventually]] unlocked the doors of the [[scientific]] world, it was of little [[value]] in this regard to [[primitive]] man. He refused to [[recognize]] [[natural]] [[causes]] as explanations for commonplace [[phenomena]].

81:2.4 While [[fire]], the first great [[discovery]], [[eventually]] unlocked the doors of the [[scientific]] world, it was of little [[value]] in this regard to [[primitive]] man. He refused to [[recognize]] [[natural]] [[causes]] as explanations for commonplace [[phenomena]].

81:2.5 When asked where [[fire]] came from, the simple [[story]] of [[Andon]] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint flint] was soon replaced by the [[legend]] of how some [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus Prometheus] stole it from [[heaven]]. The [[ancients]] sought a [[supernatural]] [[explanation]] for all [[natural]] [[phenomena]] not within the range of their [[personal]] [[comprehension]]; and many [[moderns]] continue to do this. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanization depersonalization] of so-called [[natural]] [[phenomena]] has required ages, and it is not yet completed. But the frank, [[honest]], and fearless search for true [[causes]] gave [[birth]] to [[modern]] [[science]]: It turned [[astrology]] into [[astronomy]], [[alchemy]] into [[chemistry]], and [[magic]] into [[medicine]].

81:2.5 When asked where [[fire]] came from, the simple [[story]] of [[Andon]] and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint flint] was soon replaced by the [[legend]] of how some [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus Prometheus] stole it from [[heaven]]. The [[ancients]] sought a [[supernatural]] [[explanation]] for all [[natural]] [[phenomena]] not within the range of their [[personal]] [[comprehension]]; and many [[moderns]] continue to do this. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanization depersonalization] of so-called [[natural]] [[phenomena]] has required ages, and it is not yet completed. But the frank, [[honest]], and fearless search for true [[causes]] gave [[birth]] to [[modern]] [[science]]: It turned [[astrology]] into [[astronomy]], [[alchemy]] into [[chemistry]], and [[magic]] into [[medicine]].

81:2.6 In the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-industrial_society premachine] age the only way in which man could accomplish [[work]] without doing it himself was to use an [[animal]]. [[Domestication]] of [[animals]] placed in his hands living [[tools]], the [[intelligent]] use of which [[prepared]] the way for both [[agriculture]] and [[transportation]]. And without these [[animals]] man could not have risen from his [[primitive]] estate to the levels of subsequent [[civilization]].

81:2.6 In the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-industrial_society premachine] age the only way in which man could accomplish [[work]] without doing it himself was to use an [[animal]]. [[Domestication]] of [[animals]] placed in his hands living [[tools]], the [[intelligent]] use of which [[prepared]] the way for both [[agriculture]] and [[transportation]]. And without these [[animals]] man could not have risen from his [[primitive]] estate to the levels of subsequent [[civilization]].

81:2.7 Most of the [[animals]] best suited to [[domestication]] were found in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia Asia], especially in the central to southwest regions. This was one reason why [[civilization]] progressed faster in that locality than in other parts of the world. Many of these [[animals]] had been twice before domesticated, and in the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] age they were retamed once again. But the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog dog] had remained with the [[hunters]] ever since being [[adopted]] by the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#80:3._THE_CRO-MAGNOID_BLUE_MAN blue man] long, long before.

81:2.7 Most of the [[animals]] best suited to [[domestication]] were found in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia Asia], especially in the central to southwest regions. This was one reason why [[civilization]] progressed faster in that locality than in other parts of the world. Many of these [[animals]] had been twice before domesticated, and in the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] age they were retamed once again. But the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog dog] had remained with the [[hunters]] ever since being [[adopted]] by the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#80:3._THE_CRO-MAGNOID_BLUE_MAN blue man] long, long before.

81:2.8 The [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:5._THE_ANDITE_MIGRATIONS Andites] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan] were the first peoples to extensively [[domesticate]] the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse horse], and this is another reason why their [[culture]] was for so long predominant. By [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5000_BC 5000 B.C.] the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia Mesopotamian], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan], and [[Chinese]] [[farmers]] had begun the raising of sheep, goats, cows, camels, horses, fowls, and elephants. They employed as beasts of burden the ox, camel, horse, and yak. Man was himself at one time the beast of burden. One ruler of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#80:3._THE_CRO-MAGNOID_BLUE_MAN blue race] once had one hundred thousand men in his colony of burden bearers.

81:2.8 The [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:5._THE_ANDITE_MIGRATIONS Andites] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan] were the first peoples to extensively [[domesticate]] the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse horse], and this is another reason why their [[culture]] was for so long predominant. By [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5000_BC 5000 B.C.] the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia Mesopotamian], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan], and [[Chinese]] [[farmers]] had begun the raising of sheep, goats, cows, camels, horses, fowls, and elephants. They employed as beasts of burden the ox, camel, horse, and yak. Man was himself at one time the beast of burden. One ruler of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#80:3._THE_CRO-MAGNOID_BLUE_MAN blue race] once had one hundred thousand men in his colony of burden bearers.

81:2.9 The [[institutions]] of [[slavery]] and [[private]] ownership of [[land]] came with [[agriculture]]. [[Slavery]] raised the master's [[standard of living]] and provided more [[leisure]] for [[social]] [[culture]].

81:2.9 The [[institutions]] of [[slavery]] and [[private]] ownership of [[land]] came with [[agriculture]]. [[Slavery]] raised the master's [[standard of living]] and provided more [[leisure]] for [[social]] [[culture]].

81:2.11 Man first simply appropriated his [[shelter]], lived under ledges or dwelt in [[caves]]. Next he [[adapted]] such natural [[materials]] as wood and stone to the [[creation]] of [[family]] huts. Lastly he entered the [[creative]] [[stage]] of [[home]] building, learned to [[manufacture]] brick and other building [[materials]].

81:2.11 Man first simply appropriated his [[shelter]], lived under ledges or dwelt in [[caves]]. Next he [[adapted]] such natural [[materials]] as wood and stone to the [[creation]] of [[family]] huts. Lastly he entered the [[creative]] [[stage]] of [[home]] building, learned to [[manufacture]] brick and other building [[materials]].

81:2.12 The peoples of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan Turkestan highlands] were the first of the more [[modern]] races to build their [[homes]] of wood, houses not at all unlike the early log cabins of the [[American]] [[pioneer]] settlers. Throughout the [[plains]] [[human]] dwellings were made of brick; later on, of burned bricks.

81:2.12 The peoples of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan Turkestan highlands] were the first of the more [[modern]] races to build their [[homes]] of wood, houses not at all unlike the early log cabins of the [[American]] [[pioneer]] settlers. Throughout the [[plains]] [[human]] dwellings were made of brick; later on, of burned bricks.

81:2.13 The older [[river]] races made their huts by setting tall poles in the ground in a [[circle]]; the tops were then brought together, making the skeleton frame for the [[hut]], which was interlaced with transverse reeds, the whole [[creation]] resembling a huge inverted basket. This [[structure]] could then be daubed over with clay and, after drying in the [[sun]], would make a very serviceable weatherproof habitation.

81:2.13 The older [[river]] races made their huts by setting tall poles in the ground in a [[circle]]; the tops were then brought together, making the skeleton frame for the [[hut]], which was interlaced with transverse reeds, the whole [[creation]] resembling a huge inverted basket. This [[structure]] could then be daubed over with clay and, after drying in the [[sun]], would make a very serviceable weatherproof habitation.

81:2.14 It was from these early huts that the subsequent [[idea]] of all sorts of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketry basket weaving] [[independently]] [[originated]]. Among one group the [[idea]] of making [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery pottery] arose from [[observing]] the [[effects]] of smearing these pole frameworks with moist clay. The [[practice]] of hardening pottery by baking was [[discovered]] when one of these clay-covered [[primitive]] [[huts]] [[accidentally]] burned. The [[arts]] of olden days were many times derived from the [[accidental]] occurrences attendant upon the daily life of early peoples. At least, this was almost wholly true of the [[evolutionary]] [[progress]] of [[mankind]] up to the coming of [[Adam]].

81:2.14 It was from these early huts that the subsequent [[idea]] of all sorts of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketry basket weaving] [[independently]] [[originated]]. Among one group the [[idea]] of making [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery pottery] arose from [[observing]] the [[effects]] of smearing these pole frameworks with moist clay. The [[practice]] of hardening pottery by baking was [[discovered]] when one of these clay-covered [[primitive]] [[huts]] [[accidentally]] burned. The [[arts]] of olden days were many times derived from the [[accidental]] occurrences attendant upon the daily life of early peoples. At least, this was almost wholly true of the [[evolutionary]] [[progress]] of [[mankind]] up to the coming of [[Adam]].

81:2.15 While [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery pottery] had been first introduced by [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_66#66:2._THE_PRINCE.27S_STAFF the staff] of [[the Prince]] about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic one-half million years ago], the making of clay vessels had [[practically]] ceased for over one hundred and fifty thousand years. Only the gulf coast pre-Sumerian [[Nodites]] continued to make clay vessels. The art of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery pottery] making was revived during [[Adam]]'s time. The [[dissemination]] of this [[art]] was [[simultaneous]] with the extension of the desert areas of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa Africa], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia Arabia], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asia central Asia], and it spread in successive [[waves]] of improving [[technique]] from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia Mesopotamia] out over the Eastern Hemisphere.

81:2.15 While [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery pottery] had been first introduced by [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_66#66:2._THE_PRINCE.27S_STAFF the staff] of [[the Prince]] about [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic one-half million years ago], the making of clay vessels had [[practically]] ceased for over one hundred and fifty thousand years. Only the gulf coast pre-Sumerian [[Nodites]] continued to make clay vessels. The art of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery pottery] making was revived during [[Adam]]'s time. The [[dissemination]] of this [[art]] was [[simultaneous]] with the extension of the desert areas of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa Africa], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia Arabia], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asia central Asia], and it spread in successive [[waves]] of improving [[technique]] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia Mesopotamia] out over the Eastern Hemisphere.

81:2.16 These [[civilizations]] of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] age cannot always be traced by the [[stages]] of their [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery pottery] or other arts. The smooth [[course]] of [[human]] [[evolution]] was tremendously complicated by the [[regimes]] of both [[Dalamatia]] and [[Eden]]. It often occurs that the later vases and implements are inferior to the earlier products of the purer [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] peoples.

81:2.16 These [[civilizations]] of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] age cannot always be traced by the [[stages]] of their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery pottery] or other arts. The smooth [[course]] of [[human]] [[evolution]] was tremendously complicated by the [[regimes]] of both [[Dalamatia]] and [[Eden]]. It often occurs that the later vases and implements are inferior to the earlier products of the purer [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] peoples.

==81:3. CITIES, MANUFACTURE, AND COMMERCE==

==81:3. CITIES, MANUFACTURE, AND COMMERCE==

81:3.1 The [[climatic]] destruction of the rich, open grassland [[hunting]] and [[Plains|grazing grounds]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan], beginning about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12,000BC 12,000 B.C.], compelled the men of those regions to resort to new forms of [[industry]] and crude [[manufacturing]]. Some turned to the cultivation of [[domesticated]] flocks, others became [[agriculturists]] or collectors of [[water]]-borne [[food]], but the higher type of [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] [[intellects]] chose to [[engage]] in [[trade]] and [[manufacture]]. It even became the [[custom]] for entire [[tribes]] to dedicate themselves to the [[development]] of a single [[industry]]. From the valley of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile Nile] to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_Kush Hindu Kush] and from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges Ganges] to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_River Yellow River], the chief business of the superior [[tribes]] became the cultivation of the [[soil]], with [[commerce]] as a side line.

81:3.1 The [[climatic]] destruction of the rich, open grassland [[hunting]] and [[Plains|grazing grounds]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan], beginning about [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12,000BC 12,000 B.C.], compelled the men of those regions to resort to new forms of [[industry]] and crude [[manufacturing]]. Some turned to the cultivation of [[domesticated]] flocks, others became [[agriculturists]] or collectors of [[water]]-borne [[food]], but the higher type of [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] [[intellects]] chose to [[engage]] in [[trade]] and [[manufacture]]. It even became the [[custom]] for entire [[tribes]] to dedicate themselves to the [[development]] of a single [[industry]]. From the valley of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile Nile] to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_Kush Hindu Kush] and from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges Ganges] to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_River Yellow River], the chief business of the superior [[tribes]] became the cultivation of the [[soil]], with [[commerce]] as a side line.

81:3.2 The increase in [[trade]] and in the [[manufacture]] of raw materials into various articles of [[commerce]] was directly instrumental in producing those early and semipeaceful [[communities]] which were so [[influential]] in spreading the [[culture]] and the [[arts]] of [[civilization]]. Before the era of extensive world trade, [[social]] [[communities]] were [[tribal]]—expanded [[family]] [[groups]]. [[Trade]] brought into [[fellowship]] different sorts of [[human beings]], thus contributing to a more speedy cross-fertilization of [[culture]].

81:3.2 The increase in [[trade]] and in the [[manufacture]] of raw materials into various articles of [[commerce]] was directly instrumental in producing those early and semipeaceful [[communities]] which were so [[influential]] in spreading the [[culture]] and the [[arts]] of [[civilization]]. Before the era of extensive world trade, [[social]] [[communities]] were [[tribal]]—expanded [[family]] [[groups]]. [[Trade]] brought into [[fellowship]] different sorts of [[human beings]], thus contributing to a more speedy cross-fertilization of [[culture]].

81:3.3 About [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10,000_BC twelve thousand years ago] the era of the [[independent]] [[cities]] was dawning. And these [[primitive]] trading and [[manufacturing]] [[cities]] were always surrounded by zones of [[agriculture]] and cattle raising. While it is true that [[industry]] was promoted by the elevation of the [[standards of living]], you should have no misconception regarding the refinements of early [[urban]] life. The early races were not overly neat and clean, and the [[average]] [[primitive]] [[community]] rose from one to two feet every twenty-five years as the result of the mere accumulation of dirt and trash. Certain of these olden [[cities]] also rose above the [[surrounding]] ground very quickly because their unbaked mud [[huts]] were short-lived, and it was the [[custom]] to build new dwellings directly on top of the [[ruins]] of the old.

81:3.3 About [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10,000_BC twelve thousand years ago] the era of the [[independent]] [[cities]] was dawning. And these [[primitive]] trading and [[manufacturing]] [[cities]] were always surrounded by zones of [[agriculture]] and cattle raising. While it is true that [[industry]] was promoted by the elevation of the [[standards of living]], you should have no misconception regarding the refinements of early [[urban]] life. The early races were not overly neat and clean, and the [[average]] [[primitive]] [[community]] rose from one to two feet every twenty-five years as the result of the mere accumulation of dirt and trash. Certain of these olden [[cities]] also rose above the [[surrounding]] ground very quickly because their unbaked mud [[huts]] were short-lived, and it was the [[custom]] to build new dwellings directly on top of the [[ruins]] of the old.

81:3.4 The widespread use of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal metals] was a feature of this era of the early [[industrial]] and trading [[cities]]. You have already found a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age#Persian_Plateau bronze culture] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan] dating before 9000 B.C., and the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites] early learned to work in iron, gold, and copper, as well. But conditions were very [[different]] away from the more advanced [[centers]] of [[civilization]]. There were no distinct periods, such as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Age Stone], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age Bronze], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age Iron Ages]; all three existed at the same time in [[different]] localities.

81:3.4 The widespread use of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal metals] was a feature of this era of the early [[industrial]] and trading [[cities]]. You have already found a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age#Persian_Plateau bronze culture] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan] dating before 9000 B.C., and the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites] early learned to work in iron, gold, and copper, as well. But conditions were very [[different]] away from the more advanced [[centers]] of [[civilization]]. There were no distinct periods, such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Age Stone], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age Bronze], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age Iron Ages]; all three existed at the same time in [[different]] localities.

81:3.5 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold Gold] was the first [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal metal] to be sought by man; it was easy to [[work]] and, at first, was used only as an ornament. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper Copper] was next employed but not extensively until it was admixed with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin tin] to make the harder [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze bronze]. The [[discovery]] of mixing copper and tin to make bronze was made by one of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_77#77:5._ADAMSON_AND_RATTA Adamsonites] of Turkestan whose highland copper mine happened to be located alongside a tin deposit.

81:3.5 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold Gold] was the first [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal metal] to be sought by man; it was easy to [[work]] and, at first, was used only as an ornament. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper Copper] was next employed but not extensively until it was admixed with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin tin] to make the harder [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze bronze]. The [[discovery]] of mixing copper and tin to make bronze was made by one of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_77#77:5._ADAMSON_AND_RATTA Adamsonites] of Turkestan whose highland copper mine happened to be located alongside a tin deposit.

81:3.6 With the [[appearance]] of crude [[manufacture]] and beginning [[industry]], [[commerce]] quickly became the most [[potent]] [[influence]] in the spread of cultural [[civilization]]. The opening up of the [[trade]] [[channels]] by [[land]] and by [[sea]] greatly facilitated [[travel]] and the mixing of [[cultures]] as well as the blending of [[civilizations]]. By [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5000_BC 5000 B.C.] the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse horse] was in general use throughout civilized and semicivilized lands. These later races not only had the domesticated horse but also various sorts of wagons and chariots. Ages before, the [[wheel]] had been used, but now vehicles so equipped became [[universally]] employed both in [[commerce]] and [[war]].

81:3.6 With the [[appearance]] of crude [[manufacture]] and beginning [[industry]], [[commerce]] quickly became the most [[potent]] [[influence]] in the spread of cultural [[civilization]]. The opening up of the [[trade]] [[channels]] by [[land]] and by [[sea]] greatly facilitated [[travel]] and the mixing of [[cultures]] as well as the blending of [[civilizations]]. By [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5000_BC 5000 B.C.] the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse horse] was in general use throughout civilized and semicivilized lands. These later races not only had the domesticated horse but also various sorts of wagons and chariots. Ages before, the [[wheel]] had been used, but now vehicles so equipped became [[universally]] employed both in [[commerce]] and [[war]].

81:3.7 The [[traveling]] [[trader]] and the roving [[explorer]] did more to advance [[historic]] [[civilization]] than all other [[influences]] combined. [[Military]] [[conquests]], colonization, and missionary [[enterprises]] fostered by the later [[religions]] were also factors in the spread of [[culture]]; but these were all secondary to the [[Commerce|trading]] [[relations]], which were ever [[accelerated]] by the rapidly developing [[arts]] and [[sciences]] of [[industry]].

81:3.7 The [[traveling]] [[trader]] and the roving [[explorer]] did more to advance [[historic]] [[civilization]] than all other [[influences]] combined. [[Military]] [[conquests]], colonization, and missionary [[enterprises]] fostered by the later [[religions]] were also factors in the spread of [[culture]]; but these were all secondary to the [[Commerce|trading]] [[relations]], which were ever [[accelerated]] by the rapidly developing [[arts]] and [[sciences]] of [[industry]].

81:3.8 Infusion of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE Adamic stock] into the [[human]] races not only quickened the pace of [[civilization]], but it also greatly [[stimulated]] their proclivities toward [[adventure]] and [[exploration]] to the end that most of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasia Eurasia] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Africa northern Africa] was presently occupied by the rapidly multiplying mixed descendants of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites].

81:3.8 Infusion of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE Adamic stock] into the [[human]] races not only quickened the pace of [[civilization]], but it also greatly [[stimulated]] their proclivities toward [[adventure]] and [[exploration]] to the end that most of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasia Eurasia] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Africa northern Africa] was presently occupied by the rapidly multiplying mixed descendants of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites].

==81:4. THE MIXED RACES==

==81:4. THE MIXED RACES==

81:4.1 As [[contact]] is made with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Mediterranean_region#Dawn_of_civilization dawn of historic times], all of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasia Eurasia], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Africa northern Africa], and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesia Pacific Islands] is overspread with the [[composite]] races of [[mankind]]. And these races of today have resulted from a blending and reblending of the five basic human stocks of [[Urantia]].

81:4.1 As [[contact]] is made with the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Mediterranean_region#Dawn_of_civilization dawn of historic times], all of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasia Eurasia], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Africa northern Africa], and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesia Pacific Islands] is overspread with the [[composite]] races of [[mankind]]. And these races of today have resulted from a blending and reblending of the five basic human stocks of [[Urantia]].

81:4.2 Each of the [[Urantia]] races was identified by certain distinguishing [[physical]] characteristics. The [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:2._THE_ADAMITES_IN_THE_SECOND_GARDEN Adamites] and [[Nodites]] were long-headed; the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:1._THE_ANDONIC_ABORIGINES Andonites] were broad-headed. The [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Sangik races] were medium-headed, with the yellow and blue men tending to broad-headedness. The [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#80:3._THE_CRO-MAGNOID_BLUE_MAN blue races], when mixed with the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_63_-_The_First_Human_Family#63:5._DISPERSION_OF_THE_ANDONITES Andonite] stock, were decidedly broad-headed. The secondary Sangiks were medium- to long-headed.

81:4.2 Each of the [[Urantia]] races was identified by certain distinguishing [[physical]] characteristics. The [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:2._THE_ADAMITES_IN_THE_SECOND_GARDEN Adamites] and [[Nodites]] were long-headed; the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:1._THE_ANDONIC_ABORIGINES Andonites] were broad-headed. The [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Sangik races] were medium-headed, with the yellow and blue men tending to broad-headedness. The [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#80:3._THE_CRO-MAGNOID_BLUE_MAN blue races], when mixed with the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_63_-_The_First_Human_Family#63:5._DISPERSION_OF_THE_ANDONITES Andonite] stock, were decidedly broad-headed. The secondary Sangiks were medium- to long-headed.

81:4.3 Although these [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_racism#Craniometry_and_physical_anthropology skull dimensions] are serviceable in deciphering [[racial]] [[origins]], the [[skeleton]] as a whole is far more dependable. In the early [[development]] of the [[Urantia]] races there were originally five distinct types of [[skeletal]] [[structure]]:

81:4.3 Although these [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_racism#Craniometry_and_physical_anthropology skull dimensions] are serviceable in deciphering [[racial]] [[origins]], the [[skeleton]] as a whole is far more dependable. In the early [[development]] of the [[Urantia]] races there were originally five distinct types of [[skeletal]] [[structure]]:

*1. [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:1._THE_ANDONIC_ABORIGINES Andonic], [[Urantia]] [[aborigines]].

*1. [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:1._THE_ANDONIC_ABORIGINES Andonic], [[Urantia]] [[aborigines]].

*2. [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Primary Sangik], red, yellow, and blue.

*2. [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Primary Sangik], red, yellow, and blue.

*3. [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Secondary Sangik], orange, green, and indigo.

*3. [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Secondary Sangik], orange, green, and indigo.

*4. [[Nodites]], descendants of the [[Dalamatians]].

*4. [[Nodites]], descendants of the [[Dalamatians]].

*5. [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:2._THE_ADAMITES_IN_THE_SECOND_GARDEN Adamites], the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE violet race].

*5. [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:2._THE_ADAMITES_IN_THE_SECOND_GARDEN Adamites], the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE violet race].

81:4.4 As these five great [[racial]] [[groups]] extensively intermingled, continual mixture tended to obscure the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_63_-_The_First_Human_Family#63:5._DISPERSION_OF_THE_ANDONITES Andonite] type by [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Sangik] [[hereditary]] [[dominance]]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapps Lapps] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskimos Eskimos] are blends of Andonite and Sangik-blue races. Their [[skeletal]] [[structures]] come the nearest to preserving the [[aboriginal]] [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:1._THE_ANDONIC_ABORIGINES Andonic] type. But the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:2._THE_ADAMITES_IN_THE_SECOND_GARDEN Adamites] and the [[Nodites]] have become so admixed with the other races that they can be detected only as a generalized [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasian_race Caucasoid] order.

81:4.4 As these five great [[racial]] [[groups]] extensively intermingled, continual mixture tended to obscure the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_63_-_The_First_Human_Family#63:5._DISPERSION_OF_THE_ANDONITES Andonite] type by [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Sangik] [[hereditary]] [[dominance]]. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapps Lapps] and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskimos Eskimos] are blends of Andonite and Sangik-blue races. Their [[skeletal]] [[structures]] come the nearest to preserving the [[aboriginal]] [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:1._THE_ANDONIC_ABORIGINES Andonic] type. But the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:2._THE_ADAMITES_IN_THE_SECOND_GARDEN Adamites] and the [[Nodites]] have become so admixed with the other races that they can be detected only as a generalized [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasian_race Caucasoid] order.

81:4.5 In general, therefore, as the [[human]] [[remains]] of the last twenty thousand years are unearthed, it will be impossible clearly to distinguish the five [[original]] types. [[Study]] of such [[skeletal]] [[structures]] will disclose that [[mankind]] is now divided into approximately [[three]] classes:

81:4.5 In general, therefore, as the [[human]] [[remains]] of the last twenty thousand years are unearthed, it will be impossible clearly to distinguish the five [[original]] types. [[Study]] of such [[skeletal]] [[structures]] will disclose that [[mankind]] is now divided into approximately [[three]] classes:

*1. 81:4.6 1. ''The Caucasoid'' —the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] blend of the [[Nodite]] and [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE Adamic] stocks, further modified by primary and (some) secondary [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Sangik] admixture and by considerable [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:1._THE_ANDONIC_ABORIGINES Andonic] crossing. The Occidental [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#80:9._THE_THREE_WHITE_RACES white races], together with some [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_of_India Indian] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turanian Turanian] peoples, are included in this group. The unifying [[factor]] in this division is the greater or lesser [[proportion]] of [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] inheritance.

*1. 81:4.6 1. ''The Caucasoid'' —the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] blend of the [[Nodite]] and [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE Adamic] stocks, further modified by primary and (some) secondary [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Sangik] admixture and by considerable [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:1._THE_ANDONIC_ABORIGINES Andonic] crossing. The Occidental [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_80#80:9._THE_THREE_WHITE_RACES white races], together with some [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_of_India Indian] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turanian Turanian] peoples, are included in this group. The unifying [[factor]] in this division is the greater or lesser [[proportion]] of [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] inheritance.

*2. 81:4.7 2. ''The Mongoloid'' —the primary [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Sangik] type, including the [[original]] red, yellow, and blue races. The [[Chinese]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American Amerinds] belong to this group. In [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe Europe] the Mongoloid type has been [[modified]] by secondary Sangik and Andonic mixture; still more by Andite infusion. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian Malayan] and other [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia Indonesian] peoples are included in this [[classification]], though they contain a high percentage of secondary [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Sangik] blood.

*2. 81:4.7 2. ''The Mongoloid'' —the primary [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Sangik] type, including the [[original]] red, yellow, and blue races. The [[Chinese]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American Amerinds] belong to this group. In [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe Europe] the Mongoloid type has been [[modified]] by secondary Sangik and Andonic mixture; still more by Andite infusion. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian Malayan] and other [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia Indonesian] peoples are included in this [[classification]], though they contain a high percentage of secondary [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:6._THE_SIX_SANGIK_RACES_OF_URANTIA Sangik] blood.

*3. 81:4.8 3. ''The Negroid'' —the secondary Sangik type, which originally included the orange, green, and indigo races. This is the type best [[illustrated]] by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negro Negro], and it will be found through [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa Africa], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia Indonesia] wherever the secondary Sangik races located.

*3. 81:4.8 3. ''The Negroid'' —the secondary Sangik type, which originally included the orange, green, and indigo races. This is the type best [[illustrated]] by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negro Negro], and it will be found through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa Africa], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia Indonesia] wherever the secondary Sangik races located.

81:4.9 In [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_China North China] there is a certain blending of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasoid Caucasoid] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloid Mongoloid] types; in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant Levant] the Caucasoid and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negroid Negroid] have intermingled; in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India], as in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America South America], all [[three]] types are [[represented]]. And the [[skeletal]] characteristics of the three [[surviving]] types still [[persist]] and help to identify the later [[ancestry]] of present-day [[human]] races.

81:4.9 In [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_China North China] there is a certain blending of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasoid Caucasoid] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloid Mongoloid] types; in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant Levant] the Caucasoid and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negroid Negroid] have intermingled; in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India], as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America South America], all [[three]] types are [[represented]]. And the [[skeletal]] characteristics of the three [[surviving]] types still [[persist]] and help to identify the later [[ancestry]] of present-day [[human]] races.

==81:5. CULTURAL SOCIETY==

==81:5. CULTURAL SOCIETY==

81:5.1 [[Biologic]] [[evolution]] and [[cultural]] [[civilization]] are not necessarily correlated; [[organic]] evolution in any age may proceed unhindered in the very midst of [[cultural]] [[decadence]]. But when lengthy periods of [[human]] [[history]] are surveyed, it will be [[observed]] that [[eventually]] [[evolution]] and [[culture]] become [[related]] as [[cause]] and [[effect]]. [[Evolution]] may advance in the [[absence]] of [[culture]], but cultural [[civilization]] does not flourish without an adequate background of antecedent [[racial]] [[progression]]. [[Adam and Eve]] introduced no [[art]] of [[civilization]] foreign to the [[progress]] of [[human]] [[society]], but the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE Adamic blood] did augment the [[inherent]] [[ability]] of the [[races]] and did [[accelerate]] the pace of [[economic]] [[development]] and [[industrial]] [[progression]]. [[Adam]]'s [[bestowal]] improved the [[brain]] [[power]] of the races, thereby greatly hastening the [[processes]] of [[natural]] [[evolution]].

81:5.1 [[Biologic]] [[evolution]] and [[cultural]] [[civilization]] are not necessarily correlated; [[organic]] evolution in any age may proceed unhindered in the very midst of [[cultural]] [[decadence]]. But when lengthy periods of [[human]] [[history]] are surveyed, it will be [[observed]] that [[eventually]] [[evolution]] and [[culture]] become [[related]] as [[cause]] and [[effect]]. [[Evolution]] may advance in the [[absence]] of [[culture]], but cultural [[civilization]] does not flourish without an adequate background of antecedent [[racial]] [[progression]]. [[Adam and Eve]] introduced no [[art]] of [[civilization]] foreign to the [[progress]] of [[human]] [[society]], but the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE Adamic blood] did augment the [[inherent]] [[ability]] of the [[races]] and did [[accelerate]] the pace of [[economic]] [[development]] and [[industrial]] [[progression]]. [[Adam]]'s [[bestowal]] improved the [[brain]] [[power]] of the races, thereby greatly hastening the [[processes]] of [[natural]] [[evolution]].

81:5.2 Through [[agriculture]], [[animal]] [[domestication]], and improved architecture, [[mankind]] gradually [[escaped]] the worst of the incessant [[struggle]] to live and began to cast about to find wherewith to sweeten the [[process]] of living; and this was the beginning of the striving for higher and ever higher [[standards]] of [[material]] [[comfort]]. Through [[manufacture]] and [[industry]] man is [[gradually]] augmenting the [[pleasure]] [[content]] of [[mortal]] life.

81:5.2 Through [[agriculture]], [[animal]] [[domestication]], and improved architecture, [[mankind]] gradually [[escaped]] the worst of the incessant [[struggle]] to live and began to cast about to find wherewith to sweeten the [[process]] of living; and this was the beginning of the striving for higher and ever higher [[standards]] of [[material]] [[comfort]]. Through [[manufacture]] and [[industry]] man is [[gradually]] augmenting the [[pleasure]] [[content]] of [[mortal]] life.

==81:6. THE MAINTENANCE OF CIVILIZATION==

==81:6. THE MAINTENANCE OF CIVILIZATION==

81:6.1 While [[biologic]] [[evolution]] has proceeded ever upward, much of [[cultural]] [[evolution]] went out from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphrates Euphrates valley] in [[waves]], which successively weakened as [[time]] passed until finally the whole of the [[pure]]-line [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE Adamic] [[posterity]] had gone forth to enrich the [[civilizations]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia Asia] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe Europe]. The races did not fully blend, but their [[civilizations]] did to a considerable extent mix. [[Culture]] did slowly spread throughout the world. And this [[civilization]] must be [[maintained]] and fostered, for there exist today no new [[sources]] of [[culture]], no [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites] to invigorate and [[stimulate]] the slow [[progress]] of the [[evolution]] of [[civilization]].

81:6.1 While [[biologic]] [[evolution]] has proceeded ever upward, much of [[cultural]] [[evolution]] went out from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphrates Euphrates valley] in [[waves]], which successively weakened as [[time]] passed until finally the whole of the [[pure]]-line [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE Adamic] [[posterity]] had gone forth to enrich the [[civilizations]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia Asia] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe Europe]. The races did not fully blend, but their [[civilizations]] did to a considerable extent mix. [[Culture]] did slowly spread throughout the world. And this [[civilization]] must be [[maintained]] and fostered, for there exist today no new [[sources]] of [[culture]], no [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites] to invigorate and [[stimulate]] the slow [[progress]] of the [[evolution]] of [[civilization]].

81:6.2 The [[civilization]] which is now [[evolving]] on [[Urantia]] grew out of, and is predicated on, the following [[factors]]:

81:6.2 The [[civilization]] which is now [[evolving]] on [[Urantia]] grew out of, and is predicated on, the following [[factors]]:

81:6.3 1. ''Natural circumstances''. The [[nature]] and extent of a [[material]] [[civilization]] is in large [[measure]] determined by the [[natural]] [[resources]] available. [[Climate]], [[weather]], and numerous [[physical]] conditions are factors in the [[evolution]] of [[culture]].

81:6.3 1. ''Natural circumstances''. The [[nature]] and extent of a [[material]] [[civilization]] is in large [[measure]] determined by the [[natural]] [[resources]] available. [[Climate]], [[weather]], and numerous [[physical]] conditions are factors in the [[evolution]] of [[culture]].

81:6.4 At the opening of the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] era there were only two extensive and fertile open [[hunting]] areas in all the world. One was in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America] and was overspread by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas Amerinds]; the other was to the north of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan] and was partly occupied by an [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:1._THE_ANDONIC_ABORIGINES Andonic]-yellow race. The decisive [[factors]] in the [[evolution]] of a superior [[culture]] in southwestern Asia were [[race]] and [[climate]]. The [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites] were a great people, but the crucial [[factor]] in determining the [[course]] of their [[civilization]] was the increasing [[aridity]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran Iran], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkiang Sinkiang], which forced them to [[invent]] and [[adopt]] new and advanced [[methods]] of wresting a livelihood from their decreasingly [[fertile]] [[lands]].

81:6.4 At the opening of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] era there were only two extensive and fertile open [[hunting]] areas in all the world. One was in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America] and was overspread by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas Amerinds]; the other was to the north of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan] and was partly occupied by an [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_64#64:1._THE_ANDONIC_ABORIGINES Andonic]-yellow race. The decisive [[factors]] in the [[evolution]] of a superior [[culture]] in southwestern Asia were [[race]] and [[climate]]. The [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites] were a great people, but the crucial [[factor]] in determining the [[course]] of their [[civilization]] was the increasing [[aridity]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran Iran], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkiang Sinkiang], which forced them to [[invent]] and [[adopt]] new and advanced [[methods]] of wresting a livelihood from their decreasingly [[fertile]] [[lands]].

81:6.5 The [[configuration]] of [[continents]] and other [[land]]-arrangement situations are very [[influential]] in determining [[peace]] or [[war]]. Very few Urantians have ever had such a favorable [[opportunity]] for continuous and unmolested [[development]] as has been enjoyed by the [[peoples]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America]—protected on practically all sides by vast [[oceans]].

81:6.5 The [[configuration]] of [[continents]] and other [[land]]-arrangement situations are very [[influential]] in determining [[peace]] or [[war]]. Very few Urantians have ever had such a favorable [[opportunity]] for continuous and unmolested [[development]] as has been enjoyed by the [[peoples]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America]—protected on practically all sides by vast [[oceans]].

81:6.6 2. ''Capital goods''. [[Culture]] is never developed under conditions of [[poverty]]; [[leisure]] is [[essential]] to the [[progress]] of [[civilization]]. [[Individual]] [[character]] of [[moral]] and [[spiritual]] [[value]] may be acquired in the [[absence]] of [[material]] [[wealth]], but a cultural [[civilization]] is only derived from those conditions of [[material]] [[prosperity]] which foster [[leisure]] combined with [[ambition]].

81:6.6 2. ''Capital goods''. [[Culture]] is never developed under conditions of [[poverty]]; [[leisure]] is [[essential]] to the [[progress]] of [[civilization]]. [[Individual]] [[character]] of [[moral]] and [[spiritual]] [[value]] may be acquired in the [[absence]] of [[material]] [[wealth]], but a cultural [[civilization]] is only derived from those conditions of [[material]] [[prosperity]] which foster [[leisure]] combined with [[ambition]].

81:6.7 During [[primitive]] times life on [[Urantia]] was a serious and sober [[business]]. And it was to [[escape]] this incessant [[struggle]] and interminable toil that [[mankind]] constantly tended to drift toward the salubrious [[climate]] of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropics tropics]. While these warmer zones of habitation afforded some remission from the [[intense]] [[struggle]] for [[existence]], the races and [[tribes]] who thus sought ease seldom utilized their unearned [[leisure]] for the advancement of [[civilization]]. [[Social]] [[progress]] has invariably come from the [[thoughts]] and [[plans]] of those races that have, by their [[intelligent]] toil, learned how to wrest a living from the [[land]] with lessened [[effort]] and shortened days of [[labor]] and thus have been able to [[enjoy]] a well-earned and profitable margin of [[leisure]].

81:6.7 During [[primitive]] times life on [[Urantia]] was a serious and sober [[business]]. And it was to [[escape]] this incessant [[struggle]] and interminable toil that [[mankind]] constantly tended to drift toward the salubrious [[climate]] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropics tropics]. While these warmer zones of habitation afforded some remission from the [[intense]] [[struggle]] for [[existence]], the races and [[tribes]] who thus sought ease seldom utilized their unearned [[leisure]] for the advancement of [[civilization]]. [[Social]] [[progress]] has invariably come from the [[thoughts]] and [[plans]] of those races that have, by their [[intelligent]] toil, learned how to wrest a living from the [[land]] with lessened [[effort]] and shortened days of [[labor]] and thus have been able to [[enjoy]] a well-earned and profitable margin of [[leisure]].

81:6.8 3. ''Scientific knowledge''. The [[material]] aspects of [[civilization]] must always await the accumulation of [[scientific]] [[data]]. It was a long time after the [[discovery]] of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_and_arrow bow and arrow] and the utilization of [[animals]] for [[power]] [[purposes]] before man learned how to harness [[wind]] and [[water]], to be followed by the employment of [[steam]] and [[electricity]]. But slowly the [[tools]] of [[civilization]] improved. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving Weaving], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery pottery], the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestication domestication] of animals, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy metalworking] were followed by an age of [[writing]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing printing].

81:6.8 3. ''Scientific knowledge''. The [[material]] aspects of [[civilization]] must always await the accumulation of [[scientific]] [[data]]. It was a long time after the [[discovery]] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_and_arrow bow and arrow] and the utilization of [[animals]] for [[power]] [[purposes]] before man learned how to harness [[wind]] and [[water]], to be followed by the employment of [[steam]] and [[electricity]]. But slowly the [[tools]] of [[civilization]] improved. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving Weaving], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery pottery], the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestication domestication] of animals, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy metalworking] were followed by an age of [[writing]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing printing].

81:6.9 [[Knowledge]] is [[power]]. [[Invention]] always precedes the [[acceleration]] of [[cultural]] [[development]] on a world-wide [[scale]]. [[Science]] and [[invention]] benefited most of all from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_Press printing press], and the interaction of all these [[cultural]] and inventive [[activities]] has enormously [[accelerated]] the [[rate]] of cultural advancement.

81:6.9 [[Knowledge]] is [[power]]. [[Invention]] always precedes the [[acceleration]] of [[cultural]] [[development]] on a world-wide [[scale]]. [[Science]] and [[invention]] benefited most of all from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_Press printing press], and the interaction of all these [[cultural]] and inventive [[activities]] has enormously [[accelerated]] the [[rate]] of cultural advancement.

81:6.10 [[Science]] teaches man to speak the new [[language]] of [[mathematics]] and trains his [[thoughts]] along lines of exacting [[precision]]. And science also stabilizes [[philosophy]] through the elimination of [[error]], while it purifies [[religion]] by the destruction of [[superstition]].

81:6.10 [[Science]] teaches man to speak the new [[language]] of [[mathematics]] and trains his [[thoughts]] along lines of exacting [[precision]]. And science also stabilizes [[philosophy]] through the elimination of [[error]], while it purifies [[religion]] by the destruction of [[superstition]].

81:6.11 4. ''Human resources''. Man power is indispensable to the spread of [[civilization]]. All [[things]] [[equal]], a numerous people will [[dominate]] the [[civilization]] of a smaller race. Hence failure to increase in [[numbers]] up to a certain point prevents the full [[realization]] of [[national]] [[destiny]], but there comes a point in [[population]] increase where further [[growth]] is [[suicidal]]. Multiplication of numbers beyond the optimum of the [[normal]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-land_ratio man-land ratio] means either a lowering of the [[standards of living]] or an [[immediate]] expansion of territorial boundaries by peaceful penetration or by [[military]] [[conquest]], forcible occupation.

81:6.11 4. ''Human resources''. Man power is indispensable to the spread of [[civilization]]. All [[things]] [[equal]], a numerous people will [[dominate]] the [[civilization]] of a smaller race. Hence failure to increase in [[numbers]] up to a certain point prevents the full [[realization]] of [[national]] [[destiny]], but there comes a point in [[population]] increase where further [[growth]] is [[suicidal]]. Multiplication of numbers beyond the optimum of the [[normal]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-land_ratio man-land ratio] means either a lowering of the [[standards of living]] or an [[immediate]] expansion of territorial boundaries by peaceful penetration or by [[military]] [[conquest]], forcible occupation.

81:6.12 You are sometimes shocked at the ravages of [[war]], but you should [[recognize]] the [[necessity]] for producing large [[numbers]] of [[mortals]] so as to afford ample [[opportunity]] for [[social]] and [[moral]] [[development]]; with such planetary [[fertility]] there soon occurs the serious [[problem]] of overpopulation. Most of the [[inhabited worlds]] are small. [[Urantia]] is [[average]], perhaps a trifle undersized. The optimum [[stabilization]] of national [[population]] enhances [[culture]] and prevents [[war]]. And it is a [[wise]] nation which knows when to cease growing.

81:6.12 You are sometimes shocked at the ravages of [[war]], but you should [[recognize]] the [[necessity]] for producing large [[numbers]] of [[mortals]] so as to afford ample [[opportunity]] for [[social]] and [[moral]] [[development]]; with such planetary [[fertility]] there soon occurs the serious [[problem]] of overpopulation. Most of the [[inhabited worlds]] are small. [[Urantia]] is [[average]], perhaps a trifle undersized. The optimum [[stabilization]] of national [[population]] enhances [[culture]] and prevents [[war]]. And it is a [[wise]] nation which knows when to cease growing.

81:6.23 8. ''Character of torchbearers''. [[Social]] inheritance enables man to stand on the shoulders of all who have preceded him, and who have [[contributed]] aught to the sum of [[culture]] and [[knowledge]]. In this [[work]] of passing on the cultural torch to the next [[generation]], the [[home]] will ever be the basic [[institution]]. The [[play]] and [[social]] life comes next, with the school last but equally indispensable in a [[complex]] and highly [[organized]] [[society]].

81:6.23 8. ''Character of torchbearers''. [[Social]] inheritance enables man to stand on the shoulders of all who have preceded him, and who have [[contributed]] aught to the sum of [[culture]] and [[knowledge]]. In this [[work]] of passing on the cultural torch to the next [[generation]], the [[home]] will ever be the basic [[institution]]. The [[play]] and [[social]] life comes next, with the school last but equally indispensable in a [[complex]] and highly [[organized]] [[society]].

81:6.24 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insects Insects] are [[born]] fully educated and equipped for life—indeed, a very narrow and [[purely]] [[instinctive]] [[existence]]. The human baby is born without an [[education]]; therefore man possesses the [[power]], by controlling the educational [[training]] of the younger [[generation]], greatly to [[modify]] the [[evolutionary]] [[course]] of [[civilization]].

81:6.24 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insects Insects] are [[born]] fully educated and equipped for life—indeed, a very narrow and [[purely]] [[instinctive]] [[existence]]. The human baby is born without an [[education]]; therefore man possesses the [[power]], by controlling the educational [[training]] of the younger [[generation]], greatly to [[modify]] the [[evolutionary]] [[course]] of [[civilization]].

81:6.25 The greatest [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century twentieth-century] [[influences]] contributing to the furtherance of [[civilization]] and the advancement of [[culture]] are the marked increase in world [[travel]] and the unparalleled improvements in [[methods]] of [[communication]]. But the improvement in [[education]] has not kept pace with the expanding [[social]] [[structure]]; neither has the [[modern]] [[appreciation]] of [[ethics]] developed in [[correspondence]] with [[growth]] along more purely [[intellectual]] and [[scientific]] lines. And modern [[civilization]] is at a standstill in [[spiritual]] [[development]] and the safeguarding of the [[home]] [[institution]].

81:6.25 The greatest [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century twentieth-century] [[influences]] contributing to the furtherance of [[civilization]] and the advancement of [[culture]] are the marked increase in world [[travel]] and the unparalleled improvements in [[methods]] of [[communication]]. But the improvement in [[education]] has not kept pace with the expanding [[social]] [[structure]]; neither has the [[modern]] [[appreciation]] of [[ethics]] developed in [[correspondence]] with [[growth]] along more purely [[intellectual]] and [[scientific]] lines. And modern [[civilization]] is at a standstill in [[spiritual]] [[development]] and the safeguarding of the [[home]] [[institution]].

81:6.26 9. ''The racial ideals''. The [[ideals]] of one [[generation]] carve out the [[channels]] of [[destiny]] for immediate posterity. The [[quality]] of the social torchbearers will determine whether [[civilization]] goes forward or backward. The [[homes]], churches, and schools of one [[generation]] predetermine the [[character]] [[trend]] of the [[succeeding]] [[generation]]. The [[moral]] and [[spiritual]] [[momentum]] of a race or a nation largely determines the [[cultural]] [[velocity]] of that [[civilization]].

81:6.26 9. ''The racial ideals''. The [[ideals]] of one [[generation]] carve out the [[channels]] of [[destiny]] for immediate posterity. The [[quality]] of the social torchbearers will determine whether [[civilization]] goes forward or backward. The [[homes]], churches, and schools of one [[generation]] predetermine the [[character]] [[trend]] of the [[succeeding]] [[generation]]. The [[moral]] and [[spiritual]] [[momentum]] of a race or a nation largely determines the [[cultural]] [[velocity]] of that [[civilization]].

81:6.42 [[Leadership]] is vital to [[progress]]. [[Wisdom]], [[insight]], and [[foresight]] are indispensable to the [[endurance]] of [[nations]]. [[Civilization]] is never really jeopardized until able [[leadership]] begins to vanish. And the [[quantity]] of such [[wise]] [[leadership]] has never exceeded one per cent of the [[population]].

81:6.42 [[Leadership]] is vital to [[progress]]. [[Wisdom]], [[insight]], and [[foresight]] are indispensable to the [[endurance]] of [[nations]]. [[Civilization]] is never really jeopardized until able [[leadership]] begins to vanish. And the [[quantity]] of such [[wise]] [[leadership]] has never exceeded one per cent of the [[population]].

81:6.43 And it was by these rungs on the [[evolutionary]] ladder that [[civilization]] climbed to that place where those mighty [[influences]] could be [[initiated]] which have culminated in the rapidly expanding [[culture]] of the [http://en.wikpedia.org/wiki/20th_Century twentieth century]. And only by [[adherence]] to these [[essentials]] can man [[hope]] to [[maintain]] his present-day [[civilizations]] while providing for their continued [[development]] and certain [[survival]].

81:6.43 And it was by these rungs on the [[evolutionary]] ladder that [[civilization]] climbed to that place where those mighty [[influences]] could be [[initiated]] which have culminated in the rapidly expanding [[culture]] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century twentieth century]. And only by [[adherence]] to these [[essentials]] can man [[hope]] to [[maintain]] his present-day [[civilizations]] while providing for their continued [[development]] and certain [[survival]].

81:6.44 This is the gist of the long, long [[struggle]] of the peoples of [[earth]] to [[establish]] [[civilization]] since the age of [[Adam]]. Present-day [[culture]] is the net result of this strenuous [[evolution]]. Before the [[discovery]] of [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_press printing], [[progress]] was [[relatively]] slow since one [[generation]] could not so rapidly benefit from the [[achievements]] of its predecessors. But now [[human]] [[society]] is plunging forward under the [[force]] of the accumulated [[momentum]] of all the ages through which [[civilization]] has struggled.

81:6.44 This is the gist of the long, long [[struggle]] of the peoples of [[earth]] to [[establish]] [[civilization]] since the age of [[Adam]]. Present-day [[culture]] is the net result of this strenuous [[evolution]]. Before the [[discovery]] of [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_press printing], [[progress]] was [[relatively]] slow since one [[generation]] could not so rapidly benefit from the [[achievements]] of its predecessors. But now [[human]] [[society]] is plunging forward under the [[force]] of the accumulated [[momentum]] of all the ages through which [[civilization]] has struggled.

81:6.45 Sponsored by an [[Archangel]] of [[Nebadon]].

81:6.45 Sponsored by an [[Archangel]] of [[Nebadon]].

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[[Category: PART III: The History of Urantia]]

[[Category: PART III: The History of Urantia]]