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Philo was probably born with the name Julius Philo. Philo came from an aristocratic [[family]] who lived in Alexandria for generations. His ancestors and family were contemporaries to the rule of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty Ptolemaic dynasty] and the rule of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucid_Empire Seleucid Empire]. Although the names of his [[parents]] are [[unknown]], Philo came from a family who were [[noble]], honourable and [[wealthy]]. It was either his father or paternal grandfather who was granted Roman citizenship from Roman dictator Gaius [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar Julius Caesar]. Philo had two brothers Alexander the Alabarch and Lysimachus.

Philo was probably born with the name Julius Philo. Philo came from an aristocratic [[family]] who lived in Alexandria for generations. His ancestors and family were contemporaries to the rule of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty Ptolemaic dynasty] and the rule of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucid_Empire Seleucid Empire]. Although the names of his [[parents]] are [[unknown]], Philo came from a family who were [[noble]], honourable and [[wealthy]]. It was either his father or paternal grandfather who was granted Roman citizenship from Roman dictator Gaius [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar Julius Caesar]. Philo had two brothers Alexander the Alabarch and Lysimachus.

His ancestors and family had social ties and connections to the [[Priests|Priesthood]] in Judea; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasmonean Hasmonean Dynasty; Herodian Dynasty] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] in [[Rome]]. Philo was a contemporary to the life of [[Jesus]] of [[Nazareth]] and the lives of [[Paper 139 - The Twelve Apostles|The Apostles of Jesus]]. Philo along with his brothers received a thorough [[education]]. They were educated in the Egyptian, Jewish, [[Greek]] and [[Roman]] [[cultures]], particularly in the [[traditions]] of [[Judaism]], the study of the [[Hebrew Bible|Old Testament]] and in [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy#Ancient_Philosophy Greek Philosophy].

His ancestors and family had social ties and connections to the [[Priests|Priesthood]] in Judea; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasmonean Hasmonean Dynasty; Herodian Dynasty] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty Julio-Claudian dynasty] in [[Rome]]. Philo was a contemporary to the life of [[Jesus]] of [[Nazareth]] and the lives of [[Paper 139 - The Twelve Apostles|The Apostles of Jesus]]. Philo along with his brothers received a thorough [[education]]. They were educated in the Egyptian, Jewish, [[Greek]] and [[Roman]] [[cultures]], particularly in the [[traditions]] of [[Judaism]], the study of the [[Hebrew Bible|Old Testament]] and in [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy#Ancient_Philosophy Greek Philosophy].

==Exegesis==

==Exegesis==

The writings of Philo show resemblances to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato Plato], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle Aristotle], as well as from Attic [[orators]] and historians, and poetic phrases and allusions to the poets. Philo's works offer an anthology of Greek phraseology of the most different periods.

The writings of Philo show resemblances to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato Plato], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle Aristotle], as well as from Attic [[orators]] and historians, and poetic phrases and allusions to the poets. Philo's works offer an anthology of Greek phraseology of the most different periods.

Philo bases his [[doctrines]] on the [[Hebrew Bible]], which he considers as the source and [[standard]] not only of religious [[truth]] but in general of all truth. Its pronouncements are for him [[divine]] pronouncements. They are the [[words]] of the ἱερὸς λόγος, ϑεῖος λόγος, ὀρϑὸς λόγος[6] ([[holy]] word, godly word, upright word) uttered sometimes directly and sometimes through the mouth of a [[prophet]], especially through [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses Moses], whom Philo considers the real [[medium]] of [[revelation]], while the other writers of the Old Testament appear as [[friends]] or pupils of Moses.

Philo bases his [[doctrines]] on the [[Hebrew Bible]], which he considers as the source and [[standard]] not only of religious [[truth]] but in general of all truth. Its pronouncements are for him [[divine]] pronouncements. They are the [[words]] of the ἱερὸς λόγος, ϑεῖος λόγος, ὀρϑὸς λόγος[6] ([[holy]] word, godly word, upright word) uttered sometimes directly and sometimes through the mouth of a [[prophet]], especially through [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses Moses], whom Philo considers the real [[medium]] of [[revelation]], while the other writers of the Old Testament appear as [[friends]] or pupils of Moses.

Although he distinguishes between the [[words]] uttered by [[God]], as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decalogue Decalogue], and the edicts of Moses, as the special laws[7], he does not carry out this distinction, since he believes in general that [[everything]] in the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Torah Torah] is of divine [[origin]], even the letters and accents[8].

Although he distinguishes between the [[words]] uttered by [[God]], as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decalogue Decalogue], and the edicts of Moses, as the special laws[7], he does not carry out this distinction, since he believes in general that [[everything]] in the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Torah Torah] is of divine [[origin]], even the letters and accents[8].

The [[Hebrew Bible]] had not been [[canonized]] at the time of Philo, and the extent of his [[knowledge]] of Biblical books cannot be exactly determined. Philo does not quote [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Ezekiel Ezekiel], [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Daniel Daniel], Canticles, [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Ruth Ruth], [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Lamentations Lamentations], [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Ecclesiastes Ecclesiastes], or [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Esther Esther]. Philo regards the [[Bible]] as the source not only of religious [[revelation]], but also of philosophic [[truth]]; for, according to him, the Greek philosophers also have borrowed from the Bible: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraclitus Heraclitus], according to "Quis Rerum Divinarum Heres Sit" § 43 [i.503]; Zeno, according to ''Quod Omnis Probus Liber'', § 8 [ii.454].

The [[Hebrew Bible]] had not been [[canonized]] at the time of Philo, and the extent of his [[knowledge]] of Biblical books cannot be exactly determined. Philo does not quote [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Ezekiel Ezekiel], [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Daniel Daniel], Canticles, [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Ruth Ruth], [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Lamentations Lamentations], [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Ecclesiastes Ecclesiastes], or [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Esther Esther]. Philo regards the [[Bible]] as the source not only of religious [[revelation]], but also of philosophic [[truth]]; for, according to him, the Greek philosophers also have borrowed from the Bible: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraclitus Heraclitus], according to "Quis Rerum Divinarum Heres Sit" § 43 [i.503]; Zeno, according to ''Quod Omnis Probus Liber'', § 8 [ii.454].

==Stoic influence==

==Stoic influence==

[[Greek]] [[allegory]] had preceded Philo in this field. As the Stoic allegorists sought in [[Homer]] the basis for their philosophic teachings, so the Jewish allegorists, and especially Philo, went to the [[Hebrew Bible|Old Testament]]. Following the [[methods]] of Stoic allegory, they interpreted the Bible philosophically (on Philo's Predecessors in the domain of the allegoristic Midrash among the Palestinian and Alexandrian Jews, see Siegfried, l.c. pp. 16–37).

[[Greek]] [[allegory]] had preceded Philo in this field. As the Stoic allegorists sought in [[Homer]] the basis for their philosophic teachings, so the Jewish allegorists, and especially Philo, went to the [[Hebrew Bible|Old Testament]]. Following the [[methods]] of Stoic allegory, they interpreted the Bible philosophically (on Philo's Predecessors in the domain of the allegoristic Midrash among the Palestinian and Alexandrian Jews, see Siegfried, l.c. pp. 16–37).