Changes

==Etymology==

==Etymology==

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English] prȳde, from prūd proud  

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English] prȳde, from prūd proud  

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century before 12th Century]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century before 12th Century]

According to the Concise Oxford Dictionary, proud comes from late [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English] ''prut'', probably from Old French ''prud'' "[[brave]], valiant" (11th century) (which became ''preux'' in French), from Late Latin term ''prodis'' "useful", which is compared with the Latin ''prodesse'' "be of use". The sense of "having a high [[opinion]] of oneself", not in French, may reflect the Anglo-Saxons' opinion of the Norman knights who called themselves "proud", like the French knights ''preux''.

According to the Concise Oxford Dictionary, proud comes from late [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English] ''prut'', probably from Old French ''prud'' "[[brave]], valiant" (11th century) (which became ''preux'' in French), from Late Latin term ''prodis'' "useful", which is compared with the Latin ''prodesse'' "be of use". The sense of "having a high [[opinion]] of oneself", not in French, may reflect the Anglo-Saxons' opinion of the Norman knights who called themselves "proud", like the French knights ''preux''.

*6 : a showy or impressive [[group]] <a pride of dancers>

*6 : a showy or impressive [[group]] <a pride of dancers>

==Description==

==Description==

'''Pride''' is an inwardly directed [[emotion]] that carries two common [[meanings]]. With a [[negative]] connotation, pride refers to an [[inflated]] sense of one's personal [[status]] or accomplishments, often used synonymously with [[hubris]]. With a positive connotation, pride refers to a [[satisfied]] sense of [[attachment]] toward one's own or another's [[choices]] and [[actions]], or toward a whole group of people, and is a product of [[praise]], independent self-[[reflection]], or a fulfilled feeling of belonging. Philosophers and social psychologists have noted that pride is a [[complex]] secondary emotion which requires the development of a sense of [[self]] and the mastery of relevant conceptual distinctions (e.g., that pride is distinct from [[happiness]] and [[joy]]) through language-based [[interaction]] with others. Some social psychologists identify it as linked to a signal of high [[social status]]. In contrast pride could also be defined as a disagreement with the [[truth]]. One definition of pride in the first sense comes from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Augustine St. Augustine]: "the love of one's own excellence". In this sense, the opposite of pride is either [[humility]] or [[guilt]]; the latter in particular being a sense of one's own [[failure]] in [[contrast]] to Augustine's notion of excellence.

'''Pride''' is an inwardly directed [[emotion]] that carries two common [[meanings]]. With a [[negative]] connotation, pride refers to an [[inflated]] sense of one's personal [[status]] or accomplishments, often used synonymously with [[hubris]]. With a positive connotation, pride refers to a [[satisfied]] sense of [[attachment]] toward one's own or another's [[choices]] and [[actions]], or toward a whole group of people, and is a product of [[praise]], independent self-[[reflection]], or a fulfilled feeling of belonging. Philosophers and social psychologists have noted that pride is a [[complex]] secondary emotion which requires the development of a sense of [[self]] and the mastery of relevant conceptual distinctions (e.g., that pride is distinct from [[happiness]] and [[joy]]) through language-based [[interaction]] with others. Some social psychologists identify it as linked to a signal of high [[social status]]. In contrast pride could also be defined as a disagreement with the [[truth]]. One definition of pride in the first sense comes from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Augustine St. Augustine]: "the love of one's own excellence". In this sense, the opposite of pride is either [[humility]] or [[guilt]]; the latter in particular being a sense of one's own [[failure]] in [[contrast]] to Augustine's notion of excellence.

Pride is sometimes viewed as excessive or as a [[vice]], sometimes as proper or as a [[virtue]]. While some philosophers such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle Aristotle] (and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw George Bernard Shaw]) consider pride a [[profound]] virtue, some world [[religions]] consider it a sin, such as is expressed in [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Proverbs#Proverb_.11 Proverbs 11:2] of the [[Old Testament]].

Pride is sometimes viewed as excessive or as a [[vice]], sometimes as proper or as a [[virtue]]. While some philosophers such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle Aristotle] (and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw George Bernard Shaw]) consider pride a [[profound]] virtue, some world [[religions]] consider it a sin, such as is expressed in [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Proverbs#Proverb_.11 Proverbs 11:2] of the [[Old Testament]].

When viewed as a [[virtue]], pride in one's [[appearance]] and [[abilities]] is known as virtuous pride, [[greatness]] of [[soul]] or magnanimity, but when viewed as a [[vice]] it is often termed [[vanity]] or vainglory. Pride can also [[manifest]] itself as a high opinion of one's [[nation]] (national pride) and [[ethnicity]] (ethnic pride).

When viewed as a [[virtue]], pride in one's [[appearance]] and [[abilities]] is known as virtuous pride, [[greatness]] of [[soul]] or magnanimity, but when viewed as a [[vice]] it is often termed [[vanity]] or vainglory. Pride can also [[manifest]] itself as a high opinion of one's [[nation]] (national pride) and [[ethnicity]] (ethnic pride).

[[Category: Psychology]]

[[Category: Psychology]]