Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

French prolétariat, from Latin proletarius. Their sole possession was their [[children]], proles; hence the [[name]].

French prolétariat, from Latin proletarius. Their sole possession was their [[children]], proles; hence the [[name]].

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1847]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1847]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1: the laboring [[class]]; especially : the class of [[industrial]] workers who lack their own means of production and hence sell their [[labor]] to live

*1: the laboring [[class]]; especially : the class of [[industrial]] workers who lack their own means of production and hence sell their [[labor]] to live

*2: the lowest [[social]] or [[economic]] [[class]] of a [[community]]

*2: the lowest [[social]] or [[economic]] [[class]] of a [[community]]

==Description==

==Description==

The '''proletarii''' according to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Roman_Republic Constitution of the Roman Republic] were men without [[property]]. The proletarii were also called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capite_censi capite censi] because they were "[[persons]] registered not as to their [[property]] which was below the lowest [[census]] for [[military]] service, but simply as to their [[existence]] as living [[individuals]], primarily as heads (caput) of a [[family]]."

The '''proletarii''' according to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Roman_Republic Constitution of the Roman Republic] were men without [[property]]. The proletarii were also called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capite_censi capite censi] because they were "[[persons]] registered not as to their [[property]] which was below the lowest [[census]] for [[military]] service, but simply as to their [[existence]] as living [[individuals]], primarily as heads (caput) of a [[family]]."

The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comitia_Centuriata Comitia Centuriata] was an people's assembly of early Rome composed of centuriae (nominally, [[groups]] of about 100 men) who were [[classified]] according to the value of each one's [[property]]. It met on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campus_Martius Campus Martius]. Yet this assembly was already obsolete in the last centuries of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic Republic] (509-44 B.C.) and had become ill-understood. Latter Roman historians, e.g., [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livy Livy], not without some uncertainty, [[understood]] the Comitia Centuriata as a means of designating [[military]] duties demanded and [[voting]] rights granted, according to [[wealth]]. A favored reconstruction of this assembly has 18 centuries of calvary, and 170 centuries of infantry divided into five classes by [[wealth]], plus 5 centuries of support personnel. The top infantry class assembled with full arms and [[armor]]; the next two classes brought arms and armor, but less and lesser; the fourth class only spears; the fifth slings. In voting the calvary and top infantry [[class]] were enough to [[decide]] an issue; as [[voting]] started at the top, an issue might be [[decided]] before the lower classes voted. The membership of these five classes were called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adsidui adsidui]. Excluded were the ''proletarii'', those who did not qualify for any of these five classes because "they had not even the minimum [[property]] required for the lowest class. Their sole [[possession]] was their [[children]], proles; hence the name. The proletarii were the poorest stratum of the [[population]]." One of the five support centuries, however, possibly was composed of proletarii (who were usually free of [[military]] service, except in the case of emergencies).

The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comitia_Centuriata Comitia Centuriata] was an people's assembly of early Rome composed of centuriae (nominally, [[groups]] of about 100 men) who were [[classified]] according to the value of each one's [[property]]. It met on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campus_Martius Campus Martius]. Yet this assembly was already obsolete in the last centuries of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic Republic] (509-44 B.C.) and had become ill-understood. Latter Roman historians, e.g., [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livy Livy], not without some uncertainty, [[understood]] the Comitia Centuriata as a means of designating [[military]] duties demanded and [[voting]] rights granted, according to [[wealth]]. A favored reconstruction of this assembly has 18 centuries of calvary, and 170 centuries of infantry divided into five classes by [[wealth]], plus 5 centuries of support personnel. The top infantry class assembled with full arms and [[armor]]; the next two classes brought arms and armor, but less and lesser; the fourth class only spears; the fifth slings. In voting the calvary and top infantry [[class]] were enough to [[decide]] an issue; as [[voting]] started at the top, an issue might be [[decided]] before the lower classes voted. The membership of these five classes were called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adsidui adsidui]. Excluded were the ''proletarii'', those who did not qualify for any of these five classes because "they had not even the minimum [[property]] required for the lowest class. Their sole [[possession]] was their [[children]], proles; hence the name. The proletarii were the poorest stratum of the [[population]]." One of the five support centuries, however, possibly was composed of proletarii (who were usually free of [[military]] service, except in the case of emergencies).

In time the number of Roman [[family]] [[farmers]] became significantly reduced, perhaps due to overreaching or corruption by the Senate [[oligarchy]] following the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Punic_War Second Punic War] (218-201). As a result there were not enough people whose [[property]] qualified them to perform the citizenry's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_history_of_the_Roman_military military duty to Rome]. The Roman general [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Marius Gaius Marius] (157-86), a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plebian plebian] originally sprung from [[poor]] [[rural]] roots, in 107 first introduced the widespread use of proletarii in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Army Roman Army], which [[action]] was known as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_reforms Marian reforms].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proletariat]

In time the number of Roman [[family]] [[farmers]] became significantly reduced, perhaps due to overreaching or corruption by the Senate [[oligarchy]] following the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Punic_War Second Punic War] (218-201). As a result there were not enough people whose [[property]] qualified them to perform the citizenry's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_history_of_the_Roman_military military duty to Rome]. The Roman general [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Marius Gaius Marius] (157-86), a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plebian plebian] originally sprung from [[poor]] [[rural]] roots, in 107 first introduced the widespread use of proletarii in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Army Roman Army], which [[action]] was known as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_reforms Marian reforms].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proletariat]

[[Category: Sociology]]

[[Category: Sociology]]