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For realists, the world is a set of definite [[fact]]s, which obtain independently of humans ("The world is all that is the case" - ''[[Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus]]''), and these facts are the final arbiter of truth. [[Michael Dummett]] expresses this in terms of the principle
For realists, the world is a set of definite [[fact]]s, which obtain independently of humans ("The world is all that is the case" - ''[[Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus]]''), and these facts are the final arbiter of truth. [[Michael Dummett]] expresses this in terms of the principle
of bivalence [http://www.iep.utm.edu/d/dummett.htm Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy on Michael Dummett]: Lady Macbeth had three children or she did not; a tree falls or it does not. A statement will be true if it corresponds to these facts - ''even if the correspondence cannot be established''. Thus the dispute between the realist and anti-realist conception of truth hinges on reactions to the epistemic accessibility of facts.
of bivalence [https://www.iep.utm.edu/d/dummett.htm Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy on Michael Dummett]: Lady Macbeth had three children or she did not; a tree falls or it does not. A statement will be true if it corresponds to these facts - ''even if the correspondence cannot be established''. Thus the dispute between the realist and anti-realist conception of truth hinges on reactions to the epistemic accessibility of facts.
== Fact ==
== Fact ==
QM states that prior to observation, nothing can be said about a physical system other than a probability function which seems to be definable to a degree by assumptions about the system's elements. With observation a system's probability wave function will collapse into a precise quantity which is observable by the means of measuring the device applied. [[Heisenberg's uncertainty principle]] states that there are certain measurements that reduce the accuracy of other measurements of the same system. Primarily, one cannot measure the location and velocity of sub-atomic elements such as an electron precisely because the more one looks for the former the less accuracy one can achieve for the latter. This imprecision introduces an uncertainty into the overall state of the system and the necessity of a choice on the part of the one making the measurement, namely which aspect will he find accurately at the cost of the other. This decision on the part of the measurer has created no small problem for objectivists who insist that at its core reality is objectively present whether anyone notices or not. Several experiments such as the [[double-slit experiment]], and tests of [[Bell's theorem]] and the [[CHSH inequality]] have confirmed that the simple act of observing does impact the system's state in a noticeable way; since the detector itself has to be changed to detect anything at all, there is necessarily a change in the observed particle because of quantum entanglement. But also the state of correlated particles which have not been measured appears to be affected. Even the notion of cause and effect is brought into question in the quantum world where irreducible randomness cannot currently be avoided as a basic assumption. In theory large numbers of random quantum elements seen as a group from a very great distance can seem like cause and effect which is why our level of experience appears to function almost completely deterministically.
QM states that prior to observation, nothing can be said about a physical system other than a probability function which seems to be definable to a degree by assumptions about the system's elements. With observation a system's probability wave function will collapse into a precise quantity which is observable by the means of measuring the device applied. [[Heisenberg's uncertainty principle]] states that there are certain measurements that reduce the accuracy of other measurements of the same system. Primarily, one cannot measure the location and velocity of sub-atomic elements such as an electron precisely because the more one looks for the former the less accuracy one can achieve for the latter. This imprecision introduces an uncertainty into the overall state of the system and the necessity of a choice on the part of the one making the measurement, namely which aspect will he find accurately at the cost of the other. This decision on the part of the measurer has created no small problem for objectivists who insist that at its core reality is objectively present whether anyone notices or not. Several experiments such as the [[double-slit experiment]], and tests of [[Bell's theorem]] and the [[CHSH inequality]] have confirmed that the simple act of observing does impact the system's state in a noticeable way; since the detector itself has to be changed to detect anything at all, there is necessarily a change in the observed particle because of quantum entanglement. But also the state of correlated particles which have not been measured appears to be affected. Even the notion of cause and effect is brought into question in the quantum world where irreducible randomness cannot currently be avoided as a basic assumption. In theory large numbers of random quantum elements seen as a group from a very great distance can seem like cause and effect which is why our level of experience appears to function almost completely deterministically.
It has led some such as [[Amit Goswami]], a theoretical nuclear physicist and member of The University of Oregon, to assume that there is no reality existing, independent of our own [[consciousness]] as observer. However, there is no clear evidence that human consciousness has any special role to play beyond the influence of instrument-settings on result. These phenomena can also be given the more cautious interpretation that quantum systems do contain properties, but not properties directly corresponding to measurements performed on the system by macroscopic instruments. [http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0607057v2 Norsen, T. - Against "Realism"]
It has led some such as [[Amit Goswami]], a theoretical nuclear physicist and member of The University of Oregon, to assume that there is no reality existing, independent of our own [[consciousness]] as observer. However, there is no clear evidence that human consciousness has any special role to play beyond the influence of instrument-settings on result. These phenomena can also be given the more cautious interpretation that quantum systems do contain properties, but not properties directly corresponding to measurements performed on the system by macroscopic instruments. [https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0607057v2 Norsen, T. - Against "Realism"]
==Quote==
==Quote==
The source of [[universe]] reality is the [[Infinite]]. The [[material]] [[things]] of [[finite]] creation are the time-space repercussions of the [[Paradise]] Pattern and the Universal Mind of the [[eternal]] [[God]]. Causation in the physical world, self-[[consciousness]] in the [[intellect]]ual world, and progressing selfhood in the [[spirit]] world÷these realities, projected on a universal scale, combined in eternal relatedness, and [[experience]]d with perfection of [[quality]] and [[divinity]] of [[value]] constitute the reality of the [[Supreme]]. But in an ever-changing universe the Original [[Personality]] of causation, [[intelligence]], and spirit experience is changeless, absolute. All things, even in an eternal universe of limitless values and divine qualities, may, and oftentimes do, change except the Absolutes and that which has attained the physical status, intellectual embrace, or spiritual identity which is absolute.[http://mercy.urantia.org/papers/paper130.html#4.%20DISCOURSE%20ON%20REALITY]
The source of [[universe]] reality is the [[Infinite]]. The [[material]] [[things]] of [[finite]] creation are the time-space repercussions of the [[Paradise]] Pattern and the Universal Mind of the [[eternal]] [[God]]. Causation in the physical world, self-[[consciousness]] in the [[intellect]]ual world, and progressing selfhood in the [[spirit]] world÷these realities, projected on a universal scale, combined in eternal relatedness, and [[experience]]d with perfection of [[quality]] and [[divinity]] of [[value]] constitute the reality of the [[Supreme]]. But in an ever-changing universe the Original [[Personality]] of causation, [[intelligence]], and spirit experience is changeless, absolute. All things, even in an eternal universe of limitless values and divine qualities, may, and oftentimes do, change except the Absolutes and that which has attained the physical status, intellectual embrace, or spiritual identity which is absolute.[https://mercy.urantia.org/papers/paper130.html#4.%20DISCOURSE%20ON%20REALITY]
== References ==
== References ==
#Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English, Oxford University Press, 2005 (Full entry for reality: "reality • noun (pl. realities) 1 the state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them. 2 a thing that is actually experienced or seen. 3 the quality of being lifelike. 4 the state or quality of having existence or substance.")
#Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English, Oxford University Press, 2005 (Full entry for reality: "reality • noun (pl. realities) 1 the state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them. 2 a thing that is actually experienced or seen. 3 the quality of being lifelike. 4 the state or quality of having existence or substance.")
#[http://www.iep.utm.edu/d/dummett.htm Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy on Michael Dummett]
#[https://www.iep.utm.edu/d/dummett.htm Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy on Michael Dummett]
#[http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0607057v2 Norsen, T. - Against "Realism"]
#[https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0607057v2 Norsen, T. - Against "Realism"]
[[Category: Philosophy]]
[[Category: Philosophy]]