Changes

==Etymology==

==Etymology==

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] repeten, from Middle French & [[Latin]]; Middle French repeter, from Old French, from Latin repetere to return to, repeat, from re- + petere to go to, seek

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] repeten, from Middle French & [[Latin]]; Middle French repeter, from Old French, from Latin repetere to return to, repeat, from re- + petere to go to, seek

*Date: [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Century 14th century]

*Date: [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Century 14th century]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

:transitive verb  

:transitive verb  

'''Repetition''' is important in [[music]], where [[sounds]] or [[sequences]] are often '''repeated'''. One often stated [[idea]] is that repetition should be in [[balance]] with the initial [[statements]] and variations in a piece. It may be called restatement, such as the restatement of a theme. While it plays a role in all music, in [[fact]] most musical sounds are [[Periodical|periodic]], it is especially prominent in specific styles. A [[literal]] repetition of a musical passage is often indicated by the use of a repeat sign, or the instructions da capo or dal segno.

'''Repetition''' is important in [[music]], where [[sounds]] or [[sequences]] are often '''repeated'''. One often stated [[idea]] is that repetition should be in [[balance]] with the initial [[statements]] and variations in a piece. It may be called restatement, such as the restatement of a theme. While it plays a role in all music, in [[fact]] most musical sounds are [[Periodical|periodic]], it is especially prominent in specific styles. A [[literal]] repetition of a musical passage is often indicated by the use of a repeat sign, or the instructions da capo or dal segno.

[http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Adorno Theodor Adorno] criticized repetition and popular music as being [[psychotic]] and infantile. In [[contrast]], Richard Middleton (1990) argues that "while repetition is a feature of all [[music]], of any sort, a high level of repetition may be a specific mark of 'the popular'" and that this allows an, "enabling" of "an inclusive rather than exclusive [[audience]]" (p.139). "There is no [[universal]] [[norm]] or [[convention]]" for the amount or type of repetition, "all music contains repetition - but in differing amounts and of an enormous variety of [[types]]." This is [[influenced]] by "the political [[economy]] of production; the 'psychic economy' of [[individuals]]; the musico-technological [[media]] of production and reproduction ([[oral]], written, electric); and the weight of the syntactic conventions of music-historical [[traditions]]" .

[https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Adorno Theodor Adorno] criticized repetition and popular music as being [[psychotic]] and infantile. In [[contrast]], Richard Middleton (1990) argues that "while repetition is a feature of all [[music]], of any sort, a high level of repetition may be a specific mark of 'the popular'" and that this allows an, "enabling" of "an inclusive rather than exclusive [[audience]]" (p.139). "There is no [[universal]] [[norm]] or [[convention]]" for the amount or type of repetition, "all music contains repetition - but in differing amounts and of an enormous variety of [[types]]." This is [[influenced]] by "the political [[economy]] of production; the 'psychic economy' of [[individuals]]; the musico-technological [[media]] of production and reproduction ([[oral]], written, electric); and the weight of the syntactic conventions of music-historical [[traditions]]" .

Thus Middleton (also 1999) distinguishes between discursive and musematic repetition. A museme is a minimal [[unit]] of [[meaning]], [[analgous]] to morpheme in [[linguistics]], and musematic repetition is "at the level of the short figure, often used to generate an entire [[structural]] framework." Discursive repetition is "at the level of the phrase or section, which generally [[functions]] as part of a larger-scale '[[argument]]'." He gives "[[paradigm]]atic case[s]": the riff and the phrase. Musematic repetition includes [[Cycle|circularity]], [[Synchrony|synchronic]] relations, and open-ness. Discursive repetition includes [[Linear|linearity]], [[rational]] [[control]], and self-sufficiency. Discursive repetition is most often nested ([[hierarchically]]) in larger repetitions and may be [[thought]] of as sectional, while musematic repetition may be thought of as additive. (p.146-8) Put more simply, musematic repetition is simple repetition of precisely the same musical figure, such as a repeated chorus. Discursive repetition is, "both repetitive and non-repetitive," (Lott, p.174), such as the repetition of the same rhythmic figure with [[different]] notes.

Thus Middleton (also 1999) distinguishes between discursive and musematic repetition. A museme is a minimal [[unit]] of [[meaning]], [[analgous]] to morpheme in [[linguistics]], and musematic repetition is "at the level of the short figure, often used to generate an entire [[structural]] framework." Discursive repetition is "at the level of the phrase or section, which generally [[functions]] as part of a larger-scale '[[argument]]'." He gives "[[paradigm]]atic case[s]": the riff and the phrase. Musematic repetition includes [[Cycle|circularity]], [[Synchrony|synchronic]] relations, and open-ness. Discursive repetition includes [[Linear|linearity]], [[rational]] [[control]], and self-sufficiency. Discursive repetition is most often nested ([[hierarchically]]) in larger repetitions and may be [[thought]] of as sectional, while musematic repetition may be thought of as additive. (p.146-8) Put more simply, musematic repetition is simple repetition of precisely the same musical figure, such as a repeated chorus. Discursive repetition is, "both repetitive and non-repetitive," (Lott, p.174), such as the repetition of the same rhythmic figure with [[different]] notes.

At the [[tone]] level, repetition creates a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drone_(music) drone].

At the [[tone]] level, repetition creates a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drone_(music) drone].

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: Music]]

[[Category: Music]]