Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

post-classical [[Latin]] repression-, repressio suppression (4th cent.), restraint (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin repress-, past participial stem of reprimere

post-classical [[Latin]] repression-, repressio suppression (4th cent.), restraint (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin repress-, past participial stem of reprimere

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1533]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1533]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1a : the [[action]] or [[process]] of repressing : the [[state]] of being repressed <repression of unpopular [[opinions]]>  

*1a : the [[action]] or [[process]] of repressing : the [[state]] of being repressed <repression of unpopular [[opinions]]>  

Psychological '''repression''', also psychic repression or simply repression, is the psychological attempt by an [[individual]] to repel its own [[desires]] and [[impulses]] towards pleasurable [[instincts]]. Such desires, impulses, [[wishes]], [[fantasies]] or [[feelings]] can be [[represent]]ed in the [[mind]] as [[thoughts]], images and [[memories]]. The repression is caused when an external [[force]] puts itself in [[contrast]] with the desire, threatening to cause [[suffering]] if the desire is satisfied, thereby posing a [[conflict]] for the [[individual]]; the repressive [[response]] to the threat is to exclude the desire from one's [[consciousness]] and hold or subdue it in the [[unconscious]]. Repression plays a major role in many mental illnesses, and in the [[psyche]] of [[average]] people.

Psychological '''repression''', also psychic repression or simply repression, is the psychological attempt by an [[individual]] to repel its own [[desires]] and [[impulses]] towards pleasurable [[instincts]]. Such desires, impulses, [[wishes]], [[fantasies]] or [[feelings]] can be [[represent]]ed in the [[mind]] as [[thoughts]], images and [[memories]]. The repression is caused when an external [[force]] puts itself in [[contrast]] with the desire, threatening to cause [[suffering]] if the desire is satisfied, thereby posing a [[conflict]] for the [[individual]]; the repressive [[response]] to the threat is to exclude the desire from one's [[consciousness]] and hold or subdue it in the [[unconscious]]. Repression plays a major role in many mental illnesses, and in the [[psyche]] of [[average]] people.

The [[concept]] is part of Sigmund [[Freud]]'s psychoanalytic [[theory]]. Since Freud's work in psychoanalysis, repression is now accepted as a [[defense]] mechanism by psychoanalytic psychologists. Conversely, regarding the distinct subject of repressed [[memory]], there remains instead some [[debate]] as to whether (or how often) memory repression really happens and [[mainstream]] psychology holds that true memory repression occurs only very rarely.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_repression]

The [[concept]] is part of Sigmund [[Freud]]'s psychoanalytic [[theory]]. Since Freud's work in psychoanalysis, repression is now accepted as a [[defense]] mechanism by psychoanalytic psychologists. Conversely, regarding the distinct subject of repressed [[memory]], there remains instead some [[debate]] as to whether (or how often) memory repression really happens and [[mainstream]] psychology holds that true memory repression occurs only very rarely.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_repression]

[[Political]] repression is the [[persecution]] of an [[individual]] or group for political reasons, particularly for the [[purpose]] of restricting or preventing their [[ability]] to take part in the political life of [[society]].

[[Political]] repression is the [[persecution]] of an [[individual]] or group for political reasons, particularly for the [[purpose]] of restricting or preventing their [[ability]] to take part in the political life of [[society]].

Political repression is sometimes used synonymously with the term political [[discrimination]] (also known as politicism). It often is [[manifested]] through discriminatory policies, such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights human rights] violations, [[surveillance]] [[abuse]], [[police]] brutality, im[[prison]]ment, involuntary settlement, stripping of [[citizen]]'s [[rights]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lustration lustration] and [[violent]] action such as the [[murder]], summary executions, [[torture]], forced disappearance and other extrajudicial punishment of political activists, dissidents, or general [[population]].

Political repression is sometimes used synonymously with the term political [[discrimination]] (also known as politicism). It often is [[manifested]] through discriminatory policies, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights human rights] violations, [[surveillance]] [[abuse]], [[police]] brutality, im[[prison]]ment, involuntary settlement, stripping of [[citizen]]'s [[rights]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lustration lustration] and [[violent]] action such as the [[murder]], summary executions, [[torture]], forced disappearance and other extrajudicial punishment of political activists, dissidents, or general [[population]].

Where political repression is sanctioned and organised by the [[state]], it may constitute [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_terrorism state terrorism], [[genocide]], politicide or [[crimes]] against [[humanity]]. Systemic and violent political repression is a typical feature of dictatorships, [[totalitarian]] states and similar [[regimes]]. In such regimes, acts of political repression may be carried out by [[secret]] [[police]] forces, army, paramilitary groups or [[death]] squads. Relevant activities have also been found within democratic [[contexts]] as well.

Where political repression is sanctioned and organised by the [[state]], it may constitute [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_terrorism state terrorism], [[genocide]], politicide or [[crimes]] against [[humanity]]. Systemic and violent political repression is a typical feature of dictatorships, [[totalitarian]] states and similar [[regimes]]. In such regimes, acts of political repression may be carried out by [[secret]] [[police]] forces, army, paramilitary groups or [[death]] squads. Relevant activities have also been found within democratic [[contexts]] as well.

==See also==

==See also==

*'''''[[Oppression]]'''''

*'''''[[Oppression]]'''''