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2) to become proficient in applying the resources of language in their own speaking and writing. (See [http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/Pedagogy/Pedagogy.htm rhetorical pedagogy])
2) to become proficient in applying the resources of language in their own speaking and writing. (See [http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/Pedagogy/Pedagogy.htm rhetorical pedagogy])
Discerning how language is working in others' or one's own writing and speaking, one must (artificially) divide [[form]] and [[content]], what is being said and how this is said (see [http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/Encompassing%20Terms/Content%20and%20Form.htm Content/Form]). Because rhetoric examines so attentively the how of language as the methods and means of [[communication]], it has sometimes been discounted as something only concerned with style or [[Phenomena|appearances]], and not with the [[quality]] or [[content]] of communication. For many (such as [[Plato]]) rhetoric deals with the superficial at best, the deceptive at worst ("mere rhetoric"), when one might better attend to matters of substance, [[truth]], or [[reason]] as attempted in [http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/Encompassing%20Terms/Dialectic.htm dialectic] or [[philosophy]] or [[religion]].
Discerning how language is working in others' or one's own writing and speaking, one must (artificially) divide [[form]] and [[content]], what is being said and how this is said (see [http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/Encompassing%20Terms/Content%20and%20Form.htm Content/Form]). Because rhetoric examines so attentively the how of language as the methods and means of [[communication]], it has sometimes been discounted as something only concerned with style or [[Phenomena|appearances]], and not with the [[quality]] or [[content]] of communication. For many (such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato Plato]) rhetoric deals with the superficial at best, the deceptive at worst ("mere rhetoric"), when one might better attend to matters of substance, [[truth]], or [[reason]] as attempted in [http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/Encompassing%20Terms/Dialectic.htm dialectic] or [[philosophy]] or [[religion]].
Rhetoric has sometimes lived down to its critics, but as set forth from antiquity, rhetoric was a comprehensive art just as much concerned with what one could say as how one might say it. Indeed, a basic premise for rhetoric is the '''indivisibility of means from [[meaning]]'''; how one says something conveys meaning as much as what one says. Rhetoric studies the effectiveness of language comprehensively, including its [[emotion]]al impact (see [http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/Persuasive%20Appeals/Pathos.htm pathos]), as much as its propositional content ( see [http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/Persuasive%20Appeals/Logos.htm logos]). To see how language and [[thought]] worked together, however, it has first been necessary to artificially divide content and form. [http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/Encompassing%20Terms/rhetoric.htm]
Rhetoric has sometimes lived down to its critics, but as set forth from antiquity, rhetoric was a comprehensive art just as much concerned with what one could say as how one might say it. Indeed, a basic premise for rhetoric is the '''indivisibility of means from [[meaning]]'''; how one says something conveys meaning as much as what one says. Rhetoric studies the effectiveness of language comprehensively, including its [[emotion]]al impact (see [http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/Persuasive%20Appeals/Pathos.htm pathos]), as much as its propositional content ( see [http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/Persuasive%20Appeals/Logos.htm logos]). To see how language and [[thought]] worked together, however, it has first been necessary to artificially divide content and form. [http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/Encompassing%20Terms/rhetoric.htm]
==Rhetorical Modes==
Rhetorical modes (also known as modes of [[discourse]]) describe the variety, [[conventions]], and [[purposes]] of the major kinds of [[writing]]. Four of the most common rhetorical modes and their [[purpose]] are ''exposition'', ''[[argumentation]]'', ''[[description]]'', and ''[[narration]]''.
*''Exposition'' - Expository [[writing]] is a type of writing where the [[purpose]] is to [[explain]], inform, or even [[describe]]. It is considered to be one of the four most common rhetorical [[modes]] presenting an [[idea]], relevant [[evidence]], and appropriate [[discussion]].
*''[[Argumentation]]'' -The purpose of [[argumentation]] (also called persuasive writing) is to prove the [[validity]] of an idea, or [[point of view]], by presenting sound reasoning, [[discussion]], and argument that thoroughly convince the [[reader]]. Persuasive writing is a type of argumentation with the additional aim to urge the reader to take some form of [[action]]. [[Satirical]] rhetoric, or using [[humor]] in order to make a point about some aspect of life or [[society]]. Perhaps the most famous example is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Modest_Proposal Jonathan Swift's "A Modest Proposal."]
*''[[Description]]'' - The [[purpose]] of [[description]] is to re-create, [[invent]], or visually present a person, place, [[event]], or action so that the [[reader]] can [[Vision|picture]] that which is being described. Descriptive writing can be found in the other rhetorical modes. Examples include: Journaling, Poetry
*''[[Narration]]'' -The purpose of [[narration]] is to tell a [[story]] or narrate an [[event]] or series of events. This [[writing]] mode frequently uses the tools of ''descriptive writing''. Narration is an especially useful [[tool]] for sequencing or putting details and [[information]] into some kind of logical order, usually [[chronological]]. Working with narration helps us see clear [[sequences]] separate from all other mental [[functions]].
==See also==
==See also==
*'''''[[Argument]]'''''
*'''''[[Debate]]'''''
*'''''[[Public speaking]]'''''
[[Category: Languages and Literature]]
[[Category: Languages and Literature]]
