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[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Intro-to-schizophrenia.jpg|right|frame]]

[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Intro-to-schizophrenia.jpg|right|frame]]

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912 1912]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912 1912]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1:  a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychosis psychotic disorder] characterized by loss of contact with the environment, by noticeable deterioration in the level of functioning in everyday life, and by [[disintegration]] of [[personality]] [[expressed]] as disorder of [[feeling]], [[thought]] (as [[delusions]]), [[perception]] (as [[hallucinations]]), and behavior —called also ''dementia praecox''  

*1:  a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychosis psychotic disorder] characterized by loss of contact with the environment, by noticeable deterioration in the level of functioning in everyday life, and by [[disintegration]] of [[personality]] [[expressed]] as disorder of [[feeling]], [[thought]] (as [[delusions]]), [[perception]] (as [[hallucinations]]), and behavior —called also ''dementia praecox''  

*2:  contradictory or [[antagonistic]] [[qualities]] or [[attitudes]] <both parties…have exhibited schizophrenia over the desired outcome — Elizabeth Drew>  

*2:  contradictory or [[antagonistic]] [[qualities]] or [[attitudes]] <both parties…have exhibited schizophrenia over the desired outcome — Elizabeth Drew>  

==Description==

==Description==

'''Schizophrenia''' is a mental disorder characterized by a [[breakdown]] of [[thought]] processes and by impaired [[emotional]] responses. Common [[symptoms]] include [[delusions]], such as [[paranoid]] [[beliefs]]; hallucinations; disorganized thinking; and [[negative]] symptoms, such as lack of emotion and lack of [[motivation]]. Schizophrenia causes significant [[social]] and work [[problems]]. Symptoms begin typically in [[Youth|young adulthood]] and about 0.3–0.7% of people are affected during their lifetime. [[Diagnosis]] is based on observed behavior and the person's reported [[experiences]].

'''Schizophrenia''' is a mental disorder characterized by a [[breakdown]] of [[thought]] processes and by impaired [[emotional]] responses. Common [[symptoms]] include [[delusions]], such as [[paranoid]] [[beliefs]]; hallucinations; disorganized thinking; and [[negative]] symptoms, such as lack of emotion and lack of [[motivation]]. Schizophrenia causes significant [[social]] and work [[problems]]. Symptoms begin typically in [[Youth|young adulthood]] and about 0.3–0.7% of people are affected during their lifetime. [[Diagnosis]] is based on observed behavior and the person's reported [[experiences]].

[[Genetics]], early environment, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiology neurobiology], [[psychological]] and [[social]] processes appear to be important contributory [[factors]]. Some recreational and prescription [[drugs]] appear to cause or worsen symptoms. Current [[research]] is focused on the role of neurobiology, although no single isolated organic cause has been found. The many possible combinations of symptoms have triggered [[debate]] about whether the diagnosis represents a single disorder or a number of discrete [[syndromes]]. Despite the origin of the term from the [[Greek]] roots ''skhizein'' (σχίζειν, "to split") and ''phrēn'', ''phren''- (φρήν, φρεν-; "[[mind]]"), schizophrenia does not imply a "split personality", or "multiple personality disorder" (which is known these days as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_identity_disorder dissociative identity disorder])—a condition with which it is often [[confused]] in public [[perception]]. Rather, the term means a "splitting of mental functions", because of the symptomatic presentation of the illness.

[[Genetics]], early environment, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiology neurobiology], [[psychological]] and [[social]] processes appear to be important contributory [[factors]]. Some recreational and prescription [[drugs]] appear to cause or worsen symptoms. Current [[research]] is focused on the role of neurobiology, although no single isolated organic cause has been found. The many possible combinations of symptoms have triggered [[debate]] about whether the diagnosis represents a single disorder or a number of discrete [[syndromes]]. Despite the origin of the term from the [[Greek]] roots ''skhizein'' (σχίζειν, "to split") and ''phrēn'', ''phren''- (φρήν, φρεν-; "[[mind]]"), schizophrenia does not imply a "split personality", or "multiple personality disorder" (which is known these days as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_identity_disorder dissociative identity disorder])—a condition with which it is often [[confused]] in public [[perception]]. Rather, the term means a "splitting of mental functions", because of the symptomatic presentation of the illness.

The mainstay of treatment is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipsychotic antipsychotic] medication, which primarily suppresses [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine dopamine] (and sometimes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin serotonin]) receptor activity. [[Psychotherapy]] and vocational and social [[rehabilitation]] are also important in treatment. In more serious cases—where there is [[risk]] to self and others—involuntary hospitalization may be [[necessary]], although hospital stays are now shorter and less frequent than they once were.

The mainstay of treatment is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipsychotic antipsychotic] medication, which primarily suppresses [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine dopamine] (and sometimes [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin serotonin]) receptor activity. [[Psychotherapy]] and vocational and social [[rehabilitation]] are also important in treatment. In more serious cases—where there is [[risk]] to self and others—involuntary hospitalization may be [[necessary]], although hospital stays are now shorter and less frequent than they once were.

The disorder is thought mainly to affect [[cognition]], but it also usually contributes to chronic [[problems]] with [[behavior]] and [[emotion]]. People with schizophrenia are likely to have additional ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comorbidity comorbid]) conditions, including major depression and [[anxiety]] disorders; the lifetime occurrence of substance use disorder is almost 50%. [[Social]] [[problems]], such as long-term unemployment, [[poverty]], and [[homelessness]] are common. The average life expectancy of people with the disorder is 12 to 15 years less than those without, the result of increased physical [[health]] problems and a higher [[suicide]] rate (about 5%).[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia]

The disorder is thought mainly to affect [[cognition]], but it also usually contributes to chronic [[problems]] with [[behavior]] and [[emotion]]. People with schizophrenia are likely to have additional ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comorbidity comorbid]) conditions, including major depression and [[anxiety]] disorders; the lifetime occurrence of substance use disorder is almost 50%. [[Social]] [[problems]], such as long-term unemployment, [[poverty]], and [[homelessness]] are common. The average life expectancy of people with the disorder is 12 to 15 years less than those without, the result of increased physical [[health]] problems and a higher [[suicide]] rate (about 5%).[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia]

[[Category: Psychology]]

[[Category: Psychology]]