Difference between revisions of "Sculpture"
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| − | + | ==Origin== | |
| + | [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from [[Latin]] ''sculptura'', from ''sculptus'', past participle of ''sculpere'' to carve, alteration of ''scalpere'' to scratch, carve | ||
| + | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century 14th Century] | ||
| + | ==Definitions== | ||
| + | *1a : the [[action]] or [[art]] of processing (as by carving, modeling, or welding) [[plastic]] or hard materials into works of art | ||
| + | :b (1) : work produced by ''sculpture'' (2) : a three-dimensional work of art (as a statue) | ||
| + | *2: impressed or raised markings or a [[pattern]] of such especially on a [[plant]] or [[animal]] part | ||
| + | ==Description== | ||
| + | '''Sculpture''' is the branch of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_arts visual arts] that operates in three dimensions and one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural [[processes]] originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as [[clay]]), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernism modernism], shifts in sculptural process led to an almost complete [[freedom]] of materials and process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded, or cast. | ||
| − | + | Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the [[majority]] of the surviving works (other than pottery) from [[ancient]] cultures, though conversely [[traditions]] of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely. However, most ancient sculpture was brightly painted, and this has been lost. | |
| − | + | Sculpture has been central in [[religious]] [[devotion]] in many cultures, and until recent centuries large sculptures, too expensive for [[private]] [[individuals]] to create, were usually an [[expression]] of religion or [[politics]]. Those cultures whose sculptures have survived in [[quantities]] include the cultures of the Ancient Mediterranean, India and China, as well as many in South America and Africa. | |
| − | + | The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_culture Western] tradition of sculpture began in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece Ancient Greece], and Greece is widely seen as producing great [[masterpieces]] in the classical period. During the [[Middle Ages]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_art Gothic] sculpture represented the agonies and [[passions]] of the [[Christian]] faith. The revival of classical models in the [[Renaissance]] produced famous sculptures such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_art Michelangelo]'s [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David David]. Modernist sculpture moved away from traditional processes and the emphasis on the depiction of the human body, with the making of constructed sculpture, and the presentation of found objects as finished art works. | |
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[[Category: Sculpture]] | [[Category: Sculpture]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:33, 13 December 2020
Origin
Middle English, from Latin sculptura, from sculptus, past participle of sculpere to carve, alteration of scalpere to scratch, carve
Definitions
- 1a : the action or art of processing (as by carving, modeling, or welding) plastic or hard materials into works of art
- b (1) : work produced by sculpture (2) : a three-dimensional work of art (as a statue)
Description
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions and one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since modernism, shifts in sculptural process led to an almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded, or cast.
Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures, though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely. However, most ancient sculpture was brightly painted, and this has been lost.
Sculpture has been central in religious devotion in many cultures, and until recent centuries large sculptures, too expensive for private individuals to create, were usually an expression of religion or politics. Those cultures whose sculptures have survived in quantities include the cultures of the Ancient Mediterranean, India and China, as well as many in South America and Africa.
The Western tradition of sculpture began in Ancient Greece, and Greece is widely seen as producing great masterpieces in the classical period. During the Middle Ages, Gothic sculpture represented the agonies and passions of the Christian faith. The revival of classical models in the Renaissance produced famous sculptures such as Michelangelo's David. Modernist sculpture moved away from traditional processes and the emphasis on the depiction of the human body, with the making of constructed sculpture, and the presentation of found objects as finished art works.
