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A '''sculpture''' is a three-dimensional object, which for the purposes of this object is man-made and selected for special recognition as art. A person who creates sculpture is called a sculptor.
A '''sculpture''' is a three-dimensional object, which for the purposes of this object is man-made and selected for special recognition as art. A person who creates sculpture is called a sculptor.
'''Materials of sculpture through history'''
Throughout most of history, the purpose of creating sculpture has been to produce works of art that are as permanent as is possible. So to that end, works were usually produced in durable and frequently, expensive materials, primarily [[bronze]] and stone such as [[marble]], [[limestone]], [[porphyry]], and [[granite]]. More rarely, precious materials such as [[gold]], [[silver]], [[jade]], and [[ivory]] were used for [[chryselephantine]] works. More common and less expensive materials were used for sculpture for wider consumption, including woods such as [[oak]], [[boxwood]] (Buxus) and [[lime]] or [[linden]] (Tilia), [[terra cotta]] and other [[ceramics]], and cast metals such as [[pewter]] and [[zinc]] ([[spelter]]).
Sculptors are constantly searching for new ways to make art and for new materials to use. [[Andy Goldsworthy]] is notable as a sculptor for his use of almost entirely natural materials in natural settings and for creating sculptures much more ephemeral than is typical. [[Jim Gary]] used automobile parts, tools, machine parts, and hardware in his sculptures as well as stained glass.[[ Pablo Picasso]] used bicycle parts for one of his most famous sculptures. [[Alexander Calder]] and other modernists made spectacular use of painted steel. Since the 1960s, acrylics and other plastics have been used as well. Despite durability being the usual objective, some sculpture is deliberately short lived -- for example, ice and [[sand sculptures]] or [[gas sculptures]].
Sculptors often build small preliminary works called [[maquettes]] of ephemeral materials such as [[plaster of Paris]], wax, clay, and even [[plasticine]], as [[Alfred Gilbert]] did for 'Eros' at [[Piccadilly Circus]], London. In [[Retroarchaeology]], these materials are generally the end product.
