Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English] sāwan; akin to Old High German sāwen to sow, [[Latin]] serere, Lithuanian sėti

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English] sāwan; akin to Old High German sāwen to sow, [[Latin]] serere, Lithuanian sėti

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century] before 12th Century]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century] before 12th Century]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

::transitive verb

::transitive verb

*3: to spread abroad : disperse  

*3: to spread abroad : disperse  

==Description==

==Description==

Hand '''sowing''' or (planting) is the [[process]] of casting handfuls of seed over [[prepared]] ground: broadcasting (for which the [[technological]] term is derived from). Usually, a drag or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrow_(tool) harrow] is employed to incorporate the [[seed]] into the [[soil]]. Though [[labor]] intensive for any but small areas, this [[method]] is still used in some situations. [[Practice]] is required to sow evenly and at the [[desired]] rate. A hand seeder can be used for sowing, though it is less of a help than it is for the smaller seeds of grasses and legumes.

Hand '''sowing''' or (planting) is the [[process]] of casting handfuls of seed over [[prepared]] ground: broadcasting (for which the [[technological]] term is derived from). Usually, a drag or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrow_(tool) harrow] is employed to incorporate the [[seed]] into the [[soil]]. Though [[labor]] intensive for any but small areas, this [[method]] is still used in some situations. [[Practice]] is required to sow evenly and at the [[desired]] rate. A hand seeder can be used for sowing, though it is less of a help than it is for the smaller seeds of grasses and legumes.

Hand sowing may be combined with pre-sowing in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_tray seed trays]. This allows the [[plants]] to come to [[strength]] indoors during cold periods (e.g. [[spring]] in temperate countries).

Hand sowing may be combined with pre-sowing in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_tray seed trays]. This allows the [[plants]] to come to [[strength]] indoors during cold periods (e.g. [[spring]] in temperate countries).

In [[agriculture]], most [[seed]] is now sown using a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_drill seed drill], which offers greater [[precision]]; seed is sown evenly and at the desired rate. The drill also places the [[seed]] at a measured distance below the [[soil]], so that less seed is required. The standard [[design]] uses a fluted feed metering system, which is volumetric in nature; [[individual]] seeds are not counted. Rows are typically about 10-30 cm apart, depending on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_(agriculture) crop] species and growing conditions. Several row opener types are used depending on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_type soil type] and local [[tradition]]. Grain drills are most often drawn by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractor tractors], but can also be pulled by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse horses]. Pickup trucks are sometimes used, since little draft is required.

In [[agriculture]], most [[seed]] is now sown using a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_drill seed drill], which offers greater [[precision]]; seed is sown evenly and at the desired rate. The drill also places the [[seed]] at a measured distance below the [[soil]], so that less seed is required. The standard [[design]] uses a fluted feed metering system, which is volumetric in nature; [[individual]] seeds are not counted. Rows are typically about 10-30 cm apart, depending on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_(agriculture) crop] species and growing conditions. Several row opener types are used depending on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_type soil type] and local [[tradition]]. Grain drills are most often drawn by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractor tractors], but can also be pulled by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse horses]. Pickup trucks are sometimes used, since little draft is required.

A seed rate of about 100 kg of seed per hectare (2 bushels per acre) is typical, though rates vary considerably depending on crop species, [[soil]] conditions, and [[farmer]]'s [[preference]]. Excessive rates can cause the crop to lodge, while too thin a rate will result in poor utilisation of the [[land]], [[competition]] with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weed weeds] and a reduction in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_yield yield].

A seed rate of about 100 kg of seed per hectare (2 bushels per acre) is typical, though rates vary considerably depending on crop species, [[soil]] conditions, and [[farmer]]'s [[preference]]. Excessive rates can cause the crop to lodge, while too thin a rate will result in poor utilisation of the [[land]], [[competition]] with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weed weeds] and a reduction in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_yield yield].

Open-field planting refers to the form of sowing used historically in the [[agricultural]] [[context]] whereby [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(agriculture) fields] are [[prepared]] generically and left open, as the name suggests, before being sown directly with seed. The [[seed]] is frequently left uncovered at the [[surface]] of the [[soil]] before germinating and therefore [[exposed]] to the prevailing [[climate]] and conditions like storms etc. This is in [[contrast]] to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedbed seedbed] method used more commonly in domestic gardening or more specific ([[modern]]) agricultural scenarios where the [[seed]] is applied beneath the [[soil]] surface and monitored and manually tended frequently to ensure more successful [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_rates growth rates] and better yields.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowing]

Open-field planting refers to the form of sowing used historically in the [[agricultural]] [[context]] whereby [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(agriculture) fields] are [[prepared]] generically and left open, as the name suggests, before being sown directly with seed. The [[seed]] is frequently left uncovered at the [[surface]] of the [[soil]] before germinating and therefore [[exposed]] to the prevailing [[climate]] and conditions like storms etc. This is in [[contrast]] to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedbed seedbed] method used more commonly in domestic gardening or more specific ([[modern]]) agricultural scenarios where the [[seed]] is applied beneath the [[soil]] surface and monitored and manually tended frequently to ensure more successful [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_rates growth rates] and better yields.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowing]

[[Category: Biology]]

[[Category: Biology]]

[[Category: Botany]]

[[Category: Botany]]