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• Formal systems
  ...l language]] plus a set of [[inference]] rules or transformation rules. A formal system may be formulated and studied for its intrinsic [[value]], or it may Some theorists use the term ''formalism'' as a rough synonym for ''formal system'', but the term is also used to refer to a particular style of ''not
  5 KB (829 words) - 23:56, 12 December 2020
• Formal Sciences
  ...ics]], and the theoretical branches of [[computer science]], [[information theory]], and [[statistics]]. ...cial science]], the third branch of science and some of the disciplines of formal science like [[mathematics]] and [[statistics]] are often even referred as
  5 KB (723 words) - 00:42, 13 December 2020
• Axiology
  ...ld to lay the groundwork for these fields, and thus to be similar to value theory and meta-ethics. The term was first used in the early 20th century by Paul One area in which [[research]] continues to be pursued is so-called [[formal]] axiology, or the attempt to lay out principles regarding value with [[mat
  1 KB (184 words) - 23:43, 12 December 2020
• Axiom
  *3. Logic and [[Mathematics]]. ‘A self-evident proposition, requiring no [[formal]] [[demonstration]] to prove its [[truth]], but received and assented to as ...granted, and serves as a starting point for deducing and inferring other (theory dependent) truths.
  3 KB (407 words) - 19:12, 5 September 2010
• Assimilation
  ==Constructivist Theory== ...the experiences to fit their internal representations. According to the [[theory]], accommodation is the [[process]] of reframing one's mental representatio
  4 KB (609 words) - 23:42, 12 December 2020
• Theory
  The term '''theory''' has two broad sets of [[meanings]], one used in the empirical [[The Scie ...ure]] or discourse is a [[reference]] to a scientific or empirically-based theory.
  7 KB (1,108 words) - 02:41, 13 December 2020
• Secondary Corpus
  Rules that warrant enforcement through [[formal]] processes. The theory and practice of [[politics]]; descriptive analyses of [[political system]]s
  8 KB (1,084 words) - 02:37, 13 December 2020
• Applied science
  ...can also apply formal science, such as [[statistics]] and [[probability]] theory, as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology epidemiology]. [https://
  2 KB (238 words) - 23:47, 12 December 2020
• Lattice
  ...nce the two definitions are equivalent, lattice theory draws on both order theory and universal algebra. Semilattices include lattices, which in turn include ...Wille in 1984, and builds on applied [[lattice theory|lattice]] and order theory that was developed by [[Garrett Birkhoff|Birkhoff]] and others in the 1930'
  5 KB (825 words) - 01:22, 13 December 2020
• Permission
  *2: [[formal]] [[consent]] : authorization ..., Theorie der Grundrechte, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt a. M.: 1985. Translation: A theory of constitutional rights, Oxford University Press, Oxford: 2002.
  2 KB (214 words) - 02:37, 13 December 2020
• Postulate
  ...ranted, and serves as a starting point for deducing and inferring other ([[theory]] dependent) [[truths]]. ...[formal]] logical [[expression]] used in deduction to build a mathematical theory. To axiomatize a [[system]] of [[knowledge]] is to show that its claims can
  4 KB (548 words) - 02:32, 13 December 2020
• Theorems
  ...ted]] or proposed as a demonstrable [[truth]] often as a part of a general theory : proposition <the theorem that the best defense is offense> ...ndamentally [[deductive]], in [[contrast]] to the notion of a scientific [[theory]], which is [[empirical]].
  3 KB (478 words) - 02:42, 13 December 2020
• Higgs boson
  ...s which would allow physicists to [[confirm]] this cornerstone of modern [[theory]]. ...teams at the LHC independently announced that they each [[confirmed]] the formal [[discovery]] of a previously unknown boson of [[mass]] between 125–127 G
  4 KB (565 words) - 00:01, 13 December 2020
• Recognition
  ...e [[state]] of [[being]] recognized: as a : acknowledgment; especially : [[formal]] acknowledgment of the [[political]] [[existence]] of a [[government]] or ..., Meno tells [[Socrates]] that he thinks that Socrates is correct in his [[theory]] of recollection, to which Socrates replies, “I think I am. I shouldn’
  2 KB (302 words) - 02:32, 13 December 2020
• Descend
  ...re is strong [[quantitative]] [[support]], by a [[formal]] test" for the [[theory]] that all living [[organisms]] on [[Earth]] are descended from a common an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin Charles Darwin] proposed the [[theory]] of universal common descent through an [[evolutionary]] [[process]] in [h
  4 KB (512 words) - 23:45, 12 December 2020
• Consensus
  The [[formal]] [[process]] of achieving consensus [[ideally]] requires serious treatment ...] or [[methods]], but others have prepared extensive documentation on both formal and informal consensus decision-making processes.
  10 KB (1,518 words) - 23:45, 12 December 2020
• Computer Science
  ...allenges in implementing computations. For example, [[programming language theory]] studies approaches to describing computations, while [[computer programmi Despite its relatively short history as a formal academic discipline, computer science has made a number of fundamental cont
  19 KB (2,538 words) - 23:43, 12 December 2020
• Definition
  *1 : an [[act]] of determining; specifically : the [[formal]] [[proclamation]] of a Roman Catholic [[dogma]] ...of the speaker's [[immediate]] [[intentional]] meaning. For example, in [[formal]] [[languages]] like [[mathematics]], a 'stipulative' definition guides a s
  6 KB (978 words) - 23:42, 12 December 2020
• Inference
  * [[Statistics|Statisticians]] have developed formal rules for inference from quantitative data. ...e is never false. This is because the validity of a deductive inference is formal. The inferred conclusion of a valid deductive inference is necessarily true
  12 KB (1,790 words) - 23:57, 12 December 2020
• Secession
  *2 : [[formal]] withdrawal from an [[organization]] ...ion should be considered only to [[rectify]] grave injustices (“Just Cause Theory”). Some theories do both. A list of justifications may be presented [[su
  3 KB (418 words) - 02:34, 13 December 2020
• Curriculum
  ==Curriculum in Formal Schooling== In formal education or schooling (see [[education]]), a '''curriculum''' (plural '''c
  7 KB (1,094 words) - 23:45, 12 December 2020
• Fallible
  ...s of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_choice_theory rational choice theory] which is widely used by economists for the understanding and [[modeling]]
  5 KB (724 words) - 23:56, 12 December 2020
• Apprehension
  ...) by which the sensory elements of a [[perception]] are subjected to the [[formal]] conditions of [[time and space]].
  4 KB (566 words) - 23:42, 12 December 2020
• Rational
  ...y only demands logical consistency in choice making. See [[rational choice theory]]. ...eally" rational, as well as whether it make sense to model them as such in formal models. Some have argued that a kind of [[bounded rationality]] makes more
  9 KB (1,369 words) - 02:32, 13 December 2020
• Hypnosis
  ...[state]] (state theory) or set of [[attitudes]] and [[beliefs]] (non-state theory) usually induced by a procedure known as a ''hypnotic induction'', which is ...g/wiki/Mesmerism Mesmerism]" or "animal magnetism"), but differed in his [[theory]] as to how the procedure worked.
  7 KB (1,001 words) - 23:56, 12 December 2020
• Research
  ...al applications. The terms “basic” or “fundamental” indicate that, through theory generation, basic research provides the foundation for further, sometimes a * Does [[string theory]] provide [[physics]] with a grand unification theory?
  10 KB (1,402 words) - 01:59, 13 December 2020
• Quantum Mechanics
  ...uid at temperatures near absolute zero) is one well-known example. Quantum theory also provides accurate descriptions for many previously unexplained [[pheno ...physicists_of_the_20th_century others].[5] Some fundamental aspects of the theory are still actively studied.[6]
  13 KB (1,848 words) - 02:37, 13 December 2020
• Composition
  ...mentally two types of composition: informal, and the less frequently found formal or symmetrical. Composition is also related to artistic canon, for example, ==Composition Theory==
  9 KB (1,500 words) - 23:43, 12 December 2020
• Natural Sciences
  ...the scientific method to study human behavior and society, and from the [[formal science]]s, such as [[mathematics]] and [[logic]], which use a different [[ ...Kepler|Kepler]]. By the nineteenth century, astronomy had developed into a formal science with the introduction of instruments such as the [[spectroscope]] a
  12 KB (1,707 words) - 01:20, 13 December 2020
• Simulate
  ...lds developed largely independently, but 20th century studies of [[Systems theory]] and [[Cybernetics]] combined with spreading use of computers across all t Traditionally, the [[formal]] modeling of systems has been via a [[mathematical model]], which attempts
  4 KB (569 words) - 01:57, 13 December 2020
• Structure
  ...cture, [[Alfred Korzybski]] is probably best-remembered for developing the theory of [[general semantics]]. ...tion tokens to determine its grammatical structure with respect to a given formal grammar. A parser is the component of a compiler that carries out this task
  7 KB (1,155 words) - 23:44, 19 May 2009
• Semiotics
  One attempt to [[formal]]ize the field was notably led by the [[Vienna Circle]] and presented in th *Syntactics: Relation of signs to each other in [[formal]] [[structures]].
  11 KB (1,640 words) - 02:37, 13 December 2020
• Logic
  ...J. Robert Cox and Charles Arthur Willard, eds. ''Advances in Argumentation Theory and Research'', Southern Illinois University Press, 1983 ISBN 0809310503, I ...h used, having been largely supplanted by [[set theory]]. As the study of formal logic expanded, research no longer focused solely on foundational issues, a
  33 KB (4,933 words) - 01:20, 13 December 2020
• Cultural Formation
  ==Theory of developmental stages== ...w children reason and interact with their surroundings. [[James Marcia]]'s theory focuses on identity achievement and has four identity statuses. [[Maria Mon
  13 KB (1,827 words) - 23:42, 12 December 2020
• Simulation
  ...ntury [[studies]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_theory Systems theory] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics Cybernetics] combined with [[Traditionally]], the [[formal]] [[modeling]] of [[systems]] has been via a [[mathematical model]], which
  5 KB (665 words) - 02:37, 13 December 2020
• Western Philosophy
  ...Subdisciplines include [[meta-ethics]], [[value (ethics)|value theory]], [[theory of conduct]], and [[applied ethics]]. ...yllogism]].) The more advanced topics in logic are generally extensions of formal logic to symbolize the logical relationships involved in particular aspects
  18 KB (2,593 words) - 02:41, 13 December 2020
• 90:3 Shamanic Theory of Disease and Death
  ...n cases of obscure [[disease]] and [[death]] the [[ancients]] would hold a formal inquest, dissect the [[body]], and settle upon some finding as the [[cause] ...eans] also looked upon the [[stars]] as the cause of [[suffering]]. This [[theory]] of [[disease]] as a consequence of [[divine]] wrath is still prevalent am
  7 KB (1,058 words) - 23:32, 12 December 2020
• Deduction
  ...9th century, [[Discovery of Neptune|Adams and LeVerrier]] applied Newton's theory (general principle) to deduce the existence, [[mass]], position, and [[orbi ...atural deduction]], an approach to proof theory that attempts to provide a formal model of logical reasoning as it "naturally" occurs.
  7 KB (1,002 words) - 23:45, 12 December 2020
• Personal
  # law: Any individual or formal organization with [[standing]] before the courts. ...[[medicine]], [[ethics]], [[economic]] and [[Political science|political]] theory, [[human rights]], and [[animal rights]].
  21 KB (3,151 words) - 01:56, 13 December 2020
• Genre
  ...ies. Even fiction that depicts innovations ruled out by current scientific theory, such as stories about or based on [[faster-than-light]] travel, are still ...ting that people learn to mimic, weave together, and manipulate (such as "formal letter" and "grocery list", or "university lecture" and "personal anecdote"
  4 KB (659 words) - 23:56, 12 December 2020
• Knowledge Representation
  In the 1980s formal computer knowledge representation languages and systems arose. Major projec ...ow to store and manipulate [[knowledge]] in an [[information system]] in a formal way so that it may be used by mechanisms to accomplish a given task. Exampl
  13 KB (1,963 words) - 01:27, 13 December 2020
• Relationship
  ...in-law, mother-in-law, uncle by marriage, or aunt by marriage. They may be formal long-term relationships recognized by law and formalized through public [[c ...united in a common cause or having a common interest, which may involve [[formal]] membership in a club, organization, association, society, lodge, fraterni
  12 KB (1,798 words) - 02:37, 13 December 2020
• Discourse
  ...ilosopher [[Michel Foucault]] (1926-1984) and [[Jürgen Habermas]]' ''[[The Theory of Communicative Action]]'' (''Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns''). Each ...to developmental psychology by [[Erica Burman]] and in relation to social theory and psychoanalysis by [[Ian Parker (psychologist)]], and a critical researc
  17 KB (2,437 words) - 00:33, 13 December 2020
• Multiverse
  ...his level includes Wheeler's [[Oscillatory universe|oscillating universe]] theory as well.) ...t is widely believed that Everett's interpretation (considered as a formal theory) is a [[conservative extension]] of standard quantum mechanics&nbsp;– tha
  22 KB (3,254 words) - 01:27, 13 December 2020
• Integral Movement
  ...s given a further definition, being made synonymous with Wilber's [[AQAL]] theory [https://aqaljournal.integralinstitute.org/public/Pdf/AQAL_Glossary_01-27-0 ...n of [[consciousness]] has also become a central theme in much of integral theory [https://integral-review.org/current_issue/documents/Gidley,%20Evolution%20
  26 KB (3,693 words) - 00:35, 13 December 2020
• Note
  ::b. A formal diplomatic or intergovernmental communication. ...[[pitch]] for most Western music, 440 Hz, is named a′ or A4. There are two formal ways to define each note and octave, the Helmholtz system and the Scientifi
  8 KB (1,397 words) - 01:39, 13 December 2020
• Hermeneutics
  '''Hermeneutics''' is the study of [[interpretation]] theory. [[Tradition]]al hermeneutics - which includes [[Bible|Biblical]] hermeneut Philosophical hermeneutics refers primarily to [[Hans-Georg Gadamer]]'s theory of [[knowledge]] as developed in ''Truth and Method'', and sometimes to [[P
  17 KB (2,358 words) - 23:56, 12 December 2020
• The Sciences
  ...e often led to major advances in the physical and biological sciences. The formal sciences are essential in the formation of [[hypotheses]], [[theories]], an ..., a large number of hypotheses may be logically bound together by a single theory. A ''[[physical law]]'' or ''law of nature'' is a scientific generalization
  28 KB (4,068 words) - 02:44, 13 December 2020
• Actuality
  The [[theory]] of [[Potentiality]] and '''Actuality''' is one of the central themes of [ Now, substance is a [[formal]] act. Moreover, a formal act is always the end of a transitive movement. Substance can also then be
  13 KB (2,159 words) - 23:35, 12 December 2020
• Mind maps
  ...map is similar to a semantic network or [[cognitive]] map but there are no formal restrictions on the kinds of links used. The semantic network was developed as a theory to understand [[human]] learning, and developed into mind maps by Dr Allan
  11 KB (1,753 words) - 01:21, 13 December 2020

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