Difference between revisions of "Symbiosis"
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==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
New [[Latin]], from German Symbiose, from [[Greek]] symbiōsis state of living together, from symbioun to live together, from symbios living together, from syn- + bios life | New [[Latin]], from German Symbiose, from [[Greek]] symbiōsis state of living together, from symbioun to live together, from symbios living together, from syn- + bios life | ||
| − | *Date: [ | + | *Date: [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_Century 1622] |
==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
*1 : the living together in more or less [[intimate]] [[association]] or close [[union]] of two dissimilar [[organisms]] (as in parasitism or commensalism); especially : mutualism | *1 : the living together in more or less [[intimate]] [[association]] or close [[union]] of two dissimilar [[organisms]] (as in parasitism or commensalism); especially : mutualism | ||
*2 : a [[cooperative]] [[relationship]] (as between two [[persons]] or [[groups]]) <the symbiosis…between the resident [[population]] and the immigrants — John Geipel> | *2 : a [[cooperative]] [[relationship]] (as between two [[persons]] or [[groups]]) <the symbiosis…between the resident [[population]] and the immigrants — John Geipel> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| − | The term '''symbiosis''' (from the [[Greek]]: σύν syn "with"; and βίωσις biosis "living") commonly describes close and often long-term interactions between [[different]] [[biological]] species. The term was first used in 1879 by the German mycologist [ | + | The term '''symbiosis''' (from the [[Greek]]: σύν syn "with"; and βίωσις biosis "living") commonly describes close and often long-term interactions between [[different]] [[biological]] species. The term was first used in 1879 by the German mycologist [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Anton_de_Bary Heinrich Anton de Bary], who defined it as "the living together of unlike [[organisms]]." The definition of symbiosis is in flux, and the term has been applied to a wide range of biological interactions. The symbiotic relationship may be categorized as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism_(biology) mutualistic], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commensalism commensal], or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitism parasitic] in [[nature]]. Others define it more narrowly, as only those relationships from which both organisms benefit, in which case it would be synonymous with mutualism. |
| − | Symbiotic relationships include those [[associations]] in which one organism lives on another ([ | + | Symbiotic relationships include those [[associations]] in which one organism lives on another ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectosymbiosis ectosymbiosis], such as mistletoe), or where one [[partner]] lives inside the other ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosymbiont endosymbiosis], such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in [[humans]] or zooxanthelles in corals). Symbiotic relationships may be either obligate, i.e., necessary for the [[survival]] of at least one of the organisms involved, or facultative, where the relationship is beneficial but not [[essential]] for survival of the organisms.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis] |
[[Category: Biology]] | [[Category: Biology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:37, 13 December 2020
Etymology
New Latin, from German Symbiose, from Greek symbiōsis state of living together, from symbioun to live together, from symbios living together, from syn- + bios life
- Date: 1622
Definitions
- 1 : the living together in more or less intimate association or close union of two dissimilar organisms (as in parasitism or commensalism); especially : mutualism
- 2 : a cooperative relationship (as between two persons or groups) <the symbiosis…between the resident population and the immigrants — John Geipel>
Description
The term symbiosis (from the Greek: σύν syn "with"; and βίωσις biosis "living") commonly describes close and often long-term interactions between different biological species. The term was first used in 1879 by the German mycologist Heinrich Anton de Bary, who defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms." The definition of symbiosis is in flux, and the term has been applied to a wide range of biological interactions. The symbiotic relationship may be categorized as mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic in nature. Others define it more narrowly, as only those relationships from which both organisms benefit, in which case it would be synonymous with mutualism.
Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ectosymbiosis, such as mistletoe), or where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis, such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in humans or zooxanthelles in corals). Symbiotic relationships may be either obligate, i.e., necessary for the survival of at least one of the organisms involved, or facultative, where the relationship is beneficial but not essential for survival of the organisms.[1]
