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In systems science, '''systems theory''' is an interdisciplinary [[theory]] about the [[nature]] of [[complex]] [[systems]] in [[nature]], [[society]], and [[science]], and is a [[Frame of reference|framework]] by which one can investigate and/or describe any [[group]] of objects that work together to produce some result. This could be a single [[organism]], any organization or society, or any electro-[[mechanical]] or [[informational]] [[artifact]]. Systems theory first originated in [[biology]] in the 1920s out of the need to explain the interrelatedness of organisms in [[Ecology|ecosystems]].[1] As a technical and general academic area of [[study]] it predominantly refers to the science of systems that resulted from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_von_Bertalanffy Bertalanffy's General System Theory] (GST), among others, in initiating what became a project of systems [[research]] and [[practice]]. Systems theoretical approaches were later appropriated in other fields, such as in the structural functionalist [[sociology]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talcott_Parsons Talcott Parsons] and Niklas Luhmann.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_systems_theory]
In systems science, '''systems theory''' is an interdisciplinary [[theory]] about the [[nature]] of [[complex]] [[systems]] in [[nature]], [[society]], and [[science]], and is a [[Frame of reference|framework]] by which one can investigate and/or describe any [[group]] of objects that work together to produce some result. This could be a single [[organism]], any organization or society, or any electro-[[mechanical]] or [[informational]] [[artifact]]. Systems theory first originated in [[biology]] in the 1920s out of the need to explain the interrelatedness of organisms in [[Ecology|ecosystems]].[1] As a technical and general academic area of [[study]] it predominantly refers to the science of systems that resulted from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_von_Bertalanffy Bertalanffy's General System Theory] (GST), among others, in initiating what became a project of systems [[research]] and [[practice]]. Systems theoretical approaches were later appropriated in other fields, such as in the structural functionalist [[sociology]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talcott_Parsons Talcott Parsons] and Niklas Luhmann.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_systems_theory]
== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/DEFAULT.html Principia Cybernetica Web]
* [http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/DEFAULT.html Principia Cybernetica Web] |[http://projects.isss.org/Main/Primer International Society for the System Sciences] | [http://www.acm.org/sigois/auto/Main.html Autopoiesis at the ACM website] |[http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/SYSTHEOR.html Systems theory] | [http://www.systemique.levillage.org Le Village Systémique] | [http://systems.open.ac.uk/ Systems Department, Open University | [http://neocybernetics.com/lectures/ Lecture videos on systems theory (neocybernetics)] at Helsinki University of Technology]
[[Category: Sociology]]
[[Category: Sociology]]