Changes

==Etymology==

==Etymology==

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], to estimate, assess, tax, from Anglo-French taxer, from Medieval Latin taxare, from [[Latin]], to [[feel]], estimate, censure, frequentative of tangere to [[touch]]

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], to estimate, assess, tax, from Anglo-French taxer, from Medieval Latin taxare, from [[Latin]], to [[feel]], estimate, censure, frequentative of tangere to [[touch]]

*Date: [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Century 14th century]

*Date: [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Century 14th century]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1 : to assess or determine [[judicially]] the amount of (costs in a [[court]] [[action]])

*1 : to assess or determine [[judicially]] the amount of (costs in a [[court]] [[action]])

The [[legal]] definition and the [[economic]] definition of taxes [[differ]] in that [[economists]] do not consider many [[transfers]] to [[governments]] to be taxes. For example, some transfers to the [[public]] sector are comparable to prices. Examples include tuition at [[public]] [[universities]] and fees for utilities provided by local governments. [[Governments]] also obtain [[resources]] by creating [[money]] (e.g., printing bills and minting coins), through [[voluntary]] gifts (e.g., contributions to [[public]] [[universities]] and museums),by imposing penalties (e.g., traffic fines), by borrowing, and by confiscating [[wealth]]. From the view of [[economists]], a tax is a non-penal, yet compulsory [[transfer]] of [[resources]] from the [[private]] to the [[public]] sector levied on a basis of predetermined criteria and without [[reference]] to specific benefit received.

The [[legal]] definition and the [[economic]] definition of taxes [[differ]] in that [[economists]] do not consider many [[transfers]] to [[governments]] to be taxes. For example, some transfers to the [[public]] sector are comparable to prices. Examples include tuition at [[public]] [[universities]] and fees for utilities provided by local governments. [[Governments]] also obtain [[resources]] by creating [[money]] (e.g., printing bills and minting coins), through [[voluntary]] gifts (e.g., contributions to [[public]] [[universities]] and museums),by imposing penalties (e.g., traffic fines), by borrowing, and by confiscating [[wealth]]. From the view of [[economists]], a tax is a non-penal, yet compulsory [[transfer]] of [[resources]] from the [[private]] to the [[public]] sector levied on a basis of predetermined criteria and without [[reference]] to specific benefit received.

In modern taxation [[systems]], taxes are levied in [[money]], but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-kind in-kind] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corv%C3%A9e corvée] taxation are characteristic of [[traditional]] or pre-[[capitalist]] states and their [[functional]] equivalents. The [[method]] of taxation and the [[government]] expenditure of taxes raised is often highly [[debated]] in [[politics]] and [[economics]]. Tax collection is performed by a government [[agency]] such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_Revenue_Agency Canada Revenue Agency], the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service Internal Revenue Service] (IRS) in the United States, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Revenue_and_Customs Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs] (HMRC) in the UK. When taxes are not fully paid, civil penalties (such as fines or forfeiture) or [[criminal]] penalties (such as incarceration) may be imposed on the non-paying [[entity]] or [[individual]].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax]

In modern taxation [[systems]], taxes are levied in [[money]], but [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-kind in-kind] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corv%C3%A9e corvée] taxation are characteristic of [[traditional]] or pre-[[capitalist]] states and their [[functional]] equivalents. The [[method]] of taxation and the [[government]] expenditure of taxes raised is often highly [[debated]] in [[politics]] and [[economics]]. Tax collection is performed by a government [[agency]] such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_Revenue_Agency Canada Revenue Agency], the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service Internal Revenue Service] (IRS) in the United States, or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Revenue_and_Customs Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs] (HMRC) in the UK. When taxes are not fully paid, civil penalties (such as fines or forfeiture) or [[criminal]] penalties (such as incarceration) may be imposed on the non-paying [[entity]] or [[individual]].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax]

[[Category: Political Science]]

[[Category: Political Science]]

[[Category: Economics]]

[[Category: Economics]]