Changes

Almost anything—animate objects, inanimate objects, places, [[concepts]], [[events]], properties, and [[relationships]]—may then be classified according to some taxonomic scheme.

Almost anything—animate objects, inanimate objects, places, [[concepts]], [[events]], properties, and [[relationships]]—may then be classified according to some taxonomic scheme.

In an even wider sense, the term taxonomy could also be applied to relationship schemes other than parent-child hierarchies, such as network structures with other types of relationships. Taxonomies may then include single children with multi-parents, for example, "Car" might appear with both parents "Vehicle" and "Steel [[Mechanisms]]"; to some however, this merely means that 'car' is a part of several different taxonomies.[2] A taxonomy might also be a simple organization of kinds of [[things]] into [[groups]], or even an alphabetical list. However, the term vocabulary is more appropriate for such a list. In current usage within [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_Management Knowledge Management], taxonomies are considered narrower than [[ontologies]] since ontologies apply a larger variety of relation types.[3]

In an even wider sense, the term taxonomy could also be applied to relationship schemes other than parent-child hierarchies, such as network structures with other types of relationships. Taxonomies may then include single children with multi-parents, for example, "Car" might appear with both parents "Vehicle" and "Steel [[Mechanisms]]"; to some however, this merely means that 'car' is a part of several different taxonomies.[2] A taxonomy might also be a simple organization of kinds of [[things]] into [[groups]], or even an alphabetical list. However, the term vocabulary is more appropriate for such a list. In current usage within [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_Management Knowledge Management], taxonomies are considered narrower than [[ontologies]] since ontologies apply a larger variety of relation types.[3]

[[Mathematically]], a [[hierarchical]] taxonomy is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_structure tree structure] of classifications for a given set of objects. It is also named [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Containment_hierarchy Containment hierarchy]. At the top of this structure is a single classification, the root node, that applies to all objects. Nodes below this root are more specific classifications that apply to subsets of the total set of classified objects. The [[progress]] of [[reasoning]] proceeds from the general to the more specific. In scientific taxonomies, a conflative term is always a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyseme polyseme].[4]

[[Mathematically]], a [[hierarchical]] taxonomy is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_structure tree structure] of classifications for a given set of objects. It is also named [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Containment_hierarchy Containment hierarchy]. At the top of this structure is a single classification, the root node, that applies to all objects. Nodes below this root are more specific classifications that apply to subsets of the total set of classified objects. The [[progress]] of [[reasoning]] proceeds from the general to the more specific. In scientific taxonomies, a conflative term is always a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyseme polyseme].[4]

In contrast, in a [[context]] of [[legal]] terminology, an open-ended contextual taxonomy—a taxonomy holding only with respect to a specific context. In scenarios taken from the legal domain, a [[formal]] account of the open-texture of legal terms is modeled, which suggests varying notions of the "core" and "penumbra" of the [[meanings]] of a concept. The progress of reasoning proceeds from the specific to the more general.[5][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy]

In contrast, in a [[context]] of [[legal]] terminology, an open-ended contextual taxonomy—a taxonomy holding only with respect to a specific context. In scenarios taken from the legal domain, a [[formal]] account of the open-texture of legal terms is modeled, which suggests varying notions of the "core" and "penumbra" of the [[meanings]] of a concept. The progress of reasoning proceeds from the specific to the more general.[5][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy]

==Notes==

==Notes==

# Zirn, Cäcilia, Vivi Nastase and Michael Strube. "Distinguishing Between Instances and Classes in the Wikipedia Taxonomy" (paper); (video lecture). 5th Annual European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2008).

# Zirn, Cäcilia, Vivi Nastase and Michael Strube. "Distinguishing Between Instances and Classes in the Wikipedia Taxonomy" (paper); (video lecture). 5th Annual European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2008).

* Chester D Rowe and Stephen M Davis, 'The Excellence Engine Tool Kit'; ISBN: 978-0-615-24850-9

* Chester D Rowe and Stephen M Davis, 'The Excellence Engine Tool Kit'; ISBN: 978-0-615-24850-9

== External links ==

== External links ==

* [http://www.db.dk/jni/lifeboat/info.asp?subjectid=15  Hjørland: Scientific classification and taxonomy. IN: The epistemological Lifeboat]

* [https://www.db.dk/jni/lifeboat/info.asp?subjectid=15  Hjørland: Scientific classification and taxonomy. IN: The epistemological Lifeboat]

* [http://species.wikimedia.org/ Wikispecies Main Page]

* [https://species.wikimedia.org/ Wikispecies Main Page]

* [http://www.itis.gov/ Integrated Taxonomic Information System]

* [https://www.itis.gov/ Integrated Taxonomic Information System]

* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi/ Taxonomy Browser of National Center for Biotechnology Information]

* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi/ Taxonomy Browser of National Center for Biotechnology Information]

* [http://www.taxonomystrategies.com/html/bibliography.htm Library of Taxonomy Resources]

* [https://www.taxonomystrategies.com/html/bibliography.htm Library of Taxonomy Resources]

* [http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tm-vs-thesauri.html Metadata? Thesauri? Taxonomies? Topic Maps! - Making sense of it all]

* [https://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tm-vs-thesauri.html Metadata? Thesauri? Taxonomies? Topic Maps! - Making sense of it all]

* [http://www.taxonomies-sig.org/ Taxonomies & Controlled Vocabularies Special Interest Group of the American Society for Indexing]

* [https://www.taxonomies-sig.org/ Taxonomies & Controlled Vocabularies Special Interest Group of the American Society for Indexing]

* [http://www.cetaf.org Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities]

* [https://www.cetaf.org Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities]

[[Category: The Sciences]]

[[Category: The Sciences]]