Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

"Terrorism" comes from the French word ''terrorisme'', and originally referred specifically to state terrorism as [[practiced]] by the French government during the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reign_of_terror Reign of terror]. The French word ''terrorisme'' in turn derives from the [[Latin]] verb ''terreō'' meaning “I frighten”. The ''terror cimbricus'' was a panic and state of [[emergency]] in [[Rome]] in response to the approach of warriors of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimbri Cimbri] tribe in 105 BC. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobin_Club Jacobins] cited this precedent when imposing a Reign of Terror during the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution French Revolution]. After the Jacobins lost power, the word "terrorist" became a term of [[abuse]]. Although "terrorism" originally referred to acts [[committed]] by a [[government]], currently it usually refers to the killing of innocent people by a non-government group in such a way as to create a [[media]] [[spectacle]]. This meaning can be traced back to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Nechayev Sergey Nechayev], who described himself as a "terrorist". Nechayev founded the Russian terrorist group "People's Retribution" (Народная расправа) in 1869.

"Terrorism" comes from the French word ''terrorisme'', and originally referred specifically to state terrorism as [[practiced]] by the French government during the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reign_of_terror Reign of terror]. The French word ''terrorisme'' in turn derives from the [[Latin]] verb ''terreō'' meaning “I frighten”. The ''terror cimbricus'' was a panic and state of [[emergency]] in [[Rome]] in response to the approach of warriors of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimbri Cimbri] tribe in 105 BC. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobin_Club Jacobins] cited this precedent when imposing a Reign of Terror during the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution French Revolution]. After the Jacobins lost power, the word "terrorist" became a term of [[abuse]]. Although "terrorism" originally referred to acts [[committed]] by a [[government]], currently it usually refers to the killing of innocent people by a non-government group in such a way as to create a [[media]] [[spectacle]]. This meaning can be traced back to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Nechayev Sergey Nechayev], who described himself as a "terrorist". Nechayev founded the Russian terrorist group "People's Retribution" (Народная расправа) in 1869.

In November 2004, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Secretary_General United Nations Secretary General] report described terrorism as any act "intended to cause [[death]] or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the [[purpose]] of intimidating a [[population]] or compelling a [[government]] or an international organization to do or abstain from doing any act".

In November 2004, a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Secretary_General United Nations Secretary General] report described terrorism as any act "intended to cause [[death]] or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the [[purpose]] of intimidating a [[population]] or compelling a [[government]] or an international organization to do or abstain from doing any act".

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century 1795]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century 1795]

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Terrorism''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Terrorism '''''this link'''''].</center>

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Terrorism''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Terrorism '''''this link'''''].</center>

==Definition==

==Definition==

*1: the [[systematic]] use of [[fear]] especially as a means of [[coercion]]  

*1: the [[systematic]] use of [[fear]] especially as a means of [[coercion]]  

==Description==

==Description==

'''Terrorism''' is the [[systematic]] use of terror, often [[violent]], especially as a means of [[coercion]]. In the international [[community]], however, terrorism has no legally binding, criminal [[law]] [[definition]]. Common definitions of terrorism refer only to those violent [[acts]] which are intended to create [[fear]] (terror); are perpetrated for a [[religious]], [[political]], or [[ideological]] goal; and deliberately target or disregard the safety of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-combatant non-combatants] (civilians). Some definitions now include acts of unlawful violence and [[war]]. The use of similar [[tactics]] by [[criminal]] organizations for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protection_racket protection rackets] or to enforce a code of [[silence]] is usually not labeled terrorism, though these same actions may be labeled terrorism when done by a [[politically]] [[motivated]] group. The writer Heinrich Böll and scholars Raj Desai and Harry Eckstein have suggested that attempts to protect against terrorism may lead to a kind of social [[oppression]].

'''Terrorism''' is the [[systematic]] use of terror, often [[violent]], especially as a means of [[coercion]]. In the international [[community]], however, terrorism has no legally binding, criminal [[law]] [[definition]]. Common definitions of terrorism refer only to those violent [[acts]] which are intended to create [[fear]] (terror); are perpetrated for a [[religious]], [[political]], or [[ideological]] goal; and deliberately target or disregard the safety of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-combatant non-combatants] (civilians). Some definitions now include acts of unlawful violence and [[war]]. The use of similar [[tactics]] by [[criminal]] organizations for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protection_racket protection rackets] or to enforce a code of [[silence]] is usually not labeled terrorism, though these same actions may be labeled terrorism when done by a [[politically]] [[motivated]] group. The writer Heinrich Böll and scholars Raj Desai and Harry Eckstein have suggested that attempts to protect against terrorism may lead to a kind of social [[oppression]].

The word "terrorism" is politically and [[emotionally]] charged, and this greatly compounds the [[difficulty]] of providing a [[precise]] [[definition]]. Studies have found over 100 definitions of “terrorism”. The concept of terrorism may be [[controversial]] as it is often used by state [[authorities]] (and [[individuals]] with [[access]] to state support) to delegitimize political or other opponents, and potentially legitimize the state's own use of armed force against opponents (such use of force may be described as "terror" by opponents of the state).

The word "terrorism" is politically and [[emotionally]] charged, and this greatly compounds the [[difficulty]] of providing a [[precise]] [[definition]]. Studies have found over 100 definitions of “terrorism”. The concept of terrorism may be [[controversial]] as it is often used by state [[authorities]] (and [[individuals]] with [[access]] to state support) to delegitimize political or other opponents, and potentially legitimize the state's own use of armed force against opponents (such use of force may be described as "terror" by opponents of the state).