Changes

23 bytes added , 02:41, 13 December 2020

m

Text replacement - "http://" to "https://"

Line 9: Line 9:

<center>For the text of '''''The Book of Revelation''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Revelation this link]</center>

==Introduction==

−

After a short introduction (ch. 1:1–10) Revelation 1:1-10 (King James Version)| publisher BibleGateway.com [~~http~~://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%201:1-10&version=9], the book presents an account of the author, who identifies himself as John, and of two visions that he received on the isle of [[Patmos]]. The first vision (chs. 1:11–3:22), related by "''one like unto the [[Son of man]], clothed with a garment down to the foot, and girt about the paps with a golden girdle''", speaking with "''a great voice, as of a trumpet''", is a statement addressed to the [[seven churches of Asia]]. The second vision, which makes up the rest of the book (Revelation 4-22 (King James Version)| publisher =BibleGateway.com [~~http~~://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%204-22;&version=9], begins with "a door … opened in the sky" and describes what some might describe as the [[End of the world (religion)|end of the world]]— or more properly, the end of the age, in which Satan's rule through Man is destroyed by Messiah. Viewed are these events: the Great Tribulation, the Campaign of [[Armageddon]], the Second Coming of the Messiah with the restoration of [[peace]] to the world and His 1,000 year reign, the imprisonment of [[Satan]] until he is 'loosed' for the final rebellion, [[God]]'s final judgment over Satan, the Great White throne judgment, and the ushering in of the New Heavens and New Earth. Alternatively, according to the Preterist theory, the events of the latter part of the Apocalypse of John are interpreted as being fulfilled by events in the 1st century.

+

After a short introduction (ch. 1:1–10) Revelation 1:1-10 (King James Version)| publisher BibleGateway.com [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%201:1-10&version=9], the book presents an account of the author, who identifies himself as John, and of two visions that he received on the isle of [[Patmos]]. The first vision (chs. 1:11–3:22), related by "''one like unto the [[Son of man]], clothed with a garment down to the foot, and girt about the paps with a golden girdle''", speaking with "''a great voice, as of a trumpet''", is a statement addressed to the [[seven churches of Asia]]. The second vision, which makes up the rest of the book (Revelation 4-22 (King James Version)| publisher =BibleGateway.com [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%204-22;&version=9], begins with "a door … opened in the sky" and describes what some might describe as the [[End of the world (religion)|end of the world]]— or more properly, the end of the age, in which Satan's rule through Man is destroyed by Messiah. Viewed are these events: the Great Tribulation, the Campaign of [[Armageddon]], the Second Coming of the Messiah with the restoration of [[peace]] to the world and His 1,000 year reign, the imprisonment of [[Satan]] until he is 'loosed' for the final rebellion, [[God]]'s final judgment over Satan, the Great White throne judgment, and the ushering in of the New Heavens and New Earth. Alternatively, according to the Preterist theory, the events of the latter part of the Apocalypse of John are interpreted as being fulfilled by events in the 1st century.

−

Revelation is considered by some to be one of the most controversial and difficult books of the Bible, with many diverse interpretations of the meanings of the various names and events in the account. [[Protestant]] founder [[Martin Luther]] at first considered Revelation to be "neither apostolic nor prophetic" and stated that "Christ is neither taught nor known in it",[~~http~~://www.bible-researcher.com/antilegomena.html Luther's Treatment of the 'Disputed Books' of the New Testament] and placed it in his [[Antilegomena]]. [[John Calvin]] believed the book to be canonical, yet it was the only New Testament book on which he did not write a commentary.Anthony A. Hoekema,''[~~http~~://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC&pg=PA297&dq=calvin+%22book+of+revelation%22&sig=AmfrifDlGtS92J3RYA22eIK-Fqs The Bible and the future],'' P.297. ISBN 0802835163 ISBN 9780802835161, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1979.

+

Revelation is considered by some to be one of the most controversial and difficult books of the Bible, with many diverse interpretations of the meanings of the various names and events in the account. [[Protestant]] founder [[Martin Luther]] at first considered Revelation to be "neither apostolic nor prophetic" and stated that "Christ is neither taught nor known in it",[https://www.bible-researcher.com/antilegomena.html Luther's Treatment of the 'Disputed Books' of the New Testament] and placed it in his [[Antilegomena]]. [[John Calvin]] believed the book to be canonical, yet it was the only New Testament book on which he did not write a commentary.Anthony A. Hoekema,''[https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC&pg=PA297&dq=calvin+%22book+of+revelation%22&sig=AmfrifDlGtS92J3RYA22eIK-Fqs The Bible and the future],'' P.297. ISBN 0802835163 ISBN 9780802835161, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1979.

In the [[4th century]], [[John Chrysostom|St. John Chrysostom]] and other [[bishop]]s argued against including this book in the New Testament [[Biblical canon|canon]], chiefly because of the difficulties of interpreting it and the danger for abuse. Christians in [[Syria]] also reject it because of the [[Montanism|Montanists']] heavy reliance on it. see N. B. Stonehouse, Apocalypse in the Ancient Church, (c. 1929), pp. 139-142, esp. p. 138 In the [[9th century]], it was included with the ''[[Apocalypse of Peter]]'' among "disputed" books in the ''Stichometry'' of [[Saint Nicephorus|St. Nicephorus]], [[Patriarch of Constantinople]]. In the end it was included in the accepted canon, although it remains the only book of the New Testament that is not read within the [[Divine Liturgy]] of the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]. See [[Biblical canon]] for details.

Line 30: Line 30:

===Modern views===

−

Although the traditional view still has many adherents, some modern scholars believe that [[John the Apostle]], [[John the Evangelist]], and [[John of Patmos]] refer to three separate individuals. Certain lines of evidence suggest that John of Patmos wrote only Revelation, not the Gospel of John nor the Epistles of John. For one, the author of Revelation identifies himself as "John" several times, but the author of the Gospel of John never identifies himself directly. While both works liken Jesus to a lamb, they consistently use different words for lamb when referring to him—the Gospel uses ''amnos'', Revelation uses ''arnion''. [~~http~~://bible.crosswalk.com/Lexicons/NewTestamentGreek/grk.cgi?search=lamb&version=kjv&type=eng&submit=Find New Testament Greek Lexicon ] based on [[Strong's Concordance]] Lastly, the Gospel is written in nearly flawless [[Greek language|Greek]], but Revelation contains grammatical errors and stylistic abnormalities which indicate its author may not have been as familiar with the Greek language as the Gospel's author. Ehrman 2004, p. 475ff

+

Although the traditional view still has many adherents, some modern scholars believe that [[John the Apostle]], [[John the Evangelist]], and [[John of Patmos]] refer to three separate individuals. Certain lines of evidence suggest that John of Patmos wrote only Revelation, not the Gospel of John nor the Epistles of John. For one, the author of Revelation identifies himself as "John" several times, but the author of the Gospel of John never identifies himself directly. While both works liken Jesus to a lamb, they consistently use different words for lamb when referring to him—the Gospel uses ''amnos'', Revelation uses ''arnion''. [https://bible.crosswalk.com/Lexicons/NewTestamentGreek/grk.cgi?search=lamb&version=kjv&type=eng&submit=Find New Testament Greek Lexicon ] based on [[Strong's Concordance]] Lastly, the Gospel is written in nearly flawless [[Greek language|Greek]], but Revelation contains grammatical errors and stylistic abnormalities which indicate its author may not have been as familiar with the Greek language as the Gospel's author. Ehrman 2004, p. 475ff

==Dating==

Line 38: Line 38:

==Eschatology==

−

Some Protestant theologians argue that the [[Gospel of John]] contains a realized [[Christian eschatology|eschatology]] which contradicts the [[futurism (Christian eschatology)|futurist eschatology]] contained in Revelation (e.g., chs. 21–22). Against this Protestant view, however, stands the Protestant proposition that, properly interpreted, even realized eschatology is not ''fully'' realized eschatology: God's kingdom has been initiated but is not entirely implemented. This view is generally called the "already but not yet" state of God's kingdom "Thy Kingdom Come" [~~http~~://www.truevictories.com] ISBN 1419680242 .

+

Some Protestant theologians argue that the [[Gospel of John]] contains a realized [[Christian eschatology|eschatology]] which contradicts the [[futurism (Christian eschatology)|futurist eschatology]] contained in Revelation (e.g., chs. 21–22). Against this Protestant view, however, stands the Protestant proposition that, properly interpreted, even realized eschatology is not ''fully'' realized eschatology: God's kingdom has been initiated but is not entirely implemented. This view is generally called the "already but not yet" state of God's kingdom "Thy Kingdom Come" [https://www.truevictories.com] ISBN 1419680242 .

Another view is held by Catholics and the Orthodox church. Both hold the differing opinion that they are the visible Kingdom and Government spoken of in Isaiah that God set up entirely, and until the end of time. Therefore they do not fall under that previous Protestant opinion, and their joint view of the historicity of the entire prophecy of both books (John and Revelation), and also of the prophecy contained in Matthew 23, is entirely defensible. The basis for this argument is, amongst other passages, Matthew 23:36, "Till this generation passes" and Chapters 11:19 to 12:18 of the Book of Revelation, which Catholics believe is the showing by Christ to John of the spiritual meaning of the Virgin Mary's escape from Jerusalem and eventual Coronation in Heaven, which John originally took part in but didn't understand. The narrative is at the same time considered a metaphor for the Church and its followers, showing how they will be protected by God.

Line 64: Line 64:

===Preterist view===

−

[[Preterism]] holds that the contents of Revelation constitute a prophecy of events that were fulfilled in the 1st century. This is the view which is held by the overwhelming majority of Catholics [~~http~~://www.catholic.com/library/Whore_of_Babylon.asp] This view depends critically on an early date of Revelation, ''c.'' 68, since any later date makes the "prophecy" postdate the events prophesied. Even accepting that date leaves a narrow margin of one to two years before the fulfillment occurs. Preterist interpretations generally identify either Jerusalem or Pagan Rome as the persecutor of the Church, "Babylon", the "Mother of Harlots", etc. They see Armageddon as God's judgment on the Jews, carried out by the [[Military history of the Roman Empire|Roman army]], which is identified as "the beast". Some preterists see the second half of Revelation as changing focus to Rome, its persecution of Christians, and the fall of the [[Roman Empire]]. It sees the Revelation being fulfilled in 70, thereby bringing the full presence of God to dwell with all humanity. It also holds, especially in the Catholic belief, that the Emperor Nero, who blamed the Rome fire on the Christians in Rome, sparking a wave of persecution, was possibly the Antichrist mentioned in the book as his name equals 666 in Hebrew.[~~http~~://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01594b.htm] If using the Greek spelling of Nero's name(Neron Caesar), but using the Hebrew symbols with their assigned numeric values (an ancient method known as [[gematria]]), the total of the numeric values equals 666. However, a few ancient manuscripts of the Revelation say the number is 616, fifty less than the more well known numeral. A possible method to this problem lies in early translation. In the assumption that the Revelation was meant to be distributed among the early Christians, it could very well be assumed that occasionally someone may have used the Latin spelling of Nero's name(Nero Caesar), so the total value of the gematria would be 616. Nero as the Antichrist

+

[[Preterism]] holds that the contents of Revelation constitute a prophecy of events that were fulfilled in the 1st century. This is the view which is held by the overwhelming majority of Catholics [https://www.catholic.com/library/Whore_of_Babylon.asp] This view depends critically on an early date of Revelation, ''c.'' 68, since any later date makes the "prophecy" postdate the events prophesied. Even accepting that date leaves a narrow margin of one to two years before the fulfillment occurs. Preterist interpretations generally identify either Jerusalem or Pagan Rome as the persecutor of the Church, "Babylon", the "Mother of Harlots", etc. They see Armageddon as God's judgment on the Jews, carried out by the [[Military history of the Roman Empire|Roman army]], which is identified as "the beast". Some preterists see the second half of Revelation as changing focus to Rome, its persecution of Christians, and the fall of the [[Roman Empire]]. It sees the Revelation being fulfilled in 70, thereby bringing the full presence of God to dwell with all humanity. It also holds, especially in the Catholic belief, that the Emperor Nero, who blamed the Rome fire on the Christians in Rome, sparking a wave of persecution, was possibly the Antichrist mentioned in the book as his name equals 666 in Hebrew.[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01594b.htm] If using the Greek spelling of Nero's name(Neron Caesar), but using the Hebrew symbols with their assigned numeric values (an ancient method known as [[gematria]]), the total of the numeric values equals 666. However, a few ancient manuscripts of the Revelation say the number is 616, fifty less than the more well known numeral. A possible method to this problem lies in early translation. In the assumption that the Revelation was meant to be distributed among the early Christians, it could very well be assumed that occasionally someone may have used the Latin spelling of Nero's name(Nero Caesar), so the total value of the gematria would be 616. Nero as the Antichrist

−

[~~http~~://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/gladiators/nero.html] Hank Hanegraaff. 2007. ''The Apocalypse Code'' (ISBN 0-8499-0184-7) Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, Inc. Catholics generally believe chapters 11:19 to 12:18 are the true story of the Journey to Ephesus (and then later to Heaven) of the Virgin Mary (who they believe is the Second ark of the Covenant), and a possible metaphor for the plight of the early church. All that remains for Catholic preterists is Christ's second coming.

+

[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/gladiators/nero.html] Hank Hanegraaff. 2007. ''The Apocalypse Code'' (ISBN 0-8499-0184-7) Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, Inc. Catholics generally believe chapters 11:19 to 12:18 are the true story of the Journey to Ephesus (and then later to Heaven) of the Virgin Mary (who they believe is the Second ark of the Covenant), and a possible metaphor for the plight of the early church. All that remains for Catholic preterists is Christ's second coming.

Another view of the book of Revelation is known as [[Partial Preterism]]. This view, much like modern [[dispensationalism]], splits end-times prophecy into multiple parts. Whereas in some of the many varieties of dispensationalism, part of the Book of Revelation is literal where as other parts are figurative, Partial-Preterism does the same and holds Matthew 24 to be partially speaking of the fall of Jerusalem in 70, where as other parts are fulfilled at the [[Second Coming|final return of Christ]].

Line 121: Line 121:

The esoteric view also presents the Book as the Christian yoga (union) practices text on death and rebirth in Christ. The four horsemen are described as the four elemental forces (fire, water, air, earth) and are used in the spiritual purification of the body and mind. The characters of Revelation are considered anthropomorphized aspects of human consciousness. Hudson, 2006

−

[[Edgar Cayce]] had a similar interpretation.[~~http~~://www.edgarcayce.org/ps2/mysticism_interpretating_revelation.html Interpretating the Revelation by John Van Auken]

+

[[Edgar Cayce]] had a similar interpretation.[https://www.edgarcayce.org/ps2/mysticism_interpretating_revelation.html Interpretating the Revelation by John Van Auken]

Line 135: Line 135:

The acceptance of Revelation into the [[Biblical canon|canon]] is itself the result of a historical process, essentially no different from the career of other texts. The eventual exclusion of other contemporary apocalyptic literature from the canon may throw light on the unfolding historical processes of what was officially considered orthodox, what was [[heterodox]], what was even heretical. Interpretation of meanings and imagery are anchored in what the historical author intended and what his contemporary audience inferred; a message to Christians not to assimilate into the Roman Imperial Culture was John's central message. Thus, his letter (written in the apocalyptic genre) is pastoral in nature, and the symbolism of Revelation is to be understood entirely within its historical, literary and social context. Critics study the conventions of [[apocalyptic literature]] and events of the [[1st century]] to make sense of what the author may have intended.

−

During a discussion about Revelation on [[23 August]] [[2006]], [[Pope Benedict XVI]] remarked: "The seer of Patmos, identified with the apostle, is granted a series of visions meant to reassure the Christians of Asia amid the persecutions and trials of the end of the first century."~~http~~://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=20995

+

During a discussion about Revelation on [[23 August]] [[2006]], [[Pope Benedict XVI]] remarked: "The seer of Patmos, identified with the apostle, is granted a series of visions meant to reassure the Christians of Asia amid the persecutions and trials of the end of the first century."https://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=20995

== Book References ==

* Bass, Ralph E., Jr. 2004. ''Back to the Future: A Study in the Book of Revelation'' (ISBN 0-9759547-0-9) Greenville, SC: Living Hope Press.

−

* Understanding Prophecy and Typology ''~~http~~://www.inplainsite.org/html/prophecy_and_typology.html''

+

* Understanding Prophecy and Typology ''https://www.inplainsite.org/html/prophecy_and_typology.html''

*Raymond E. Brown, Introduction to the New Testament, Anchor Bible, October 3, 1997, ISBN 0-385-24767-2

Line 152: Line 152:

*Karen L. King, 2006, The Secret Revelation of John, ISBN 0674019032, Harvard University Press

−

* [~~http~~://www.press.daynal.org/catalog/secret.html Religa, Stella, The Secret Revelation], ISBN 1-931254-07-9, published by [[Origin Press]], 2002

+

* [https://www.press.daynal.org/catalog/secret.html Religa, Stella, The Secret Revelation], ISBN 1-931254-07-9, published by [[Origin Press]], 2002

*Samael Aun Weor | title=The Aquarian Message: Gnostic Kabbalah and Tarot in the Apocalypse of St. John, Thelema Press 1960 & 2004 ISBN 0-9745916-5-3

Line 165: Line 165:

==External links==

−

* [~~http~~://www.babylonfalls.org/revelation_chart.html Revelation Chart] Commentary and chronological depiction.

+

* [https://www.babylonfalls.org/revelation_chart.html Revelation Chart] Commentary and chronological depiction.

−

* [~~http~~://www.sacred-texts.com/eso/sta/sta46.htm#page_185 The Mystery of The Apocalypse]

+

* [https://www.sacred-texts.com/eso/sta/sta46.htm#page_185 The Mystery of The Apocalypse]

−

* [~~http~~://www.wls.wels.net/audio/128.php Revelation Lectures by Prof. Siegbert Becker in .mp3 audio]

+

* [https://www.wls.wels.net/audio/128.php Revelation Lectures by Prof. Siegbert Becker in .mp3 audio]

−

* [~~http~~://www.confessionallutherans.org/papers/revtoc.html 22 Bible Studies on Revelation] by Rev. Paul A. Bartz

+

* [https://www.confessionallutherans.org/papers/revtoc.html 22 Bible Studies on Revelation] by Rev. Paul A. Bartz

Articles:

−

*[~~http~~://www.earlychristianwritings.com/revelation.html Early Christian Writings:] Apocalypse of John: text, introduction, context

+

*[https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/revelation.html Early Christian Writings:] Apocalypse of John: text, introduction, context

−

*[~~http~~://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01594b.htm Apocalypse, Book of] - Article from the Catholic Encyclopedia

+

*[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01594b.htm Apocalypse, Book of] - Article from the Catholic Encyclopedia

−

*[~~http~~://www.mtio.com/articles/bissart5.htm The End Times in Revelation] - Article from Good News magazine

+

*[https://www.mtio.com/articles/bissart5.htm The End Times in Revelation] - Article from Good News magazine

−

*[~~http~~://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=248&letter=R Jewish Encyclopedia: REVELATION (BOOK OF)]

+

*[https://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=248&letter=R Jewish Encyclopedia: REVELATION (BOOK OF)]

−

*[~~http~~://www.biblaridion-online.net/zine-online/zine06q2/bibzine06q2_p5.html ''Biblaridion magazine'':] Revelation: Historic and interpretive investigation

+

*[https://www.biblaridion-online.net/zine-online/zine06q2/bibzine06q2_p5.html ''Biblaridion magazine'':] Revelation: Historic and interpretive investigation

−

*[~~http~~://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6160167 Cultural Impact of the Book of Revelation] -- September 2006 Interview

+

*[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6160167 Cultural Impact of the Book of Revelation] -- September 2006 Interview

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: Religion]]

Mywikis

Bureaucrats, Administrators

13,094

edits

Changes

The Book of Revelation (view source)

Revision as of 02:41, 13 December 2020

Navigation menu

Page actions

Page actions

Personal tools

Navigation

Tools

Search