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Line 14: − Periodic waves are characterized by crests (highs) and troughs (lows), and may usually be categorized as either longitudinal or transverse. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_wave Transverse waves] are those with vibrations perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of the wave; examples include waves on a string, and electromagnetic waves. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudinal_wave Longitudinal waves] are those with vibrations parallel to the direction of the propagation of the wave; examples include most sound waves.+ − − When an object bobs up and down on a ripple in a pond, it experiences an orbital trajectory because ripples are not simple transverse sinusoidal waves. − + + + Line 49:
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A '''wave''' is a disturbance that propagates through [[spacetime|space and time]], usually with transference of [[energy]]. A [[mechanical]] wave is a wave that propagates or travels through a [[medium]] due to the restoring [[force]]s it produces upon deformation. There also exist waves capable of traveling through a [[vacuum]], including electromagnetic radiation and probably[1] gravitational radiation. Waves travel and transfer energy from one point to another, often with no permanent displacement of the particles of the medium (that is, with little or no associated [[mass]] transport); they consist instead of oscillations or vibrations around almost fixed locations.
A '''wave''' is a disturbance that propagates through [[spacetime|space and time]], usually with transference of [[energy]]. A [[mechanical]] wave is a wave that propagates or travels through a [[medium]] due to the restoring [[force]]s it produces upon deformation. There also exist waves capable of traveling through a [[vacuum]], including electromagnetic radiation and probably[1] gravitational radiation. Waves travel and transfer energy from one point to another, often with no permanent displacement of the particles of the medium (that is, with little or no associated [[mass]] transport); they consist instead of oscillations or vibrations around almost fixed locations.
<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Waves''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Waves '''''this link'''''].</center>
==Definitions==
==Definitions==
Agreeing on a single, all-encompassing definition for the term wave is non-trivial. A [[vibration]] can be defined as a back-and-forth motion around a reference [[value]]. However, a vibration is not necessarily a wave. Defining the necessary and sufficient characteristics that qualify a [[phenomenon]] to be called a wave is, at least, flexible.
Agreeing on a single, all-encompassing definition for the term wave is non-trivial. A [[vibration]] can be defined as a back-and-forth motion around a reference [[value]]. However, a vibration is not necessarily a wave. Defining the necessary and sufficient characteristics that qualify a [[phenomenon]] to be called a wave is, at least, flexible.
Similarly, wave processes revealed from the study of waves different from that of sound waves can be significant to the understanding of [[sound]] [[phenomena]]. A relevant example is Thomas Young's principle of interference (Young, 1802, in Hunt 1992, p. 132). This principle was first introduced in Young's study of light and, within some specific [[contexts]] (for example, scattering of sound by sound), is still a researched area in the study of sound.
Similarly, wave processes revealed from the study of waves different from that of sound waves can be significant to the understanding of [[sound]] [[phenomena]]. A relevant example is Thomas Young's principle of interference (Young, 1802, in Hunt 1992, p. 132). This principle was first introduced in Young's study of light and, within some specific [[contexts]] (for example, scattering of sound by sound), is still a researched area in the study of sound.
==Characteristics==
==Characteristics==
[[File:Wave_motion-i18n-mod2b.jpg|right|frame| '''A''' = In deep water.<br /> '''B''' = In shallow water. The elliptical movement of a surface particle becomes flatter with decreasing depth.<br />
[[File:Wave_motion-i18n-mod.jpg|right|frame| '''A''' = In deep water.<br /> '''B''' = In shallow water. The elliptical movement of a surface particle becomes flatter with decreasing depth.<br />
'''1''' = Progression of wave <br />
'''1''' = Progression of wave <br />
'''2''' = Crest<br />
'''2''' = Crest<br />
'''3''' = Trough]]
'''3''' = Trough]]
Periodic waves are characterized by crests (highs) and troughs (lows), and may usually be categorized as either longitudinal or transverse. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_wave Transverse waves] are those with vibrations perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of the wave; examples include waves on a string, and electromagnetic waves. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudinal_wave Longitudinal waves] are those with vibrations parallel to the direction of the propagation of the wave; examples include most sound waves.
When an object bobs up and down on a ripple in a pond, it experiences an orbital trajectory because ripples are not simple transverse sinusoidal waves.
Ripples on the surface of a pond are actually a combination of transverse and longitudinal waves; therefore, the points on the surface follow orbital paths.
Ripples on the surface of a pond are actually a combination of transverse and longitudinal waves; therefore, the points on the surface follow orbital paths.
* French, A.P. (1971). Vibrations and Waves (M.I.T. Introductory physics series). Nelson Thornes. ISBN 0-393-09936-9. OCLC 163810889.
* French, A.P. (1971). Vibrations and Waves (M.I.T. Introductory physics series). Nelson Thornes. ISBN 0-393-09936-9. OCLC 163810889.
* Hall, D. E. (1980), Musical Acoustics: An Introduction, Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, ISBN 0534007589 .
* Hall, D. E. (1980), Musical Acoustics: An Introduction, Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, ISBN 0534007589 .
* Hunt, F. V. (1992) [1966], Origins in Acoustics, New York: Acoustical Society of America Press, http://asa.aip.org/publications.html#pub17 .
* Hunt, F. V. (1992) [1966], Origins in Acoustics, New York: Acoustical Society of America Press, https://asa.aip.org/publications.html#pub17 .
* Ostrovsky, L. A.; Potapov, A. S. (1999), Modulated Waves, Theory and Applications, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 0801858704 .
* Ostrovsky, L. A.; Potapov, A. S. (1999), Modulated Waves, Theory and Applications, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 0801858704 .
* Vassilakis, P.N. (2001). Perceptual and Physical Properties of Amplitude Fluctuation and their Musical Significance. Doctoral Dissertation. University of California, Los Angeles.
* Vassilakis, P.N. (2001). Perceptual and Physical Properties of Amplitude Fluctuation and their Musical Significance. Doctoral Dissertation. University of California, Los Angeles.