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...i/10th_Century 10th century]; a breakaway [[sect]], venerating the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim, formed the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druze Druze] religion,

...s tree built by Muslim inventors and engineers at the time.[3] The Abbasid Caliph Al-Muqtadir also had a golden tree in his palace in Baghdad in 915, with bi

From the ninth century onward, owing to [[Caliph]] al-Ma'mun and his successor, Greek philosophy was introduced among the Ar

...ham. Commander or Father of the Faithful: titles applied by Muslims to the Caliph.

From the [[ninth century]] onward, owing to [[Caliph]] [[al-Ma'mun]] and his successor, Greek philosophy was introduced among th

...[[Ideally]], however, it is for the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliph caliph] as head of the community (ummah) to suppress heretics (kāfirs) and innova

reputation gained him an invitation to work at the court of the caliph Abü Ya’qüb