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...ssance]] in the sixteenth century. It is defined partly by the [[process]] of rediscovering the ancient culture developed in Greece and Rome in the [[cla The [[history]] of medieval philosophy is traditionally divided into three main periods:

The [[quality]] or [[character]] of being '''objective'''; (in later use) esp. the ability to consider or repre ...than created. While such formulations capture the basic [[intuitive]] idea of objectivity, neither is without controversy.

The state of being existent. *Being; the fact or state of existing; ‘actual possession of being’ (J.). in existence: as predicate = ‘extant’.

...enis}{sigma}{giacu}{alpha} being, f. {olenis}{nu}{tau}-, stem of pr. pple. of {epsilon}{ilenisfrown}{nu}{alpha}{iota} to be. Cf. Pr. essentia, Sp. esenci ...WORTH Immut. Mor. (1731) 2 None of these things have in Nature any Essence of their own.[https://dictionary.oed.com]

...s [[Plato]] and [[Aristotle]], with the [[Theology|theological]] doctrines of [[Christianity]]. Christian philosophy originated during the [[Middle Ages] ...e hold that one cannot simultaneously be a philosopher and a true adherent of a [[Revelation|revealed religion]]. In this view, all attempts at synthesis

...ure (mathematics)|measurable]] [[evidence]] subject to specific principles of [[reasoning]], ...h [[observation]] and [[experiment]]ation, and the formulation and testing of [[hypothesis|hypotheses]].

...between freedom and [[Causality|cause]], and determining whether the laws of nature are causally deterministic. The various [[Philosophy|philosophical] ...]]. The question of free will has been a central issue since the beginning of philosophical thought.

...ities]], or the explicit view that there are no deities. On the definition of atheism: [https://www.investigatingatheism.info/definition.html] ...d [[naturalism]], but, as for theists, there is no one [[ideology]] or set of [[behavior]]s to which all atheists adhere. Some [[religion]]s, such as Jai