https://nordan.daynal.org/w/index.php?title=Action&feed=atom&action=historyAction - Revision history2024-03-29T08:19:29ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.0https://nordan.daynal.org/w/index.php?title=Action&diff=128805&oldid=prevMywikis: Text replacement - "http://" to "https://"2020-12-13T03:32:42Z<p>Text replacement - "http://" to "https://"</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:32, 13 December 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l5" >Line 5:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For example, throwing a ball is an instance of action; it involves an [[intention]], a goal, and a [[bodily]] [[motion|movement]] guided by the agent. On the other hand, catching a cold is not considered an action because it is something which happens to a [[person]], not something done by one. Generally an agent doesn't intend to catch a cold or engage in bodily movement to do so (though we might be able to conceive of such a case). Other events are less clearly defined as actions or not. For instance, distractedly drumming ones fingers on the table seems to fall somewhere in the middle. Deciding to do something might be considered a mental action by some. However, some think it is not an action unless the decision is carried out. Unsuccessfully trying to do something might also not be considered an action for similar reasons (for e.g. lack of bodily movement). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For example, throwing a ball is an instance of action; it involves an [[intention]], a goal, and a [[bodily]] [[motion|movement]] guided by the agent. On the other hand, catching a cold is not considered an action because it is something which happens to a [[person]], not something done by one. Generally an agent doesn't intend to catch a cold or engage in bodily movement to do so (though we might be able to conceive of such a case). Other events are less clearly defined as actions or not. For instance, distractedly drumming ones fingers on the table seems to fall somewhere in the middle. Deciding to do something might be considered a mental action by some. However, some think it is not an action unless the decision is carried out. Unsuccessfully trying to do something might also not be considered an action for similar reasons (for e.g. lack of bodily movement). </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Action''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Action this link].</center></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Action''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Action this link].</center></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is contentious whether believing, intending, and thinking are actions since they are mental events. Some would prefer to define actions as requiring bodily movement (see [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http</del>://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism behaviorism]). The side-effects of actions are considered by some to be part of the action; in an example from [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http</del>://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._E._M._Anscombe Anscombe]'s manuscript Intention, pumping water can also be an instance of [[poison]]ing the inhabitants. This introduces a [[moral]] [[dimension]] to the discussion (see also [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http</del>://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency Moral agency]). If the poisoned water resulted in a death, that death might be considered part of the action of the agent that pumped the water. Whether a side-effect is considered part of an action is especially unclear in cases in which the agent isn't aware of the possible side effects. For example, an agent that accidentally cures a [[person]] by administering a poison he was intending to kill him with.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is contentious whether believing, intending, and thinking are actions since they are mental events. Some would prefer to define actions as requiring bodily movement (see [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism behaviorism]). The side-effects of actions are considered by some to be part of the action; in an example from [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._E._M._Anscombe Anscombe]'s manuscript Intention, pumping water can also be an instance of [[poison]]ing the inhabitants. This introduces a [[moral]] [[dimension]] to the discussion (see also [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency Moral agency]). If the poisoned water resulted in a death, that death might be considered part of the action of the agent that pumped the water. Whether a side-effect is considered part of an action is especially unclear in cases in which the agent isn't aware of the possible side effects. For example, an agent that accidentally cures a [[person]] by administering a poison he was intending to kill him with.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A primary concern of philosophy of action is to [[analyze]] the [[nature]] of actions and distinguish them from similar [[phenomena]]. Other concerns include individuating actions, explaining the relationship between actions and their effects, explaining how an action is related to the [[belief]]s and [[desires]] which cause and/or justify it (see [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http</del>://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Practical_reason practical reason]), as well as examining the nature of agency. A primary concern is the nature of [[free will]] and whether actions are determined by the mental [[state]]s that precede them (see [[determinism]]). Some philosophers (e.g. [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http</del>://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Davidson_(philosopher) Donald Davidson]) have argued that the mental states the agent invokes as justifying his action are [[physical]] states that cause the action. Problems have been raised for this view because the mental states seem to be reduce to mere physical causes. Their mental properties don't seem to be doing any work. If the reasons an agent cites as justifying his action, however, are not the cause of the action, they must explain the action in some other way or be causally impotent.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A primary concern of philosophy of action is to [[analyze]] the [[nature]] of actions and distinguish them from similar [[phenomena]]. Other concerns include individuating actions, explaining the relationship between actions and their effects, explaining how an action is related to the [[belief]]s and [[desires]] which cause and/or justify it (see [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Practical_reason practical reason]), as well as examining the nature of agency. A primary concern is the nature of [[free will]] and whether actions are determined by the mental [[state]]s that precede them (see [[determinism]]). Some philosophers (e.g. [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Davidson_(philosopher) Donald Davidson]) have argued that the mental states the agent invokes as justifying his action are [[physical]] states that cause the action. Problems have been raised for this view because the mental states seem to be reduce to mere physical causes. Their mental properties don't seem to be doing any work. If the reasons an agent cites as justifying his action, however, are not the cause of the action, they must explain the action in some other way or be causally impotent.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Quote==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Quote==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External Link==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External Link==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http</del>://plato.stanford.edu/entries/action Article on Action in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy written by George Wilson]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>://plato.stanford.edu/entries/action Article on Action in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy written by George Wilson]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category: Philosophy]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category: Philosophy]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Mywikishttps://nordan.daynal.org/w/index.php?title=Action&diff=123444&oldid=prevMywikis: Text replacement - "http://nordan.daynal.org" to "https://nordan.daynal.org"2020-12-13T02:11:17Z<p>Text replacement - "http://nordan.daynal.org" to "https://nordan.daynal.org"</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 02:11, 13 December 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l4" >Line 4:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For example, throwing a ball is an instance of action; it involves an [[intention]], a goal, and a [[bodily]] [[motion|movement]] guided by the agent. On the other hand, catching a cold is not considered an action because it is something which happens to a [[person]], not something done by one. Generally an agent doesn't intend to catch a cold or engage in bodily movement to do so (though we might be able to conceive of such a case). Other events are less clearly defined as actions or not. For instance, distractedly drumming ones fingers on the table seems to fall somewhere in the middle. Deciding to do something might be considered a mental action by some. However, some think it is not an action unless the decision is carried out. Unsuccessfully trying to do something might also not be considered an action for similar reasons (for e.g. lack of bodily movement). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For example, throwing a ball is an instance of action; it involves an [[intention]], a goal, and a [[bodily]] [[motion|movement]] guided by the agent. On the other hand, catching a cold is not considered an action because it is something which happens to a [[person]], not something done by one. Generally an agent doesn't intend to catch a cold or engage in bodily movement to do so (though we might be able to conceive of such a case). Other events are less clearly defined as actions or not. For instance, distractedly drumming ones fingers on the table seems to fall somewhere in the middle. Deciding to do something might be considered a mental action by some. However, some think it is not an action unless the decision is carried out. Unsuccessfully trying to do something might also not be considered an action for similar reasons (for e.g. lack of bodily movement). </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Action''''', follow [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http</del>://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Action this link].</center></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Action''''', follow [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Action this link].</center></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is contentious whether believing, intending, and thinking are actions since they are mental events. Some would prefer to define actions as requiring bodily movement (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism behaviorism]). The side-effects of actions are considered by some to be part of the action; in an example from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._E._M._Anscombe Anscombe]'s manuscript Intention, pumping water can also be an instance of [[poison]]ing the inhabitants. This introduces a [[moral]] [[dimension]] to the discussion (see also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency Moral agency]). If the poisoned water resulted in a death, that death might be considered part of the action of the agent that pumped the water. Whether a side-effect is considered part of an action is especially unclear in cases in which the agent isn't aware of the possible side effects. For example, an agent that accidentally cures a [[person]] by administering a poison he was intending to kill him with.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is contentious whether believing, intending, and thinking are actions since they are mental events. Some would prefer to define actions as requiring bodily movement (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism behaviorism]). The side-effects of actions are considered by some to be part of the action; in an example from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._E._M._Anscombe Anscombe]'s manuscript Intention, pumping water can also be an instance of [[poison]]ing the inhabitants. This introduces a [[moral]] [[dimension]] to the discussion (see also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency Moral agency]). If the poisoned water resulted in a death, that death might be considered part of the action of the agent that pumped the water. Whether a side-effect is considered part of an action is especially unclear in cases in which the agent isn't aware of the possible side effects. For example, an agent that accidentally cures a [[person]] by administering a poison he was intending to kill him with.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Quote==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Quote==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The [[weak]] indulge in [[resolution]]s, but the [[strong]] [[act]]. Life is but a day's [[work]]—do it well. The [[act]] is ours; the [[consequences]] [[God]]'s. [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http</del>://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=48:7_Morontia_Mota '''''(48:7.13)''''']</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The [[weak]] indulge in [[resolution]]s, but the [[strong]] [[act]]. Life is but a day's [[work]]—do it well. The [[act]] is ours; the [[consequences]] [[God]]'s. [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=48:7_Morontia_Mota '''''(48:7.13)''''']</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External Link==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External Link==</div></td></tr>
</table>Mywikishttps://nordan.daynal.org/w/index.php?title=Action&diff=90600&oldid=prevRdavis: /* External Link */2011-11-30T01:30:17Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">External Link</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:30, 30 November 2011</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A primary concern of philosophy of action is to [[analyze]] the [[nature]] of actions and distinguish them from similar [[phenomena]]. Other concerns include individuating actions, explaining the relationship between actions and their effects, explaining how an action is related to the [[belief]]s and [[desires]] which cause and/or justify it (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Practical_reason practical reason]), as well as examining the nature of agency. A primary concern is the nature of [[free will]] and whether actions are determined by the mental [[state]]s that precede them (see [[determinism]]). Some philosophers (e.g. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Davidson_(philosopher) Donald Davidson]) have argued that the mental states the agent invokes as justifying his action are [[physical]] states that cause the action. Problems have been raised for this view because the mental states seem to be reduce to mere physical causes. Their mental properties don't seem to be doing any work. If the reasons an agent cites as justifying his action, however, are not the cause of the action, they must explain the action in some other way or be causally impotent.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A primary concern of philosophy of action is to [[analyze]] the [[nature]] of actions and distinguish them from similar [[phenomena]]. Other concerns include individuating actions, explaining the relationship between actions and their effects, explaining how an action is related to the [[belief]]s and [[desires]] which cause and/or justify it (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Practical_reason practical reason]), as well as examining the nature of agency. A primary concern is the nature of [[free will]] and whether actions are determined by the mental [[state]]s that precede them (see [[determinism]]). Some philosophers (e.g. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Davidson_(philosopher) Donald Davidson]) have argued that the mental states the agent invokes as justifying his action are [[physical]] states that cause the action. Problems have been raised for this view because the mental states seem to be reduce to mere physical causes. Their mental properties don't seem to be doing any work. If the reasons an agent cites as justifying his action, however, are not the cause of the action, they must explain the action in some other way or be causally impotent.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Quote==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The [[weak]] indulge in [[resolution]]s, but the [[strong]] [[act]]. Life is but a day's [[work]]—do it well. The [[act]] is ours; the [[consequences]] [[God]]'s. [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=48:7_Morontia_Mota '''''(48:7.13)''''']</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External Link==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External Link==</div></td></tr>
</table>Rdavishttps://nordan.daynal.org/w/index.php?title=Action&diff=40551&oldid=prevRdavis at 21:34, 8 November 20092009-11-08T21:34:02Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For example, throwing a ball is an instance of action; it involves an [[intention]], a goal, and a [[bodily]] [[motion|movement]] guided by the agent. On the other hand, catching a cold is not considered an action because it is something which happens to a [[person]], not something done by one. Generally an agent doesn't intend to catch a cold or engage in bodily movement to do so (though we might be able to conceive of such a case). Other events are less clearly defined as actions or not. For instance, distractedly drumming ones fingers on the table seems to fall somewhere in the middle. Deciding to do something might be considered a mental action by some. However, some think it is not an action unless the decision is carried out. Unsuccessfully trying to do something might also not be considered an action for similar reasons (for e.g. lack of bodily movement). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For example, throwing a ball is an instance of action; it involves an [[intention]], a goal, and a [[bodily]] [[motion|movement]] guided by the agent. On the other hand, catching a cold is not considered an action because it is something which happens to a [[person]], not something done by one. Generally an agent doesn't intend to catch a cold or engage in bodily movement to do so (though we might be able to conceive of such a case). Other events are less clearly defined as actions or not. For instance, distractedly drumming ones fingers on the table seems to fall somewhere in the middle. Deciding to do something might be considered a mental action by some. However, some think it is not an action unless the decision is carried out. Unsuccessfully trying to do something might also not be considered an action for similar reasons (for e.g. lack of bodily movement). </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Action''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Action this link].</center></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is contentious whether believing, intending, and thinking are actions since they are mental events. Some would prefer to define actions as requiring bodily movement (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism behaviorism]). The side-effects of actions are considered by some to be part of the action; in an example from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._E._M._Anscombe Anscombe]'s manuscript Intention, pumping water can also be an instance of [[poison]]ing the inhabitants. This introduces a [[moral]] [[dimension]] to the discussion (see also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency Moral agency]). If the poisoned water resulted in a death, that death might be considered part of the action of the agent that pumped the water. Whether a side-effect is considered part of an action is especially unclear in cases in which the agent isn't aware of the possible side effects. For example, an agent that accidentally cures a [[person]] by administering a poison he was intending to kill him with.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is contentious whether believing, intending, and thinking are actions since they are mental events. Some would prefer to define actions as requiring bodily movement (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism behaviorism]). The side-effects of actions are considered by some to be part of the action; in an example from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._E._M._Anscombe Anscombe]'s manuscript Intention, pumping water can also be an instance of [[poison]]ing the inhabitants. This introduces a [[moral]] [[dimension]] to the discussion (see also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency Moral agency]). If the poisoned water resulted in a death, that death might be considered part of the action of the agent that pumped the water. Whether a side-effect is considered part of an action is especially unclear in cases in which the agent isn't aware of the possible side effects. For example, an agent that accidentally cures a [[person]] by administering a poison he was intending to kill him with.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Rdavishttps://nordan.daynal.org/w/index.php?title=Action&diff=32517&oldid=prevRdavis at 23:59, 31 July 20092009-07-31T23:59:21Z<p></p>
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</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Glass_scupture_desiree_hope.jpg|right|frame]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Glass_scupture_desiree_hope.jpg|right|frame]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Action''' is what any agent can <u>do</u>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Action''' is what any <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>agent<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>can <u>do</u>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For example, throwing a ball is an instance of action; it involves an [[intention]], a goal, and a [[bodily]] [[motion|movement]] guided by the agent. On the other hand, catching a cold is not considered an action because it is something which happens to a [[person]], not something done by one. Generally an agent doesn't intend to catch a cold or engage in bodily movement to do so (though we might be able to conceive of such a case). Other events are less clearly defined as actions or not. For instance, distractedly drumming ones fingers on the table seems to fall somewhere in the middle. Deciding to do something might be considered a mental action by some. However, some think it is not an action unless the decision is carried out. Unsuccessfully trying to do something might also not be considered an action for similar reasons (for e.g. lack of bodily movement). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For example, throwing a ball is an instance of action; it involves an [[intention]], a goal, and a [[bodily]] [[motion|movement]] guided by the agent. On the other hand, catching a cold is not considered an action because it is something which happens to a [[person]], not something done by one. Generally an agent doesn't intend to catch a cold or engage in bodily movement to do so (though we might be able to conceive of such a case). Other events are less clearly defined as actions or not. For instance, distractedly drumming ones fingers on the table seems to fall somewhere in the middle. Deciding to do something might be considered a mental action by some. However, some think it is not an action unless the decision is carried out. Unsuccessfully trying to do something might also not be considered an action for similar reasons (for e.g. lack of bodily movement). </div></td></tr>
</table>Rdavishttps://nordan.daynal.org/w/index.php?title=Action&diff=32196&oldid=prevRdavis: /* External Link */2009-07-29T18:18:59Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">External Link</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External Link==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External Link==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/action Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy by George Wilson]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/action <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Article on Action in </ins>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">written </ins>by George Wilson]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
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</table>Rdavishttps://nordan.daynal.org/w/index.php?title=Action&diff=32195&oldid=prevRdavis at 18:18, 29 July 20092009-07-29T18:18:26Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:lighterstill.jpg]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:lighterstill.jpg<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]][[File:Glass_scupture_desiree_hope.jpg|right|frame</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Action''' is what any agent can <u>do</u>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Action''' is what any agent can <u>do</u>.</div></td></tr>
</table>Rdavishttps://nordan.daynal.org/w/index.php?title=Action&diff=32191&oldid=prevRdavis: Created page with 'File:lighterstill.jpg '''Action''' is what any agent can <u>do</u>. For example, throwing a ball is an instance of action; it involves an intention, a goal, and a [[bod...'2009-07-29T18:15:03Z<p>Created page with '<a href="/wiki/File:Lighterstill.jpg" title="File:Lighterstill.jpg">File:lighterstill.jpg</a> '''Action''' is what any agent can <u>do</u>. For example, throwing a ball is an instance of action; it involves an <a href="/wiki/Intention" title="Intention">intention</a>, a goal, and a [[bod...'</p>
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'''Action''' is what any agent can <u>do</u>.<br />
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For example, throwing a ball is an instance of action; it involves an [[intention]], a goal, and a [[bodily]] [[motion|movement]] guided by the agent. On the other hand, catching a cold is not considered an action because it is something which happens to a [[person]], not something done by one. Generally an agent doesn't intend to catch a cold or engage in bodily movement to do so (though we might be able to conceive of such a case). Other events are less clearly defined as actions or not. For instance, distractedly drumming ones fingers on the table seems to fall somewhere in the middle. Deciding to do something might be considered a mental action by some. However, some think it is not an action unless the decision is carried out. Unsuccessfully trying to do something might also not be considered an action for similar reasons (for e.g. lack of bodily movement). <br />
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It is contentious whether believing, intending, and thinking are actions since they are mental events. Some would prefer to define actions as requiring bodily movement (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism behaviorism]). The side-effects of actions are considered by some to be part of the action; in an example from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._E._M._Anscombe Anscombe]'s manuscript Intention, pumping water can also be an instance of [[poison]]ing the inhabitants. This introduces a [[moral]] [[dimension]] to the discussion (see also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency Moral agency]). If the poisoned water resulted in a death, that death might be considered part of the action of the agent that pumped the water. Whether a side-effect is considered part of an action is especially unclear in cases in which the agent isn't aware of the possible side effects. For example, an agent that accidentally cures a [[person]] by administering a poison he was intending to kill him with.<br />
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A primary concern of philosophy of action is to [[analyze]] the [[nature]] of actions and distinguish them from similar [[phenomena]]. Other concerns include individuating actions, explaining the relationship between actions and their effects, explaining how an action is related to the [[belief]]s and [[desires]] which cause and/or justify it (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Practical_reason practical reason]), as well as examining the nature of agency. A primary concern is the nature of [[free will]] and whether actions are determined by the mental [[state]]s that precede them (see [[determinism]]). Some philosophers (e.g. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Davidson_(philosopher) Donald Davidson]) have argued that the mental states the agent invokes as justifying his action are [[physical]] states that cause the action. Problems have been raised for this view because the mental states seem to be reduce to mere physical causes. Their mental properties don't seem to be doing any work. If the reasons an agent cites as justifying his action, however, are not the cause of the action, they must explain the action in some other way or be causally impotent.<br />
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==External Link==<br />
[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/action Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy by George Wilson]<br />
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[[Category: Philosophy]]</div>Rdavis