Line 3: |
Line 3: |
| ==Origin== | | ==Origin== |
| [[Latin]] ''castratus'', past participle of ''castrare''; akin to [[Greek]] ''keazein'' to split, [[Sanskrit]] ''śasati'' he slaughters | | [[Latin]] ''castratus'', past participle of ''castrare''; akin to [[Greek]] ''keazein'' to split, [[Sanskrit]] ''śasati'' he slaughters |
− | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1554] | + | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1554] |
| ==Definition== | | ==Definition== |
| *1 : to render [[impotent]] or deprive of [[vitality]] especially by [[psychological]] means | | *1 : to render [[impotent]] or deprive of [[vitality]] especially by [[psychological]] means |
− | *2 a : to deprive of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testes testes] : ''geld'' | + | *2 a : to deprive of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testes testes] : ''geld'' |
− | :b : to deprive of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ovary ovaries] : ''spay'' | + | :b : to deprive of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ovary ovaries] : ''spay'' |
| ==Description== | | ==Description== |
− | '''Castration''' (also known as ''gonadectomy'') is any [[action]], surgical, chemical, or otherwise, by which an [[individual]] loses use of the testicles. Surgical castration is bilateral ''orchiectomy'' (excision of both [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testes testes]), and chemical castration uses pharmaceutical [[drugs]] to deactivate the testes. Castration causes [[sterilization]] (preventing the castrated person from reproducing); it also greatly reduces the production of certain [[hormones]], such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone testosterone]. Surgical castration in [[animals]] is often called neutering. The term "castration" is sometimes also used to refer to the removal of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovary ovaries] in the [[female]], otherwise known as an ''oophorectomy'' or, in animals, spaying. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen Estrogen] levels drop precipitously following oophorectomy, and long-term effects of the reduction of [[sex]] hormones are significant throughout the [[body]]. | + | '''Castration''' (also known as ''gonadectomy'') is any [[action]], surgical, chemical, or otherwise, by which an [[individual]] loses use of the testicles. Surgical castration is bilateral ''orchiectomy'' (excision of both [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testes testes]), and chemical castration uses pharmaceutical [[drugs]] to deactivate the testes. Castration causes [[sterilization]] (preventing the castrated person from reproducing); it also greatly reduces the production of certain [[hormones]], such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone testosterone]. Surgical castration in [[animals]] is often called neutering. The term "castration" is sometimes also used to refer to the removal of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovary ovaries] in the [[female]], otherwise known as an ''oophorectomy'' or, in animals, spaying. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen Estrogen] levels drop precipitously following oophorectomy, and long-term effects of the reduction of [[sex]] hormones are significant throughout the [[body]]. |
| | | |
| Castration of non-human animals is intended to favor a desired [[development]] of the animal or of its [[habits]], as an anaphrodisiac or to prevent overpopulation. | | Castration of non-human animals is intended to favor a desired [[development]] of the animal or of its [[habits]], as an anaphrodisiac or to prevent overpopulation. |
Line 15: |
Line 15: |
| "Voluntary" chemical or surgical castration has been in [[practice]] in many countries—reports are available from American and European countries in particular for over eighty years (chemical for circa thirty)—as an [[option]] for treatment for people who have broken [[laws]] of a sexual nature, allowing them to return to the [[community]] from otherwise lengthy detentions. The effectiveness and [[ethics]] of this treatment are heavily debated. | | "Voluntary" chemical or surgical castration has been in [[practice]] in many countries—reports are available from American and European countries in particular for over eighty years (chemical for circa thirty)—as an [[option]] for treatment for people who have broken [[laws]] of a sexual nature, allowing them to return to the [[community]] from otherwise lengthy detentions. The effectiveness and [[ethics]] of this treatment are heavily debated. |
| | | |
− | A temporary "chemical castration" has been studied and developed as a preventive measure and [[punishment]] for several repeated sex [[crimes]], such as [[rape]] or other sexually related [[violence]]. This has also been used to punish [[homosexuality]], such as the punishment suffered by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing Alan Turing]. | + | A temporary "chemical castration" has been studied and developed as a preventive measure and [[punishment]] for several repeated sex [[crimes]], such as [[rape]] or other sexually related [[violence]]. This has also been used to punish [[homosexuality]], such as the punishment suffered by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing Alan Turing]. |
| | | |
| [[Category: Law]] | | [[Category: Law]] |