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| [[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Vitruvian_man_2.jpg|right]] | | [[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Vitruvian_man_2.jpg|right]] |
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− | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1832] | + | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1832] |
| ==Definitions== | | ==Definitions== |
| *1a : [[devotion]] to the [[humanities]] : literary [[culture]] | | *1a : [[devotion]] to the [[humanities]] : literary [[culture]] |
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| '''Humanism''' is an approach in [[study]], [[philosophy]], or [[practice]] that [[focuses]] on [[human]] [[values]] and concerns. The term can mean several things, for example: | | '''Humanism''' is an approach in [[study]], [[philosophy]], or [[practice]] that [[focuses]] on [[human]] [[values]] and concerns. The term can mean several things, for example: |
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− | *1. A historical [[movement]] associated especially with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Renaissance Italian Renaissance]. | + | *1. A historical [[movement]] associated especially with the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Renaissance Italian Renaissance]. |
| *2. An approach to [[education]] that uses literary means or a focus on the [[humanities]] to inform [[students]]. | | *2. An approach to [[education]] that uses literary means or a focus on the [[humanities]] to inform [[students]]. |
| *3. A variety of [[perspectives]] in [[philosophy]] and [[social science]] which affirm some notion of 'human nature' (by contrast with anti-humanism). | | *3. A variety of [[perspectives]] in [[philosophy]] and [[social science]] which affirm some notion of 'human nature' (by contrast with anti-humanism). |
| *4. A [[secular]] [[ideology]] which espouses [[reason]], [[ethics]], and [[justice]], whilst specifically rejecting [[supernatural]] and religious [[dogma]] as a basis of [[morality]] and [[decision]]-making. | | *4. A [[secular]] [[ideology]] which espouses [[reason]], [[ethics]], and [[justice]], whilst specifically rejecting [[supernatural]] and religious [[dogma]] as a basis of [[morality]] and [[decision]]-making. |
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− | The latter [[interpretation]] may be attributed to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secular_humanism Secular Humanism] as a specific humanistic life stance. [[Modern]] [[meanings]] of the word have therefore come to be associated with a rejection of appeals to the [[supernatural]] or to some higher [[authority]]. This [[interpretation]] may be directly contrasted with other prominent uses of the term in [[traditional]] religious circles. Humanism of this strand arose from a trajectory extending from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deism deism] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-clericalism anti-clericalism] of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment Enlightenment], the various secular movements of the 19th century (such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positivism positivism]), and the overarching expansion of the scientific project.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanism] | + | The latter [[interpretation]] may be attributed to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secular_humanism Secular Humanism] as a specific humanistic life stance. [[Modern]] [[meanings]] of the word have therefore come to be associated with a rejection of appeals to the [[supernatural]] or to some higher [[authority]]. This [[interpretation]] may be directly contrasted with other prominent uses of the term in [[traditional]] religious circles. Humanism of this strand arose from a trajectory extending from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deism deism] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-clericalism anti-clericalism] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment Enlightenment], the various secular movements of the 19th century (such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positivism positivism]), and the overarching expansion of the scientific project.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanism] |
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| [[Category: Philosophy]] | | [[Category: Philosophy]] |