Changes

'''Genetic engineering''', recombinant [[DNA]] [[technology]], genetic modification/manipulation (GM) and gene splicing are terms that apply to the direct manipulation of an [[organism]]'s genes.[1] Genetic engineering is different from [[tradition]]al breeding, where the organism's genes are manipulated indirectly. Genetic engineering uses the [[technique]]s of molecular cloning and transformation to alter the [[structure]] and characteristics of genes directly. Genetic engineering techniques have found some successes in numerous applications. Some examples are in improving crop technology, the manufacture of synthetic human insulin through the use of modified bacteria, the manufacture of erythropoietin in hamster ovary cells, and the production of new types of [[experiment]]al mice such as the oncomouse (cancer mouse) for [[research]].

'''Genetic engineering''', recombinant [[DNA]] [[technology]], genetic modification/manipulation (GM) and gene splicing are terms that apply to the direct manipulation of an [[organism]]'s genes.[1] Genetic engineering is different from [[tradition]]al breeding, where the organism's genes are manipulated indirectly. Genetic engineering uses the [[technique]]s of molecular cloning and transformation to alter the [[structure]] and characteristics of genes directly. Genetic engineering techniques have found some successes in numerous applications. Some examples are in improving crop technology, the manufacture of synthetic human insulin through the use of modified bacteria, the manufacture of erythropoietin in hamster ovary cells, and the production of new types of [[experiment]]al mice such as the oncomouse (cancer mouse) for [[research]].

The term "genetic engineering" was coined in Jack Williamson's science fiction novel Dragon's Island, published in 1951, [2] two years before James Watson and Francis Crick showed that DNA could be the medium of transmission of genetic information.

The term "genetic engineering" was coined in Jack Williamson's science fiction novel Dragon's Island, published in 1951, [2] two years before James Watson and Francis Crick showed that DNA could be the medium of transmission of genetic information.

==Engineering==

==Engineering==

There are a number of ways through which genetic engineering is accomplished. Essentially, the [[process]] has five main steps

There are a number of ways through which genetic engineering is accomplished. Essentially, the [[process]] has five main steps