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Created page with 'File:lighterstill.jpgright|frame '''Ashtar''' is the name of a purported extraterrestrial being, who was first claimed to be channeled by ear...'
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'''Ashtar''' is the name of a purported [[extraterrestrial]] [[being]], who was first claimed to be [[channeled]] by early [[UFO]] contactee [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Van_Tassel George Van Tassel], on 18 July 1952.
<center>For lessons received from '''Ashtar''', follow [http://www.thenewearth.org/AshtarTribute.html this link].</center.>
==Van Tassel==
Although the [[method]] of [[communication]] resembled what is commonly referred to as "[[channeling]]",[1] Van Tassel claimed to have established a new form of [[telepathic]] communication with [[extraterrestrial]] [[intelligences]][2] utilizing a method which included both natural human abilities and the use of an allegedly advanced form of alien [[technology]], rather than the more traditionally "religious" non-technological [[spiritual]] medium based approach taken by many other early channelers of the era. Van Tassel maintained that the method he utilized was not a "[[paranormal]]" or "[[metaphysical]]" activity, but rather an example of the [[application]] of an allegedly advanced extraterrestrial science, that anyone could implement with the proper [[training]].[1]

Residing near a large boulder, situated in the desert of southern California called Giant Rock, in a [[UFO]] [[focused]] [[community]] he founded in 1947, the earliest messages Van Tassel claimed to have received from Ashtar were first presented to the [[public]] at an annual event called the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UFO_convention Giant Rock Spacecraft Convention], which he himself organized. Van Tassel's early purported messages from Ashtar contained a great deal of [[apocalyptic]] [[material]], which focused on concerns regarding the [[development]] and soon to be tested [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_bomb hydrogen bomb].[3] Van Tassel also claimed that Ashtar had provided specific messages that he was [[expected]] to pass on to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States U.S. federal government] regarding the potential [[negative]] impacts of the proposed upcoming bomb tests.[4]
==Ashtar Command==
As the weekly [[channeling]] sessions at Giant Rock continued through the early 1950s, the Ashtar messages became much more elaborate and began to provide details of the purported [[existence]] of an extraterrestrial "[[government]]", which claimed to closely monitor activities on [[earth]] and offered [[material]] and [[spiritual]] [[support]] to its [[citizens]]. This concept of an '''Ashtar Command''', was appropriated for use by a number of prominent early [[channelers]], both inside and outside the Giant Rock community, and was soon being utilized by several in the [[context]] of their own personal claimed messages from Ashtar, along with the use of the figure of Ashtar himself, originally developed by Van Tassel.[5]

By 1955, a few well known channelers of the era, including Elouise Moeller, had incorporated the [[concept]] of an Ashtar Command and related [[ideas]], as key components of their own developing [[systems]]. Several channelers, including Van Tassel himself, began publishing accounts which described predictions of the imminent arrival of an Ashtar-led [[UFO]] armada on [[earth]], in order to guide and protect [[mankind]]. The public failure of these predictions had an enormous negative effect on the expansion of the Ashtar Command '[[movement]]'. Without Van Tassel's role as a single [[authority]] constituting the sole source of messages from Ashtar, the movement became less cohesive and began to splinter from internal pressures. Several dozen channelers were [[simultaneously]] claiming to be obtaining, in some cases, competing [[authoritative]] messages directly from Ashtar. The overall movement began to wane in [[relative]] popularity because of infighting.[6]
==Tuella==
After decreasing in popularity within the [[New Age]] [[community]] for a period of roughly twenty years, the concept of an Ashtar Command was revitalized by a channeler named [[Thelma B. Terrill]], (best known as "''Tuella''") who channeled messages and wrote a series of [[books]] on the subject in the 1970s and 1980s.[7] Her work shifted the [[focus]] from Van Tassel's [[extraterrestrial]] [[technological]] [[model]], to a more '[[Spiritual|spiritualized]]' approach. Tuella's version of the Ashtar [[narrative]] tended to play down the [[necessity]] of the direct involvement of [[UFO]]s in [[human]] affairs, with the shift of importance being laid onto purely interior [[spiritual]] [[development]] as a means of reaching "higher [[dimensions]]" and receiving the assistance of Ashtar Command. Despite Tuella's [[influences]], several channelers maintained a separate more UFO-based [[cosmology]], which insisted on the importance of messages from Ashtar containing [[predictions]] of the imminent [[catastrophism|destruction]] of [[earth]], and the need for a [[literal]] [[physical]] evacuation of the [[planet]], with the assistance of the spacecraft of Ashtar Command. By the 1990s the movement began to splinter into factions once again.[8]
==Yvonne Cole==
One [[individual]], named [[Yvonne Cole]], who claimed to be channeling Ashtar messages from 1986, predicted the destruction of all [[earth]] [[civilization]]s and the arrival on the planet of various alien [[cultures]] in 1994. Cole claimed that [[governments]] were working with extraterrestrials to prepare for contact.[9][10] These prophecies furthered the continued fracturing and disappointment within the movement when they failed to occur.[11]
==Developments after the mid-1990s==
Despite these failures, by the mid-1990's, and continuing to the present,[2] several of these channeling [[groups]] began to utilize the [[Internet]] in order to promulgate their [[beliefs]] and to attempt to [[encourage]] a movement toward unifying the movement and establishing a single '[[authoritative]]' source for all Ashtar messages. Individual channelers espousing messages which differed and continued to [[focus]] on themes such as the destruction of earth, were declared invalid. It was claimed that channelers who had avowed such messages in the past and continued to do so, had in [[fact]] been deceived by spiritual forces who opposed Ashtar's benevolent [[intentions]]. Most significantly of all, the new more unified movement declared that in future no new channeled messages from Ashtar would be accepted as valid unless they complied with [[criteria]] established by the recently formed and authoritative core group. The criteria consisted of a set of twelve "guidelines", which it was claimed established a baseline of 'orthodoxy' for the movement.[12]
==Footnotes==
# Partridge (2003), p. 163.
# Denzler (2001), p. 46.
# Lewis 2003, pgs. 422-423.
# Partridge (2003), p. 163-165.
# Partridge (2003), pgs. 168-170.
# Partridge (2003), pg. 170.
# Wojcik (1997), pgs. 186-187.
# Partridge (2003), pgs. 170-173.
# Reece, Gregory L. (2007), UFO Religion: Inside Flying Saucer Cults and Culture, I. B. Tauris, p. 138, ISBN 9781845114510, http://books.google.com/books?id=_r4nAAAAYAAJ
# Cole, Yvonne (1994). Connecting Link Magazine 23: 12-13.
# Partridge (2003), pg. 173.
# Partridge (2003), pgs. 173-174.
==References==
* Denzler, Brenda (2001), The lure of the edge, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 9780520224322, http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46836738
* Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2003), UFO Religions, Routledge, ISBN 9780415263245, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zHT8CeeiWlIC Chapter 8 From Extraterrestrials To Ultraterrestrials: The Evolution of the Concept of Ashtar; by Christopher Helland pgs.162-178
* Lewis, James R (2004), The Oxford handbook of new religious movements, Oxford, ISBN 9780195149869, http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59290339
* Wójcik, Daniel (1997), The end of the world as we know it, New York University Press, ISBN 9780814792834

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