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==60:1. THE EARLY REPTILIAN AGE==   

==60:1. THE EARLY REPTILIAN AGE==   

60:1.1 The erosion deposits of this period were mostly conglomerates, shale, and sandstone. The gypsum and red layers throughout these sedimentations over both America and Europe indicate that the climate of these continents was arid. These arid districts were subjected to great erosion from the violent and periodic cloudbursts on the surrounding highlands.

60:1.1 The [[erosion]] deposits of this period were mostly conglomerates, shale, and sandstone. The gypsum and red layers throughout these sedimentations over both America and Europe indicate that the [[climate]] of these [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continents] was arid. These arid districts were subjected to great erosion from the [[violent]] and periodic cloudbursts on the surrounding highlands.

60:1.2 Few fossils are to be found in these layers, but numerous sandstone footprints of the land reptiles may be observed. In many regions the one thousand feet of red sandstone deposit of this period contains no fossils. The life of land animals was continuous only in certain parts of Africa.

60:1.2 Few [[fossils]] are to be found in these layers, but numerous sandstone footprints of the [[land]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptiles reptiles] may be [[observed]]. In many regions the one thousand feet of red sandstone deposit of this period contains no [[fossils]]. The life of [[land]] [[animals]] was [[continuous]] only in certain parts of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa#Paleohistory Africa].

60:1.3 These deposits vary in thickness from 3,000 to 10,000 feet, even being 18,000 on the Pacific coast. Lava was later forced in between many of these layers. The Palisades of the Hudson River were formed by the extrusion of basalt lava between these Triassic strata. Volcanic action was extensive in different parts of the world.

60:1.3 These deposits vary in thickness from 3,000 to 10,000 feet, even being 18,000 on the Pacific coast. Lava was later forced in between many of these layers. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Palisades_%28Hudson_River%29 Palisades] of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_River Hudson River] were formed by the extrusion of basalt lava between these [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassic Triassic] strata. Volcanic action was extensive in different parts of the world.

60:1.4 Over Europe, especially Germany and Russia, may be found deposits of this period. In England the New Red Sandstone belongs to this epoch. Limestone was laid down in the southern Alps as the result of a sea invasion and may now be seen as the peculiar dolomite limestone walls, peaks, and pillars of those regions. This layer is to be found all over Africa and Australia. The Carrara marble comes from such modified limestone. Nothing of this period will be found in the southern regions of South America as that part of the continent remained down and hence presents only a water or marine deposit continuous with the preceding and succeeding epochs.

60:1.4 Over Europe, especially Germany and Russia, may be found deposits of this period. In England the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_red_sandstone New Red Sandstone] belongs to this epoch. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LImestone Limestone] was laid down in the southern [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps Alps] as the result of a sea [[invasion]] and may now be seen as the peculiar [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolostone dolomite limestone] walls, peaks, and pillars of those regions. This layer is to be found all over Africa and Australia. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrara_marble Carrara marble] comes from such modified limestone. Nothing of this period will be found in the southern regions of South America as that part of the continent remained down and hence presents only a [[water]] or [[marine]] deposit [[continuous]] with the preceding and succeeding epochs.

60:1.5 150,000,000 years ago the early land-life periods of the world's history began. Life, in general, did not fare well but did better than at the strenuous and hostile close of the marine-life era.

60:1.5 150,000,000 years ago the early [[land]]-life periods of the world's [[history]] began. Life, in general, did not fare well but did better than at the strenuous and hostile close of the [[marine]]-life era.

60:1.6 As this era opens, the eastern and central parts of North America, the northern half of South America, most of Europe, and all of Asia are well above water. North America for the first time is geographically isolated, but not for long as the Bering Strait land bridge soon again emerges, connecting the continent with Asia.

60:1.6 As this era opens, the eastern and central parts of North America, the northern half of South America, most of Europe, and all of Asia are well above [[water]]. North America for the first time is geographically [[isolated]], but not for long as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bering_Strait Bering Strait] land bridge soon again emerges, connecting the continent with Asia.

60:1.7 Great troughs developed in North America, paralleling the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The great eastern-Connecticut fault appeared, one side eventually sinking two miles. Many of these North American troughs were later filled with erosion deposits, as also were many of the basins of the fresh- and salt-water lakes of the mountain regions. Later on, these filled land depressions were greatly elevated by lava flows which occurred underground. The petrified forests of many regions belong to this epoch.

60:1.7 Great troughs developed in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America], [[paralleling]] the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Appalachian_Valley Atlantic] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Cordillera_%28North_America%29 Pacific coasts]. The great [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Connecticut eastern-Connecticut fault] appeared, one side eventually sinking two miles. Many of these North American troughs were later filled with erosion deposits, as also were many of the basins of the fresh- and salt-water lakes of the mountain regions. Later on, these filled land depressions were greatly elevated by lava flows which occurred underground. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrified_forests petrified forests] of many regions belong to this [[epoch]].

60:1.8 The Pacific coast, usually above water during the continental submergences, went down excepting the southern part of California and a large island which then existed in what is now the Pacific Ocean. This ancient California sea was rich in marine life and extended eastward to connect with the old sea basin of the midwestern region.

60:1.8 The Pacific coast, usually above [[water]] during the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continental] submergences, went down excepting the southern part of California and a large island which then existed in what is now the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean Pacific Ocean]. This ancient California sea was rich in [[marine]] life and extended eastward to [[connect]] with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Interior_Seaway old sea basin of the midwestern region].

60:1.9 140,000,000 years ago, suddenly and with only the hint of the two prereptilian ancestors that developed in Africa during the preceding epoch, the reptiles appeared in full-fledged form. They developed rapidly, soon yielding crocodiles, scaled reptiles, and eventually both sea serpents and flying reptiles. Their transition ancestors speedily disappeared.

60:1.9 140,000,000 years ago, suddenly and with only the hint of the two prereptilian ancestors that developed in Africa during the preceding epoch, the reptiles appeared in full-fledged form. They developed rapidly, soon yielding crocodiles, scaled reptiles, and eventually both sea serpents and flying reptiles. Their transition ancestors speedily disappeared.