− | Ong draws on pioneering work by [[Milman Parry]] and [[Marshall McLuhan]], among the first to fully appreciate the significance of the [[word]] as a [[technology]]. McLuhan, in his work ''The Gutenberg Galaxy''<ref>Marshall McLuhan. ''The [[Gutenberg Galaxy]]: The Making of Typographic Man'', University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1962.</ref> shows how each stage in the development of this technology throughout the [[history of communication]] – from the invention of speech (primary orality), to [[pictograms]], to the [[phonetic alphabet]], to [[typography]], to the electronic communications of today – restructures human consciousness, profoundly changing not only the frontiers of human possibility, but even the frontiers it is possible for humans to imagine. | + | Ong draws on pioneering work by [[Milman Parry]] and [[Marshall McLuhan]], among the first to fully appreciate the significance of the [[word]] as a [[technology]]. McLuhan, in his work ''The Gutenberg Galaxy''<ref>Marshall McLuhan. ''The [[Gutenberg Galaxy]]: The Making of Typographic Man'', University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1962.</ref> shows how each stage in the development of this technology throughout the [[history of communication]] – from the invention of speech (primary orality), to [[pictograms]], to the [[phonetic alphabet]], to [[typography]], to the electronic communications of today – restructures human consciousness, profoundly changing not only the frontiers of human possibility, but even the frontiers it is possible for humans to imagine. |