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− | #REDIRECT [[Culture]] | + | [[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Nurture-of-bacchus2.jpg|right|frame]] |
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| + | ==Origin== |
| + | [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] ''norture'', ''nurture'', from Anglo-French ''nureture'', from Late Latin ''nutritura'' act of nursing, from [[Latin]] ''nutritus'', past participle of ''nutrire'' to suckle, [[nourish]] |
| + | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century 14th Century] |
| + | ==Definitions== |
| + | *1: training, upbringing |
| + | *2: something that nourishes : [[food]] |
| + | *3: the sum of the [[environmental]] [[factors]] influencing the [[behavior]] and traits [[expressed]] by an [[organism]] |
| + | ==Description== |
| + | <center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Nurture''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Nurture '''''this lesson'''''].</center> |
| + | The [[nature]] versus '''nurture''' debate concerns the [[relative]] importance of an [[individual]]'s innate qualities ("nature," i.e. nativism, or innatism) versus [[personal]] [[experiences]] ("nurture," i.e. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricism empiricism] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism behaviorism]) in determining or causing [[individual]] differences in [[physical]] and behavioral traits. |
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| + | The phrase "Nature versus nurture" in its [[modern]] sense was coined by the English Victorian polymath [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Galton Francis Galton] in [[discussion]] of the [[influence]] of [[heredity]] and [[environment]] on social advancement, although the terms had been [[contrasted]] previously, for example by Shakespeare (in his play, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tempest ''The Tempest: 4.1'']). Galton was influenced by the book [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species On the Origin of Species] written by his cousin, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin Charles Darwin]. The [[concept]] embodied in the phrase has been criticized for its binary simplification of two tightly interwoven [[parameters]], as for example an [[environment]] of [[wealth]], education and social [[privilege]] are often historically passed to genetic offspring. |
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| + | The view that humans acquire all or almost all their [[behavioral]] traits from "nurture" was termed by philosopher [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke John Locke] ''tabula rasa'' ("blank slate") and proposes that humans [[develop]] from only [[environmental]] [[influences]]. This question was once considered to be an appropriate division of [[developmental]] influences, but since both [[types]] of factors are known to play such interacting roles in development, most modern [[psychologists]] and [[anthropologists]] consider the question [[naive]]—representing an outdated state of [[knowledge]]. |
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| + | In the social and political sciences, the ''nature versus nurture debate'' may be contrasted with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_and_agency structure versus agency debate] (i.e. socialization versus individual autonomy). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurture] |
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| + | [[Category: Biology]] |
| + | [[Category: Sociology]] |
| + | [[Category: Political Science]] |