Changes

==The impact of literacy on culture==  

==The impact of literacy on culture==  

Ong draws on pioneering work by [[Milman Parry]] and [[Marshall McLuhan]], among the first to fully appreciate the significance of the [[word]] as a [[technology]].  McLuhan, in his work ''The Gutenberg Galaxy''<ref>Marshall McLuhan.  ''The [[Gutenberg Galaxy]]:  The Making of Typographic Man'', University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1962.</ref> shows how each stage in the development of this technology throughout the [[history of communication]] – from the invention of speech (primary orality), to [[pictograms]],  to the [[phonetic alphabet]], to [[typography]], to the electronic communications of today – restructures human consciousness, profoundly changing not only the frontiers of human possibility, but even the frontiers it is possible for humans to imagine.

Ong draws on pioneering work by [[Milman Parry]] and [[Marshall McLuhan]], among the first to fully appreciate the significance of the [[word]] as a [[technology]].  McLuhan, in his work ''The Gutenberg Galaxy''<ref>Marshall McLuhan.  ''The [[Gutenberg Galaxy]]:  The Making of Typographic Man'', University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1962.</ref> shows how each stage in the development of this technology throughout the [[history of communication]] – from the invention of speech (primary orality), to [[pictograms]],  to the [[phonetic alphabet]], to [[typography]], to the electronic communications of today – restructures human consciousness, profoundly changing not only the frontiers of human possibility, but even the frontiers it is possible for humans to imagine.

==Primary orality==

==Primary orality==