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| ==Origin== | | ==Origin== |
| Latin ''chasma'' , < Greek ''χάσμα'' yawning hollow; Latin ''hiare''. The Greek-Latin form ''chasma'' was used for some time unchanged. | | Latin ''chasma'' , < Greek ''χάσμα'' yawning hollow; Latin ''hiare''. The Greek-Latin form ''chasma'' was used for some time unchanged. |
− | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1596] | + | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1596] |
| ==Definitions== | | ==Definitions== |
| *1: a deep cleft in the [[surface]] of a [[planet]] (as the [[earth]]) : gorge | | *1: a deep cleft in the [[surface]] of a [[planet]] (as the [[earth]]) : gorge |
| *2: a marked division, [[separation]], or [[difference]] | | *2: a marked division, [[separation]], or [[difference]] |
| ==Description== | | ==Description== |
− | In [[geology]], a rift or '''chasm''' is a place where the [[Earth]]'s [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology) crust] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere lithosphere] are being pulled apart and is an example of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensional_tectonics extensional tectonics]. | + | In [[geology]], a rift or '''chasm''' is a place where the [[Earth]]'s [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology) crust] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere lithosphere] are being pulled apart and is an example of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensional_tectonics extensional tectonics]. |
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− | Typical rift features are a central linear [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_(geology) downfaulted] segment, called a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graben graben], with [[parallel]] normal faulting and rift-flank uplifts on either side forming a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift_valley rift valley], where the rift remains above sea level. The [[axis]] of the rift area commonly contains [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_rocks volcanic rocks], and active volcanism is a part of many, but not all active rift systems. | + | Typical rift features are a central linear [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_(geology) downfaulted] segment, called a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graben graben], with [[parallel]] normal faulting and rift-flank uplifts on either side forming a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift_valley rift valley], where the rift remains above sea level. The [[axis]] of the rift area commonly contains [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_rocks volcanic rocks], and active volcanism is a part of many, but not all active rift systems. |
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− | Major rifts occur along the central axis of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge mid-ocean ridges], where new oceanic crust and lithosphere is created along a divergent boundary between two [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_plate tectonic plates]. | + | Major rifts occur along the central axis of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge mid-ocean ridges], where new oceanic crust and lithosphere is created along a divergent boundary between two [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_plate tectonic plates]. |
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− | Failed rifts are where continental rifting began, but then failed to continue to the point of break-up. Typically the [[transition]] from rifting to spreading develops at a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_junction triple junction] where three converging rifts meet over a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotspot_(geology) hotspot]. Two of these evolve to the point of seafloor spreading, while the third ultimately fails, becoming an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulacogen aulacogen]. | + | Failed rifts are where continental rifting began, but then failed to continue to the point of break-up. Typically the [[transition]] from rifting to spreading develops at a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_junction triple junction] where three converging rifts meet over a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotspot_(geology) hotspot]. Two of these evolve to the point of seafloor spreading, while the third ultimately fails, becoming an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulacogen aulacogen]. |
| ==See also== | | ==See also== |
| '''''[[Abyss]]''''' | | '''''[[Abyss]]''''' |
| [[Category: Earth Science]] | | [[Category: Earth Science]] |