Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

Lexicographer [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Sheidlower Jesse Sheidlower], the principal American editor of the [[Oxford English Dictionary]], argues that the terms ''hipster'' and ''hippie'' derive from the word ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_%28slang%29 hip]'', whose origins are unknown.

Lexicographer [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Sheidlower Jesse Sheidlower], the principal American editor of the [[Oxford English Dictionary]], argues that the terms ''hipster'' and ''hippie'' derive from the word ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_%28slang%29 hip]'', whose origins are unknown.

The word hip in the sense of "aware, in the know" is first attested in a 1902 cartoon by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad_Dorgan Tad Dorgan], and first appeared in print in a 1904 novel by George Vere Hobart, Jim Hickey, ''A Story of the One-Night Stands'', where a black American character uses the [[slang]] phrase "Are you hip?"

The word hip in the sense of "aware, in the know" is first attested in a 1902 cartoon by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad_Dorgan Tad Dorgan], and first appeared in print in a 1904 novel by George Vere Hobart, Jim Hickey, ''A Story of the One-Night Stands'', where a black American character uses the [[slang]] phrase "Are you hip?"

The term ''hipster'' was coined by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Gibson Harry Gibson] in 1944. By the 1940s, the terms ''hip'', ''hep'' and ''hepcat'' were popular in Harlem jazz slang, although ''hep'' [[eventually]] came to denote an inferior status to ''hip''.

The term ''hipster'' was coined by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Gibson Harry Gibson] in 1944. By the 1940s, the terms ''hip'', ''hep'' and ''hepcat'' were popular in Harlem jazz slang, although ''hep'' [[eventually]] came to denote an inferior status to ''hip''.

In [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Village Greenwich Village] in the early [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60's 1960s], [[New York City]], young counterculture advocates were named hips because they were considered "in the know" or "cool", as opposed to being square. In a 1961 essay, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Rexroth Kenneth Rexroth] used both the terms ''hipster'' and ''hippies'' to refer to young people participating in black American or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatnik Beatnik] nightlife. According to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X Malcolm X]'s 1964 autobiography, the word ''hippie'' in 1940s Harlem had been used to describe a specific type of white man who "acted more Negro than Negroes". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Loog_Oldham Andrew Loog Oldham] refers to "all the Chicago hippies," seemingly in reference to black blues/R&B musicians, in his rear sleeve notes to the 1965 LP ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones,_Now! The Rolling Stones, Now!]''

In [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Village Greenwich Village] in the early [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60's 1960s], [[New York City]], young counterculture advocates were named hips because they were considered "in the know" or "cool", as opposed to being square. In a 1961 essay, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Rexroth Kenneth Rexroth] used both the terms ''hipster'' and ''hippies'' to refer to young people participating in black American or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatnik Beatnik] nightlife. According to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X Malcolm X]'s 1964 autobiography, the word ''hippie'' in 1940s Harlem had been used to describe a specific type of white man who "acted more Negro than Negroes". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Loog_Oldham Andrew Loog Oldham] refers to "all the Chicago hippies," seemingly in reference to black blues/R&B musicians, in his rear sleeve notes to the 1965 LP ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones,_Now! The Rolling Stones, Now!]''

Although the word ''hippies'' made other isolated appearances in print during the early 1960s, the first use of the term on the West Coast appeared on September 5, 1965, in the article, "A New Haven for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatniks Beatniks]", by San Francisco journalist Michael Fallon. In that article, Fallon wrote about the Blue Unicorn [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehouse coffeehouse], using the term ''hippie'' to refer to the new [[generation]] of beatniks who had moved from North Beach into the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haight-Ashbury,_San_Francisco,_California Haight-Ashbury] district. New York Times editor and usage writer Theodore M. Bernstein said the paper changed the spelling from hippy to hippie to avoid the [[ambiguous]] description of clothing as hippy fashions.

Although the word ''hippies'' made other isolated appearances in print during the early 1960s, the first use of the term on the West Coast appeared on September 5, 1965, in the article, "A New Haven for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatniks Beatniks]", by San Francisco journalist Michael Fallon. In that article, Fallon wrote about the Blue Unicorn [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehouse coffeehouse], using the term ''hippie'' to refer to the new [[generation]] of beatniks who had moved from North Beach into the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haight-Ashbury,_San_Francisco,_California Haight-Ashbury] district. New York Times editor and usage writer Theodore M. Bernstein said the paper changed the spelling from hippy to hippie to avoid the [[ambiguous]] description of clothing as hippy fashions.

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965 1965]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965 1965]

==Definition==

==Definition==

*1: a usually [[young person]] who [[rejects]] established social [[customs]] (such as by dressing in an [[unusual]] way or living in a [[commune]]) and who opposes [[violence]] and [[war]]; especially : a young person of this kind in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60's 1960s] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/70's 1970s]

*1: a usually [[young person]] who [[rejects]] established social [[customs]] (such as by dressing in an [[unusual]] way or living in a [[commune]]) and who opposes [[violence]] and [[war]]; especially : a young person of this kind in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60's 1960s] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/70's 1970s]

==Description==

==Description==

The '''hippie''' (or ''hippy'') subculture was originally a [[youth]] movement that arose in the [[United States]] during the mid-1960s and spread to other countries around the world. The word 'hippie' came from hipster, and was initially used to describe [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatnik beatniks] who had moved into New York City's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Village Greenwich Village] and San Francisco's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haight-Ashbury Haight-Ashbury] district. The origins of the terms ''hip'' and ''hep'' are uncertain, though by the 1940s both had become part of African American [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_Vernacular_English jive] slang and meant "sophisticated; currently fashionable; fully up-to-date". The Beats adopted the term hip, and early hippies inherited the language and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s countercultural values] of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_Generation Beat Generation] and mimicked some of the then current [[values]] of the British [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod_(subculture) Mod scene]. Hippies created their own [[communities]], listened to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_rock psychedelic rock], embraced the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_revolution sexual revolution], and some used drugs such as cannabis, LSD, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilocybin_mushroom psilocybin mushrooms] to explore altered states of [[consciousness]].

The '''hippie''' (or ''hippy'') subculture was originally a [[youth]] movement that arose in the [[United States]] during the mid-1960s and spread to other countries around the world. The word 'hippie' came from hipster, and was initially used to describe [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatnik beatniks] who had moved into New York City's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Village Greenwich Village] and San Francisco's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haight-Ashbury Haight-Ashbury] district. The origins of the terms ''hip'' and ''hep'' are uncertain, though by the 1940s both had become part of African American [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_Vernacular_English jive] slang and meant "sophisticated; currently fashionable; fully up-to-date". The Beats adopted the term hip, and early hippies inherited the language and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s countercultural values] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_Generation Beat Generation] and mimicked some of the then current [[values]] of the British [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod_(subculture) Mod scene]. Hippies created their own [[communities]], listened to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_rock psychedelic rock], embraced the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_revolution sexual revolution], and some used drugs such as cannabis, LSD, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilocybin_mushroom psilocybin mushrooms] to explore altered states of [[consciousness]].

In January 1967, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Be-In Human Be-In] in Golden Gate Park in San Francisco popularized ''hippie'' culture, leading to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_of_Love Summer of Love] on the West Coast of the United States, and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodstock_Festival 1969 Woodstock Festival] on the East Coast. Hippies in Mexico, known as ''jipitecas'', formed La Onda and gathered at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_Rock_y_Ruedas_de_Av%C3%A1ndaro Avándaro], while in New Zealand, nomadic [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housetrucker housetruckers] practiced alternative [[lifestyles]] and promoted sustainable energy at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nambassa Nambassa]. In the United Kingdom, mobile "peace convoys" of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_age_travellers New age travellers] made summer [[pilgrimages]] to free music festivals at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] and later (in 1970) to the gigantic [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Festival_1970 Isle of Wight Festival] with a crowd of around 400 000 people. In Australia hippies gathered at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimbin,_New_South_Wales Nimbin] for the 1973 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarius_Festival Aquarius Festival] and the annual Cannabis Law Reform Rally or MardiGrass. "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedra_Roja Piedra Roja Festival]", a major hippie event in Chile, was held in 1970.

In January 1967, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Be-In Human Be-In] in Golden Gate Park in San Francisco popularized ''hippie'' culture, leading to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_of_Love Summer of Love] on the West Coast of the United States, and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodstock_Festival 1969 Woodstock Festival] on the East Coast. Hippies in Mexico, known as ''jipitecas'', formed La Onda and gathered at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_Rock_y_Ruedas_de_Av%C3%A1ndaro Avándaro], while in New Zealand, nomadic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housetrucker housetruckers] practiced alternative [[lifestyles]] and promoted sustainable energy at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nambassa Nambassa]. In the United Kingdom, mobile "peace convoys" of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_age_travellers New age travellers] made summer [[pilgrimages]] to free music festivals at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] and later (in 1970) to the gigantic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Festival_1970 Isle of Wight Festival] with a crowd of around 400 000 people. In Australia hippies gathered at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimbin,_New_South_Wales Nimbin] for the 1973 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarius_Festival Aquarius Festival] and the annual Cannabis Law Reform Rally or MardiGrass. "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedra_Roja Piedra Roja Festival]", a major hippie event in Chile, was held in 1970.

Hippie [[fashions]] and [[values]] had a major effect on [[culture]], influencing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_music popular music], television, [[film]], [[literature]], and the [[arts]]. Since the 1960s, many aspects of hippie culture have been [[assimilated]] by [[mainstream]] society. The religious and cultural [[diversity]] espoused by the hippies has gained widespread acceptance, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy Eastern philosophy] and spiritual concepts have reached a larger [[audience]]. The hippie legacy can be observed in contemporary culture in myriad forms, including [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_food health food], music festivals, contemporary sexual [[mores]], and even the [[cyberspace]] revolution.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippie]

Hippie [[fashions]] and [[values]] had a major effect on [[culture]], influencing [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_music popular music], television, [[film]], [[literature]], and the [[arts]]. Since the 1960s, many aspects of hippie culture have been [[assimilated]] by [[mainstream]] society. The religious and cultural [[diversity]] espoused by the hippies has gained widespread acceptance, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy Eastern philosophy] and spiritual concepts have reached a larger [[audience]]. The hippie legacy can be observed in contemporary culture in myriad forms, including [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_food health food], music festivals, contemporary sexual [[mores]], and even the [[cyberspace]] revolution.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippie]

[[Category: Sociology]]

[[Category: Sociology]]

[[Category: Anthropology]]

[[Category: Anthropology]]