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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_century 13th Century]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_century 13th Century]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1: the [[calendar]] year just begun or about to begin: ''we're looking ahead to a profitable start to the new year | Happy New Year!''

*1: the [[calendar]] year just begun or about to begin: ''we're looking ahead to a profitable start to the new year | Happy New Year!''

*3: (usu. ''New Year'') the period immediately before and after December 31: ''the facilities are closed over [[Christmas]] and New Year.''

*3: (usu. ''New Year'') the period immediately before and after December 31: ''the facilities are closed over [[Christmas]] and New Year.''

==Description==

==Description==

'''New Year''' is the [[time]] at which a new [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_year calendar year] begins and the calendar's year count increments by one. Many [[cultures]] celebrate the event in some [[manner]]. The New Year of the [[Gregorian calendar]], today mostly in use, falls on from 1 January (New Year's Day) to 31 December (New Year's Eve), as was the case both in the old [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_calendar Roman calendar] (at least after about 713 BCE) and in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar Julian calendar] that succeeded it. The order of months was January to December in the Old Roman calendar during the reign of King [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numa_Pompilius Numa Pompilius] in about 700 BCE, according to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutarch Plutarch] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrobius Macrobius], and has been in continuous use since that time. Many countries, such as the Czech Republic, Italy, Spain, the UK, and the United States, mark 1 January is a national holiday.

'''New Year''' is the [[time]] at which a new [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_year calendar year] begins and the calendar's year count increments by one. Many [[cultures]] celebrate the event in some [[manner]]. The New Year of the [[Gregorian calendar]], today mostly in use, falls on from 1 January (New Year's Day) to 31 December (New Year's Eve), as was the case both in the old [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_calendar Roman calendar] (at least after about 713 BCE) and in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar Julian calendar] that succeeded it. The order of months was January to December in the Old Roman calendar during the reign of King [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numa_Pompilius Numa Pompilius] in about 700 BCE, according to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutarch Plutarch] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrobius Macrobius], and has been in continuous use since that time. Many countries, such as the Czech Republic, Italy, Spain, the UK, and the United States, mark 1 January is a national holiday.

During the [[Middle Ages]] in western Europe, while the Julian calendar was still in use, authorities moved New Year's Day variously, depending upon locale, to one of several other days, among them: 1 March, 25 March, [[Easter]], 1 September, and 25 December. These New Year's Day [[changes]] generally reverted to using January 1 before or during the various local adoptions of the [[Gregorian calendar]], beginning in 1582. The change from March 25 – [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Day Lady Day], one of the four [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarter_days quarter days] – to January 1 took place in Scotland in 1600, before the ascension of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_England James VI of Scotland] to the throne of England in 1603 and well before the formation of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain Kingdom of Great Britain] in 1707. In England and Wales (and in all British dominions, including Britain's American colonies), 1751 began on March 25 and lasted 282 days, and 1752 began on January 1.[2] For more [[information]] about the changeover from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar and the effect on the dating of historical events etc., see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates Old Style and New Style dates].

During the [[Middle Ages]] in western Europe, while the Julian calendar was still in use, authorities moved New Year's Day variously, depending upon locale, to one of several other days, among them: 1 March, 25 March, [[Easter]], 1 September, and 25 December. These New Year's Day [[changes]] generally reverted to using January 1 before or during the various local adoptions of the [[Gregorian calendar]], beginning in 1582. The change from March 25 – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Day Lady Day], one of the four [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarter_days quarter days] – to January 1 took place in Scotland in 1600, before the ascension of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_England James VI of Scotland] to the throne of England in 1603 and well before the formation of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain Kingdom of Great Britain] in 1707. In England and Wales (and in all British dominions, including Britain's American colonies), 1751 began on March 25 and lasted 282 days, and 1752 began on January 1.[2] For more [[information]] about the changeover from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar and the effect on the dating of historical events etc., see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates Old Style and New Style dates].

A great many other calendars have seen use historically in [[different]] parts of the world; some such calendars count years numerically, while others do not. The expansion of [[Western culture]] during recent centuries has seen such widespread official adoption of the Gregorian calendar that its recognition and that of January 1 as the New Year has become virtually global.  

A great many other calendars have seen use historically in [[different]] parts of the world; some such calendars count years numerically, while others do not. The expansion of [[Western culture]] during recent centuries has seen such widespread official adoption of the Gregorian calendar that its recognition and that of January 1 as the New Year has become virtually global.  

Nevertheless, regional or local use of other calendars persists, along with the cultural and [[religious]] [[practices]] that accompany them. Many places (such as Israel, China, and India) also celebrate New Year at the times determined by these other calendars. In Latin America the [[observation]] of [[traditions]] belonging to various [[native]] cultures continues according to their own calendars, despite the domination of recently arrived cultures. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year]

Nevertheless, regional or local use of other calendars persists, along with the cultural and [[religious]] [[practices]] that accompany them. Many places (such as Israel, China, and India) also celebrate New Year at the times determined by these other calendars. In Latin America the [[observation]] of [[traditions]] belonging to various [[native]] cultures continues according to their own calendars, despite the domination of recently arrived cultures. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]