In simple cases, a solitary scholar carries out a research project and writes the subsequent article or book. In many [[academic discipline|disciplines]], however, [[collaboration]] is very common in some and issues of authorship are sometimes complex and controversial. In these contexts, authorship can encompass activities other than writing the article; a researcher who comes up with an experimental design and analyzes the data may be considered an author, even if he had little role in composing the text describing the results. | In simple cases, a solitary scholar carries out a research project and writes the subsequent article or book. In many [[academic discipline|disciplines]], however, [[collaboration]] is very common in some and issues of authorship are sometimes complex and controversial. In these contexts, authorship can encompass activities other than writing the article; a researcher who comes up with an experimental design and analyzes the data may be considered an author, even if he had little role in composing the text describing the results. |