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==Origin==
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] ''lige'', lie, from [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English] ''lyge''; akin to Old High German ''lugī'', Old English ''lēogan'' to lie
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century before 12th Century]
==Definitions==
*1a : an assertion of something known or believed by the [[speaker]] to be untrue with [[intent]] to [[deceive]]
:b : an untrue or inaccurate [[statement]] that may or may not be believed true by the speaker
2: something that misleads or [[deceives]]
==Description==
To '''lie''' is to deliver a [[false]] [[statement]] to another person which the speaking person knows is not the whole [[truth]], intentionally.
A ''barefaced'' (or ''bald-faced'') lie is one that is obviously a lie to those hearing it. The phrase comes from 17th-century British usage referring to those without facial hair as being seen as particularly forthright and outwardly [[honest]], and therefore more likely to get away with telling a significant lie. A variation that has been in use almost as long is ''bold-faced'' lie, referring to a lie told with a straight and [[confident]] face (hence "bold-faced"), usually with the corresponding [[tone]] of [[voice]] and emphatic body language of one confidently speaking the [[truth]]. Bold-faced lie can also refer to misleading or inaccurate newspaper headlines, but this usage appears to be a more recent appropriation of the term.
An ''[[emergency]] lie'' is a [[strategic]] lie told when the [[truth]] may not be told because, for example, harm to a third party would result. For example, a [[neighbor]] might lie to an enraged [[husband]] about the whereabouts of his [[wife]], whom he believes has been unfaithful, because said husband might reasonably be [[expected]] to inflict physical [[injury]] should he encounter his wife in person. Alternatively, an emergency lie could denote a (temporary) lie told to a second person because of the [[presence]] of a third.
''White lies'' are minor lies which could be considered to be harmless, or even beneficial, in the long term. White lies are also considered to be used for greater [[good]]. A common version of a white lie is to tell only part of the [[truth]], therefore not be suspected of lying, yet also conceal something else, to avoid awkward [[questions]].
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo Augustine of Hippo] wrote two books about lying: ''On Lying (De Mendacio)'' and ''Against Lying (Contra Mendacio)''. He describes each book in his later work, ''Retractions''. Based on the location of ''De Mendacio'' in ''Retractions'', it appears to have been written about 395 AD. The first work, ''On Lying'', begins:
:"Magna quæstio est de Mendacio" ("There is a great [[question]] about Lying"). From his [[text]], it can be derived that St. Augustine divided lies into eight categories, listed in order of [[descending]] severity:
*Lies in religious teaching
*Lies that harm others and help no one
*Lies that harm others and help someone
*Lies told for the pleasure of lying
*Lies told to "please others in smooth discourse"
*Lies that harm no one and that help someone materially
*Lies that harm no one and that help someone spiritually
*Lies that harm no one and that protect someone from "bodily defilement"
Augustine wrote that lies told in [[jest]], or by someone who believes or opines the lie to be true are not, in [[fact]], lies.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie]
[[Category: Psychology]]
==Origin==
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] ''lige'', lie, from [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English] ''lyge''; akin to Old High German ''lugī'', Old English ''lēogan'' to lie
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century before 12th Century]
==Definitions==
*1a : an assertion of something known or believed by the [[speaker]] to be untrue with [[intent]] to [[deceive]]
:b : an untrue or inaccurate [[statement]] that may or may not be believed true by the speaker
2: something that misleads or [[deceives]]
==Description==
To '''lie''' is to deliver a [[false]] [[statement]] to another person which the speaking person knows is not the whole [[truth]], intentionally.
A ''barefaced'' (or ''bald-faced'') lie is one that is obviously a lie to those hearing it. The phrase comes from 17th-century British usage referring to those without facial hair as being seen as particularly forthright and outwardly [[honest]], and therefore more likely to get away with telling a significant lie. A variation that has been in use almost as long is ''bold-faced'' lie, referring to a lie told with a straight and [[confident]] face (hence "bold-faced"), usually with the corresponding [[tone]] of [[voice]] and emphatic body language of one confidently speaking the [[truth]]. Bold-faced lie can also refer to misleading or inaccurate newspaper headlines, but this usage appears to be a more recent appropriation of the term.
An ''[[emergency]] lie'' is a [[strategic]] lie told when the [[truth]] may not be told because, for example, harm to a third party would result. For example, a [[neighbor]] might lie to an enraged [[husband]] about the whereabouts of his [[wife]], whom he believes has been unfaithful, because said husband might reasonably be [[expected]] to inflict physical [[injury]] should he encounter his wife in person. Alternatively, an emergency lie could denote a (temporary) lie told to a second person because of the [[presence]] of a third.
''White lies'' are minor lies which could be considered to be harmless, or even beneficial, in the long term. White lies are also considered to be used for greater [[good]]. A common version of a white lie is to tell only part of the [[truth]], therefore not be suspected of lying, yet also conceal something else, to avoid awkward [[questions]].
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo Augustine of Hippo] wrote two books about lying: ''On Lying (De Mendacio)'' and ''Against Lying (Contra Mendacio)''. He describes each book in his later work, ''Retractions''. Based on the location of ''De Mendacio'' in ''Retractions'', it appears to have been written about 395 AD. The first work, ''On Lying'', begins:
:"Magna quæstio est de Mendacio" ("There is a great [[question]] about Lying"). From his [[text]], it can be derived that St. Augustine divided lies into eight categories, listed in order of [[descending]] severity:
*Lies in religious teaching
*Lies that harm others and help no one
*Lies that harm others and help someone
*Lies told for the pleasure of lying
*Lies told to "please others in smooth discourse"
*Lies that harm no one and that help someone materially
*Lies that harm no one and that help someone spiritually
*Lies that harm no one and that protect someone from "bodily defilement"
Augustine wrote that lies told in [[jest]], or by someone who believes or opines the lie to be true are not, in [[fact]], lies.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie]
[[Category: Psychology]]