Yamagishi, Kikuchi & Kosugi (1999) characterize a gullible person as one who is both credulous and [[naïve]]. Greenspan (2009) stresses the distinction that gullibility involves an [[action]] in addition to a [[belief]], and there is a cause-effect relationship between the two states: "gullible outcomes typically come about through the [[exploitation]] of a [[victim]]'s credulity. | Yamagishi, Kikuchi & Kosugi (1999) characterize a gullible person as one who is both credulous and [[naïve]]. Greenspan (2009) stresses the distinction that gullibility involves an [[action]] in addition to a [[belief]], and there is a cause-effect relationship between the two states: "gullible outcomes typically come about through the [[exploitation]] of a [[victim]]'s credulity. |