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| ==Origin== | | ==Origin== |
| [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from Anglo-French & Medieval Latin; Anglo-French ''deffamer'', ''diffamer'', from Medieval Latin ''defamare'', alteration of [[Latin]] ''diffamare'', from ''dis''- + ''fama'' [[reputation]], [[fame]] | | [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from Anglo-French & Medieval Latin; Anglo-French ''deffamer'', ''diffamer'', from Medieval Latin ''defamare'', alteration of [[Latin]] ''diffamare'', from ''dis''- + ''fama'' [[reputation]], [[fame]] |
− | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century 14th Century] | + | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century 14th Century] |
| ==Definitions== | | ==Definitions== |
| *1 archaic : disgrace | | *1 archaic : disgrace |
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| '''Defamation'''—also called ''calumny'', ''vilification'', or ''traducement''—is the [[communication]] of a [[false]] [[statement]] that harms the [[reputation]] of an [[individual]], [[business]], product, group, [[government]], [[religion]], or [[nation]]. Most [[jurisdictions]] allow [[legal]] action to deter various kinds of defamation and retaliate against groundless [[criticism]]. | | '''Defamation'''—also called ''calumny'', ''vilification'', or ''traducement''—is the [[communication]] of a [[false]] [[statement]] that harms the [[reputation]] of an [[individual]], [[business]], product, group, [[government]], [[religion]], or [[nation]]. Most [[jurisdictions]] allow [[legal]] action to deter various kinds of defamation and retaliate against groundless [[criticism]]. |
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− | Under [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_law common law], to constitute defamation, a claim must generally be [[false]] and have been made to someone other than the person defamed. Some common law jurisdictions also distinguish between spoken defamation, called '''slander''', and defamation in other [[media]] such as printed words or [[images]], called '''libel'''. | + | Under [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_law common law], to constitute defamation, a claim must generally be [[false]] and have been made to someone other than the person defamed. Some common law jurisdictions also distinguish between spoken defamation, called '''slander''', and defamation in other [[media]] such as printed words or [[images]], called '''libel'''. |
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| Similar to defamation is [[public]] disclosure of [[private]] facts, which arises where one person [[reveals]] information that is not of public concern, and the release of which would [[offend]] a reasonable person. "Unlike [with] libel, [[truth]] is not a defense for [[invasion]] of [[privacy]]." [not verified in body]. False light laws protect against [[statements]] which are not technically false but misleading.[4] | | Similar to defamation is [[public]] disclosure of [[private]] facts, which arises where one person [[reveals]] information that is not of public concern, and the release of which would [[offend]] a reasonable person. "Unlike [with] libel, [[truth]] is not a defense for [[invasion]] of [[privacy]]." [not verified in body]. False light laws protect against [[statements]] which are not technically false but misleading.[4] |
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− | In some [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system) civil law] jurisdictions, defamation is treated as a [[crime]] rather than a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_wrong civil wrong]. The United Nations Commission on Human Rights ruled in 2012 that the criminalization of libel violates [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression freedom of expression] and is inconsistent with Article 19 of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]. | + | In some [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system) civil law] jurisdictions, defamation is treated as a [[crime]] rather than a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_wrong civil wrong]. The United Nations Commission on Human Rights ruled in 2012 that the criminalization of libel violates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_expression freedom of expression] and is inconsistent with Article 19 of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]. |
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− | A person who defames another may be called a "famacide", "defamer", or "slanderer".[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slander] | + | A person who defames another may be called a "famacide", "defamer", or "slanderer".[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slander] |
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| [[Category: Law]] | | [[Category: Law]] |