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| Paul of Tarsus, also called '''''Paul the Apostle''''', the Apostle Paul, or Saint Paul, (Ancient Greek: Σαούλ (Saul), Σαῦλος (Saulos), and Παῦλος (Paulos); Latin: Paulus or Paullus; Hebrew: שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi (Saul of Tarsus)[2] (died c 64-65),[1] was a Hellenistic Jew[3] who called himself the "Apostle to the Gentiles" and was, together with Saint Peter and James the Just, the most notable of early Christian missionaries.[4] | | Paul of Tarsus, also called '''''Paul the Apostle''''', the Apostle Paul, or Saint Paul, (Ancient Greek: Σαούλ (Saul), Σαῦλος (Saulos), and Παῦλος (Paulos); Latin: Paulus or Paullus; Hebrew: שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi (Saul of Tarsus)[2] (died c 64-65),[1] was a Hellenistic Jew[3] who called himself the "Apostle to the Gentiles" and was, together with Saint Peter and James the Just, the most notable of early Christian missionaries.[4] |
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| ==Sources of information | | ==Sources of information |
| The [[Book of Acts]] contains an account of Paul's travels and deeds, his conflicts with [[pagan]]s and Jews, and his interactions with the other [[apostles]]. It was written from a [[perspective]] of reconciliation between Pauline Christians and their opponents, so portrays Paul as a law-abiding Jewish Christian and omits his dispute with [[Peter, the Apostle|Peter]]. Acts schematizes Paul's travels and takes liberties with his speeches. The primary source for historical [[information]] about Paul's life is the [[material]] found in his seven letters generally [[thought]] to be authentic. However, these letters contain very little information about Paul's past. Acts leaves important parts of Paul's life undocumented.[6] | | The [[Book of Acts]] contains an account of Paul's travels and deeds, his conflicts with [[pagan]]s and Jews, and his interactions with the other [[apostles]]. It was written from a [[perspective]] of reconciliation between Pauline Christians and their opponents, so portrays Paul as a law-abiding Jewish Christian and omits his dispute with [[Peter, the Apostle|Peter]]. Acts schematizes Paul's travels and takes liberties with his speeches. The primary source for historical [[information]] about Paul's life is the [[material]] found in his seven letters generally [[thought]] to be authentic. However, these letters contain very little information about Paul's past. Acts leaves important parts of Paul's life undocumented.[6] |
− | | + | <center>For lessons attributed to the '''''Apostle Paul''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Paul,_the_Apostle this link].</center> |
| Scholars such as Hans Conzelmann and 20th century theologian John Knox (not the 16th century John Knox), dispute the historical accuracy of Acts.[7][8] Paul's own account of his background is found particularly in [[Galatians]]. Acts sometimes contradicts Paul's own epistles.[9] (Please see the full discussion in Acts of the Apostles). An example is the account in Acts of Paul visiting [[Jerusalem]][Acts 11:27-30] which some say doesn't fit the account in Paul's letters.[6] Most scholars consider Paul's accounts more reliable than those found in Acts.[10] | | Scholars such as Hans Conzelmann and 20th century theologian John Knox (not the 16th century John Knox), dispute the historical accuracy of Acts.[7][8] Paul's own account of his background is found particularly in [[Galatians]]. Acts sometimes contradicts Paul's own epistles.[9] (Please see the full discussion in Acts of the Apostles). An example is the account in Acts of Paul visiting [[Jerusalem]][Acts 11:27-30] which some say doesn't fit the account in Paul's letters.[6] Most scholars consider Paul's accounts more reliable than those found in Acts.[10] |
| Writings | | Writings |
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| # Ehrman, Bart. Peter, Paul, and Mary Magdalene: The Followers of Jesus in History and Legend. Oxford University Press, USA. 2006. ISBN 0-19-530013-0 | | # Ehrman, Bart. Peter, Paul, and Mary Magdalene: The Followers of Jesus in History and Legend. Oxford University Press, USA. 2006. ISBN 0-19-530013-0 |
| # Galatians 1:13-14, Philippians 3:6, and Acts 8:1-3 | | # Galatians 1:13-14, Philippians 3:6, and Acts 8:1-3 |
− | # Hengel, Martin and Anna Maria Schwemer, trans. John Bowden. Paul Between Damascus and Antioch: The Unknown Years, Westminster John Knox Press, 1997. isbn=0664257364. Online: http://books.google.com/books?id=PRIKVslqctkC&pg=PA43&vq=%22the+baptism+of+Saul/Paul+in+Damascus%22&dq=paul+baptized+damascus&as_brr=3&sig=DLbwPWBw-HL4JYp6MmR3ZsIxoqg | + | # Hengel, Martin and Anna Maria Schwemer, trans. John Bowden. Paul Between Damascus and Antioch: The Unknown Years, Westminster John Knox Press, 1997. isbn=0664257364. Online: https://books.google.com/books?id=PRIKVslqctkC&pg=PA43&vq=%22the+baptism+of+Saul/Paul+in+Damascus%22&dq=paul+baptized+damascus&as_brr=3&sig=DLbwPWBw-HL4JYp6MmR3ZsIxoqg |
| # Barnett, Paul The Birth Of Christianity: The First Twenty Years (Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2005) ISBN 0802827810 p. 200 | | # Barnett, Paul The Birth Of Christianity: The First Twenty Years (Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2005) ISBN 0802827810 p. 200 |
| # Ogg, George, Chronology of the New Testament in Peake's Commentary on the Bible (Nelson) 1963) | | # Ogg, George, Chronology of the New Testament in Peake's Commentary on the Bible (Nelson) 1963) |
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| # White, From Jesus to Christianity | | # White, From Jesus to Christianity |
| # St-Paul-Outside-the-Walls homepage | | # St-Paul-Outside-the-Walls homepage |
− | # St Paul's tomb unearthed in Rome from BBC News (2006–12–08); http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,4442169,00.html?maca=en-rss-en-all-1573-rdf | + | # St Paul's tomb unearthed in Rome from BBC News (2006–12–08); https://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,4442169,00.html?maca=en-rss-en-all-1573-rdf |
| # p. 316-320 | | # p. 316-320 |
| # Harris, p. 316-320. Harris cites Galatians 6:11, Romans 16:22, Colossians 4:18, 2 Thessalonians 3:17, Philemon 19 | | # Harris, p. 316-320. Harris cites Galatians 6:11, Romans 16:22, Colossians 4:18, 2 Thessalonians 3:17, Philemon 19 |
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| # New Perspectives on Paul | | # New Perspectives on Paul |
| # Rowlands, Christopher. Christian Origins (SPCK 1985) p.113 | | # Rowlands, Christopher. Christian Origins (SPCK 1985) p.113 |
− | # Cramer, Robert N. "Women's roles in early church—real history, revisionism, and making things right."|Online: http://www.bibletexts.com/qa/qa078.htm#1 Accessed October 5, 2007 | + | # Cramer, Robert N. "Women's roles in early church—real history, revisionism, and making things right."|Online: https://www.bibletexts.com/qa/qa078.htm#1 Accessed October 5, 2007 |
| # New Jerome Biblical Commentary, edited by Raymond E. Brown, S.S., Joseph A. Fitzmyer, S.J, and Roland E. Murphy, O.Carm., Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1990, pages 811-812) | | # New Jerome Biblical Commentary, edited by Raymond E. Brown, S.S., Joseph A. Fitzmyer, S.J, and Roland E. Murphy, O.Carm., Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1990, pages 811-812) |
| == External links == | | == External links == |
− | * [http://www.earlychristians.org/docs_interest/saint_paul_year.html Saint Paul of Tarsus: the true story] | + | * [https://www.earlychristians.org/docs_interest/saint_paul_year.html Saint Paul of Tarsus: the true story] |
− | * [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11567b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Paul of Tarsus] | + | * [https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11567b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Paul of Tarsus] |
− | * [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Paul Encyclopædia Britannica: Paul] | + | * [https://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Paul Encyclopædia Britannica: Paul] |
− | * [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/first/missions.html Paul's mission and letters] From PBS Frontline series on the earliest Christians. | + | * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/first/missions.html Paul's mission and letters] From PBS Frontline series on the earliest Christians. |
− | * [http://spindleworks.com/library/rfaber/aratus.htm The Apostle and the Poet: Paul and Aratus] Dr. Riemer Faber | + | * [https://spindleworks.com/library/rfaber/aratus.htm The Apostle and the Poet: Paul and Aratus] Dr. Riemer Faber |
− | * [http://www.biblestudy.org/maps/pauls-first-journey-map.html Maps of Paul's three missionary journeys and final captive journey] | + | * [https://www.biblestudy.org/maps/pauls-first-journey-map.html Maps of Paul's three missionary journeys and final captive journey] |
− | * [http://www.parsagard.com/shipwreck.htm The Apostle Paul's Shipwreck: An Historical Examination of Acts 27 and 28] | + | * [https://www.parsagard.com/shipwreck.htm The Apostle Paul's Shipwreck: An Historical Examination of Acts 27 and 28] |
− | * [http://www.saintpaultarsus.com/html/saint_paul1.html 2008 Saint Paul year] | + | * [https://www.saintpaultarsus.com/html/saint_paul1.html 2008 Saint Paul year] |
− | * [http://www.zenit.org/rssenglish-20538 Documentary film on Apostle Paul] | + | * [https://www.zenit.org/rssenglish-20538 Documentary film on Apostle Paul] |
− | * [http://pauliscatholic.com Catholic Perspective on Paul] | + | * [https://pauliscatholic.com Catholic Perspective on Paul] |
− | * [http://www.cattoliciromani.com/forum/showthread.php/iconografia_paolo_tarso-18221.html Representetions of Saint Paul] | + | * [https://www.cattoliciromani.com/forum/showthread.php/iconografia_paolo_tarso-18221.html Representetions of Saint Paul] |
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| [[Category: Religion]] | | [[Category: Religion]] |
| [[Category: Biography]] | | [[Category: Biography]] |