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− | [[Image:lighterstill.jpg]][[Image:Logos650.jpg|center|frame]] | + | [[Image:lighterstill.jpg]][[Image:Logos625.jpg|center|frame]] |
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| The "'''Word'''" expresses the conception that '''Christ''' is '''the ''Logos''''' (''λóγος'', the [[Greek]] for "word", "wisdom" or "reason") has been important in establishing the doctrine of the [[divinity]] of [[Jesus|Jesus Christ]] and his position as [[Eternal Son|God the Son]] in the [[Trinity]]. | | The "'''Word'''" expresses the conception that '''Christ''' is '''the ''Logos''''' (''λóγος'', the [[Greek]] for "word", "wisdom" or "reason") has been important in establishing the doctrine of the [[divinity]] of [[Jesus|Jesus Christ]] and his position as [[Eternal Son|God the Son]] in the [[Trinity]]. |
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− | The conception derives from the opening of the [[Gospel of John]]: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with [[God]], and the Word was God." In the original Greek, ''Logos'' is used, and in theological [[discourse]], this is often left untranslated. ''Word'' and related terms in earlier Jewish [[tradition]] prepared the way for its use here to denote Jesus as revealer of the unseen God (see Wisdom 9:1-4, 9, 17-18; Ecclesiasticus 24:1-12). Christian theologians to this day still debate whether the Divine Being and ''logos'' are analogous, synonymous, or distinct.[http://jkalb.freeshell.org/more/doctrine.html The Doctrine of the Logos] | + | The conception derives from the opening of the [[Gospel of John]]: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with [[God]], and the Word was God." In the original Greek, ''Logos'' is used, and in theological [[discourse]], this is often left untranslated. ''Word'' and related terms in earlier Jewish [[tradition]] prepared the way for its use here to denote Jesus as revealer of the unseen God (see Wisdom 9:1-4, 9, 17-18; Ecclesiasticus 24:1-12). Christian theologians to this day still debate whether the Divine Being and ''logos'' are analogous, synonymous, or distinct.[https://jkalb.freeshell.org/more/doctrine.html The Doctrine of the Logos] |
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− | Many have seen this as evidence that there was a [[syncretism]] between Christology and [[Platonism]]. The debate about the [[nature]] of [[Jesus|Christ]] from the first century through the Council of Chalcedon in 451 CE must be understood in light of the pervasive [[worldview]] of ''Platonic [[dualism]]''. Platonism is normally divided into four periods: Old Academy 347-267 BC, New Academy 267-80 BC, Middle Platonism 80BC-250 AD, and Neoplatonism 250 AD through to the Reformation [http://www.iep.utm.edu/n/neoplato.htm]
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| + | Many have seen this as evidence that there was a [[syncretism]] between Christology and [[Platonism]]. The debate about the [[nature]] of [[Jesus|Christ]] from the first century through the Council of Chalcedon in 451 CE must be understood in light of the pervasive [[worldview]] of ''Platonic [[dualism]]''. Platonism is normally divided into four periods: Old Academy 347-267 BC, New Academy 267-80 BC, Middle Platonism 80BC-250 AD, and Neoplatonism 250 AD through to the Reformation [https://www.iep.utm.edu/n/neoplato.htm] |
| + | <center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''[[The Word]]''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:The_Word '''''this link'''''].</center> |
| ==Platonism and early schools of thought in Judaism== | | ==Platonism and early schools of thought in Judaism== |
| In contradistinction to a specific religion, Platonism was a basic understanding of the operation of the [[cosmos]], which saw the [[material]] world in a dualistic fashion; separated from a [[transcendental|transcendent]] God, but communicated with by the logos ([[thought]], [[wisdom]], [[creativity]]). In simple terms: Platonism thought of the [[spirit]] world as good and the physical world as [[evil]]. | | In contradistinction to a specific religion, Platonism was a basic understanding of the operation of the [[cosmos]], which saw the [[material]] world in a dualistic fashion; separated from a [[transcendental|transcendent]] God, but communicated with by the logos ([[thought]], [[wisdom]], [[creativity]]). In simple terms: Platonism thought of the [[spirit]] world as good and the physical world as [[evil]]. |
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| * Freund, Richard A. ''Secrets of the Cave of Letters''. Amherst, New York: Humanity Books. 2004. | | * Freund, Richard A. ''Secrets of the Cave of Letters''. Amherst, New York: Humanity Books. 2004. |
| * Greene, Colin J. D. ''Christology in Cultural Perspective: Marking Out the Horizons''. Grand Rapids: InterVarsity Press. Eerdmans Publishing. 2003. | | * Greene, Colin J. D. ''Christology in Cultural Perspective: Marking Out the Horizons''. Grand Rapids: InterVarsity Press. Eerdmans Publishing. 2003. |
− | * Hillar, Marian. ''Philo of Alexandria (20BCE-50CE).'' in The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ed. by James Fieser and Bradley Dowden. 2006. Available at http://www.iep.edu/p/philo.htm. | + | * Hillar, Marian. ''Philo of Alexandria (20BCE-50CE).'' in The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ed. by James Fieser and Bradley Dowden. 2006. Available at https://www.iep.edu/p/philo.htm. |
| * Holt, Bradley P. ''Thirsty for God: A Brief History of Christian Spirituality''. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. 2005. | | * Holt, Bradley P. ''Thirsty for God: A Brief History of Christian Spirituality''. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. 2005. |
| * Josephus, Flavius. ''Complete Works''. trans. and ed. by William Whiston. Grand Rapids: Kregel Publishing. 1960. | | * Josephus, Flavius. ''Complete Works''. trans. and ed. by William Whiston. Grand Rapids: Kregel Publishing. 1960. |
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| * Macleod, Donald. ''The Person of Christ''. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press. 1998. | | * Macleod, Donald. ''The Person of Christ''. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press. 1998. |
| * McGrath, Alister. ''Historical Theology: An Introduction to the History of Christian Thought''. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 1998. | | * McGrath, Alister. ''Historical Theology: An Introduction to the History of Christian Thought''. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 1998. |
− | * Moore, Edwin. ''“Neoplatonism.”'' in The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ed. by James Fieser and Bradley Dowden. 2006. Available at http://www.iep.edu/n/neoplato.htm. | + | * Moore, Edwin. ''“Neoplatonism.”'' in The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ed. by James Fieser and Bradley Dowden. 2006. Available at https://www.iep.edu/n/neoplato.htm. |
| * Neusner, Jacob. ''From Politics to Piety: The Emergence of Pharisaic Judaism''. Providence, R. I.: Brown University. 1973. | | * Neusner, Jacob. ''From Politics to Piety: The Emergence of Pharisaic Judaism''. Providence, R. I.: Brown University. 1973. |
| * Norris, Richard A. Jr. ''The Christological Controversy''. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. 1980. | | * Norris, Richard A. Jr. ''The Christological Controversy''. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. 1980. |
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| * ''Sacred Realm: The Emergence of the Synagogue in the Ancient World''. ed, by Steven Fine. New York: Oxford Press. 1996. | | * ''Sacred Realm: The Emergence of the Synagogue in the Ancient World''. ed, by Steven Fine. New York: Oxford Press. 1996. |
| * Schweitzer, Albert. ''Quest of the Historical Jesus: A Critical Study of the Progress from Reimarus to Wrede''. trans. by W. Montgomery. London: A & C Black. 1931. | | * Schweitzer, Albert. ''Quest of the Historical Jesus: A Critical Study of the Progress from Reimarus to Wrede''. trans. by W. Montgomery. London: A & C Black. 1931. |
− | * Turner, William.'' “Neo-Platonism.”'' in New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. ed by John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York, 2006. Available at http://newadvent.org./cathen/10742b.htm. | + | * Turner, William.'' “Neo-Platonism.”'' in New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. ed by John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York, 2006. Available at https://newadvent.org./cathen/10742b.htm. |
| * Tyson, John R.'' Invitation to Christian Spirituality: An Ecumenical Anthology''. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999. | | * Tyson, John R.'' Invitation to Christian Spirituality: An Ecumenical Anthology''. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999. |
| * Westerholm, S. ''“Pharisees.”'' in The Dictionary of New Testament Background. ed. by [[Craig A. Evans]] and Stanley E. Porter. (CD-ROM) Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press. 2000. | | * Westerholm, S. ''“Pharisees.”'' in The Dictionary of New Testament Background. ed. by [[Craig A. Evans]] and Stanley E. Porter. (CD-ROM) Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press. 2000. |