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58:5.1 The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_drift continental land drift] continued. The [[earth]]'s core had become as dense and rigid as steel, being subjected to a [[pressure]] of almost 25,000 tons to the square inch, and owing to the enormous [[gravity]] [[pressure]], it was and still is very hot in the deep interior. The [[temperature]] increases from the [[surface]] downward until at the [[center]] it is slightly above the [[surface]] [[temperature]] of the [[sun]].

58:5.1 The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_drift continental land drift] continued. The [[earth]]'s core had become as dense and rigid as steel, being subjected to a [[pressure]] of almost 25,000 tons to the square inch, and owing to the enormous [[gravity]] [[pressure]], it was and still is very hot in the deep interior. The [[temperature]] increases from the [[surface]] downward until at the [[center]] it is slightly above the [[surface]] [[temperature]] of the [[sun]].

58:5.2 The outer one thousand miles of the [[earth]]'s [[mass]] consists principally of [[different]] kinds of rock. Underneath are the denser and heavier metallic [[elements]]. Throughout the early and preatmospheric [[ages]] the world was so nearly [[fluid]] in its [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molten molten] and highly [[heated]] [[state]] that the heavier metals sank deep into the interior. Those found near the [[surface]] today represent the exudate of ancient [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanoes volcanoes], later and extensive [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava flows], and the more recent [[meteoric]] deposits.

58:5.2 The outer one thousand miles of the [[earth]]'s [[mass]] consists principally of [[different]] kinds of rock. Underneath are the denser and heavier metallic [[elements]]. Throughout the early and preatmospheric [[ages]] the world was so nearly [[fluid]] in its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molten molten] and highly [[heated]] [[state]] that the heavier metals sank deep into the interior. Those found near the [[surface]] today represent the exudate of ancient [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanoes volcanoes], later and extensive [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava flows], and the more recent [[meteoric]] deposits.

58:5.3 The outer crust was about forty miles thick. This outer shell was [[supported]] by, and rested directly upon, a molten sea of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt basalt] of varying thickness, a mobile layer of molten lava held under high [[pressure]] but always tending to [[flow]] hither and yon in [[equalization]] of shifting [[planetary]] pressures, thereby tending to [[stabilize]] the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_crust earth's crust].

58:5.3 The outer crust was about forty miles thick. This outer shell was [[supported]] by, and rested directly upon, a molten sea of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt basalt] of varying thickness, a mobile layer of molten lava held under high [[pressure]] but always tending to [[flow]] hither and yon in [[equalization]] of shifting [[planetary]] pressures, thereby tending to [[stabilize]] the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_crust earth's crust].

58:5.4 Even today the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_drift continents continue to float] upon this noncrystallized cushiony sea of molten basalt. Were it not for this protective condition, the more severe [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakes earthquakes] would [[literally]] shake the world to pieces. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakes Earthquakes] are caused by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_plate sliding and shifting] of the solid outer crust and not by volcanoes.

58:5.4 Even today the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_drift continents continue to float] upon this noncrystallized cushiony sea of molten basalt. Were it not for this protective condition, the more severe [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakes earthquakes] would [[literally]] shake the world to pieces. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakes Earthquakes] are caused by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_plate sliding and shifting] of the solid outer crust and not by volcanoes.

58:5.5 The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava] layers of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_crust earth's crust], when cooled, [[form]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite granite]. The [[average]] [[density]] of [[Urantia]] is a little more than five and one-half times that of [[water]]; the [[density]] of granite is less than three times that of [[water]]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_core earth's core] is twelve times as dense as [[water]].

58:5.5 The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava] layers of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_crust earth's crust], when cooled, [[form]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite granite]. The [[average]] [[density]] of [[Urantia]] is a little more than five and one-half times that of [[water]]; the [[density]] of granite is less than three times that of [[water]]. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_core earth's core] is twelve times as dense as [[water]].

58:5.6 The [[Ocean|sea]] bottoms are more dense than the [[land]] masses, and this is what keeps the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continents] above [[water]]. When the sea bottoms are extruded above the sea level, they are found to consist largely of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt basalt], a [[form]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava] considerably heavier than the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite granite] of the [[land]] masses. Again, if the continents were not lighter than the [[ocean]] beds, [[gravity]] would draw the edges of the [[oceans]] up onto the [[land]], but such [[phenomena]] are not [[observable]].

58:5.6 The [[Ocean|sea]] bottoms are more dense than the [[land]] masses, and this is what keeps the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continents] above [[water]]. When the sea bottoms are extruded above the sea level, they are found to consist largely of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt basalt], a [[form]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava lava] considerably heavier than the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite granite] of the [[land]] masses. Again, if the continents were not lighter than the [[ocean]] beds, [[gravity]] would draw the edges of the [[oceans]] up onto the [[land]], but such [[phenomena]] are not [[observable]].

58:5.7 The weight of the [[oceans]] is also a [[factor]] in the increase of [[pressure]] on the sea beds. The lower but comparatively heavier [[ocean]] beds, plus the weight of the overlying [[water]], approximate the weight of the higher but much lighter [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continents]. But all continents tend to creep into the [[oceans]]. The continental [[pressure]] at ocean-bottom levels is about 20,000 pounds to the square inch. That is, this would be the [[pressure]] of a continental mass standing 15,000 feet above the ocean floor. The ocean-floor [[water]] [[pressure]] is only about 5,000 pounds to the square inch. These [[differential]] [[pressures]] tend to [[cause]] the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continents] to slide toward the [[ocean]] beds.

58:5.7 The weight of the [[oceans]] is also a [[factor]] in the increase of [[pressure]] on the sea beds. The lower but comparatively heavier [[ocean]] beds, plus the weight of the overlying [[water]], approximate the weight of the higher but much lighter [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continents]. But all continents tend to creep into the [[oceans]]. The continental [[pressure]] at ocean-bottom levels is about 20,000 pounds to the square inch. That is, this would be the [[pressure]] of a continental mass standing 15,000 feet above the ocean floor. The ocean-floor [[water]] [[pressure]] is only about 5,000 pounds to the square inch. These [[differential]] [[pressures]] tend to [[cause]] the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continents continents] to slide toward the [[ocean]] beds.

58:5.8 Depression of the [[ocean]] bottom during the prelife ages had upthrust a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangea solitary continental land mass] to such a height that its lateral pressure tended to cause the eastern, western, and southern fringes to slide downhill, over the underlying semiviscous lava beds, into the [[waters]] of the surrounding [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean Pacific Ocean]. This so fully [[compensated]] the continental pressure that a wide break did not occur on the eastern shore of this ancient Asiatic continent, but ever since has that [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire eastern coast line hovered over the precipice of its adjoining oceanic depths], threatening to slide into a watery grave.

58:5.8 Depression of the [[ocean]] bottom during the prelife ages had upthrust a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangea solitary continental land mass] to such a height that its lateral pressure tended to cause the eastern, western, and southern fringes to slide downhill, over the underlying semiviscous lava beds, into the [[waters]] of the surrounding [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean Pacific Ocean]. This so fully [[compensated]] the continental pressure that a wide break did not occur on the eastern shore of this ancient Asiatic continent, but ever since has that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire eastern coast line hovered over the precipice of its adjoining oceanic depths], threatening to slide into a watery grave.

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[[Category:Paper 58 - Life Establishment on Urantia]]

[[Category:Paper 58 - Life Establishment on Urantia]]